GPS卫星定位误差分析

GPS测量数据中包含有多种误差,按其产生的来源、性质、大小及对测量产生的影响等进行了介绍和初步分析,提出了相应的措施以便消除或削弱它们对测量结果的影响。     

Mugil curema as a PAH bioavailability monitor for Atlantic west sub-tropical estuaries

This work aimed to evaluate the use of Mugil curema as a biomonitor for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) bioavailability. Fish biliary metabolites from low-contaminated (Cananéia) and contaminated (Santos) Brazilian estuaries were analysed using a high-performance liquid chromatography apparatus coupled to fluorescence detectors connected in a series. In the Cananéia and Santos estuaries, total metabolite levels ranged from 0.85 to 34.4 μg g^? 1 of bile and from 4.06 to 528 μg g^? 1 of bile, respectively. Metabolite levels were not influenced by feeding status or sexual hormones (p < 0.05), thus suggesting that M. curema is a good biomonitor for PAH bioavailability. In estuarine regions, it is possible to sample both the male and female genders of this species in any reproductive period.     

马氏珠母贝选群F1的表型性状的相关和通径分析

从7月龄的F1群体随机取样120个体,测量表型性状并进行相关和路径分析。所测量的表型性状包括壳长、壳高、壳宽、壳重和仝湿重共5个指标。结果表明：（1）壳长、壳高、壳宽、壳重和全湿重存在显著的相关性（P〈0．05）。全湿重与壳长、壳高、壳宽和壳重存在显著的正相关（P〈0．05）,相关系数分别为0．8970、0．6974、0．6521和0．5486。（2）壳重、壳高、壳宽和壳长对全湿重具有正直接影响,其值分别为0．6356、0．1872、0．1814和0．0599。结果说明了通过直接选择或间接选择可以改良马氏珠母贝选群F1的壳长、壳高、壳宽、壳重和全湿重等生长性状。     

On the lack of cold dust in IRAS P09104+4109 and IRAS F15307+3252: their spectral energy distributions and implications for finding dusty AGNs at high redshift

We present upper limits on the 850-μm and 450-μm fluxes of the warm hyperluminous (bolometric luminosity     galaxies IRAS P09104+4109     and IRAS F15307+3252     , derived from measurements using the SCUBA bolometer array on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope. Hot luminous infrared sources like these are thought to differ from more normal cold ultraluminous infrared     galaxies in that they derive most of their bolometric luminosities from dusty active galactic nuclei (AGNs) as opposed to starbursts. Such hot, dusty AGNs at high redshift are thought to be responsible for much of the mass accretion of the Universe that is in turn responsible for the formation of the supermassive black holes seen in the centres of local galaxies. The galaxy IRAS P09104+4109 is also unusual in that it is a cD galaxy in the centre of a substantial cooling-flow cluster, not an isolated interacting galaxy like most ultraluminous infrared galaxies. Previously it was known to have large amounts of hot     dust from IRAS observations. We now show that the contribution of cold dust to the bolometric luminosity is less than 3 per cent. Most ultraluminous infrared galaxies possess large amounts of cold dust, and it is now known that some cooling-flow cluster cD galaxies do as well. Yet this object, which is an extreme example of both, does not have enough cold gas to contribute significantly to the bolometric luminosity. We outline physical reasons why this could have happened. We then provide a discussion of strategies for finding hot dusty AGNs, given the limitations on submillimetre surveys implied by this work.     

用方差分析法预测濮阳市冬小麦播种期降水量趋势

使用1971--2000年濮阳市冬小麦播种期降水量资料，采用方差分析法，按不同长度周期进行排列，求出各个周期的F值，进行F检验定出第一周期，其位相值为第一周期的第一次值。将原序列减去第一周期的位相值作为新序列1，对新序列1再进行不同长度周期排列，求出各个周期的F值，再进行F检验定出第二周期。对第一、二周期进行稳定性检查，采用经稳定后的第一、二周期的第2次值各自外推，求出预报初值，计算出剩余方差，建立预报方程，进而可计算出降水量预报值。经回代检验，历史拟合率为30／30=100％；2001—2005年试报准确率为4／5=80％。     

Utilization of Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) slag in the production of a hydraulic cement binder

Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) slag is a major waste product generated during the steelmaking process. In India and in most industrial countries, the use of BOF slag as a road ballast and land filler has had a very long history. This being a low end use, a study was conducted to examine the possibility of converting the slag into a hydraulic binder. This paper describes the effect of cooling rate on mineralogy and cementing characteristics of normal BOF slag as well as iron oxide-devoid BOF slag. Specifically, the mineralogy and compressive strengths of heat-treated slags were compared with a conventional ordinary Portland cement. It was found that the slowly cooled slags did not show any cementing properties. The iron oxide-devoid slag, on slow cooling, disintegrated into fine powder. The water-cured cubic specimens of quenched slag products were tested for their compressive strengths. The cementing properties of the quenched slag products were improved by formation of hydraulic phases and showed considerable strength after 28 days of water curing.     

应用与透射电子显微术相结合的电子能量损失谱(EELS)测定矿物中Ce和Fe的氧化态

在透射电子显微镜(TEM)中,与样品发生弹性散射的高能电子可被用于成像和产生选区电子衍射(SAED),它们能提供关于样品结构的重要信息。高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM )由于它具有高的空间分辨率,因而可以在原子的尺度上来研究样品的结构和微结构(或织构 )。此外,TEM中入射的高能电子还经历了与样品的非弹性相互作用,它可以提供关于样品的 化学和电子结构的进一步信息。据此,以TEM中的X射线能量色散谱学(EDS)和电子能量损失 谱学(EELS)为基础,产生了分析电子显微术(AEM)。其中EELS能够提供有关样品的诸如定量 化学分析(包括除氢以外的所有元素)、氧化态、配位、结晶度以及化学键合类型等有价值的 信息。HRTEM与EELS结合的研究则能从纳米尺度上提供关于矿物反应的微结构和微化学信息 。应用以M4和M5边的电子能量 损失近边结构(ELNES)为基础的EELS,研究了被建议作为放射性废料寄主相的烧绿石中Ce的 氧化态。与Ce3＋相比,Ce4＋的M4和M5边具有较高的能量损失。M4与M5边之间以及它们之后的弱峰之间的 强度比可用于Ce3＋与Ce4＋的定量分析。在内蒙所产烧绿石矿物的颗粒,其未蚀变区的EELS数据指示出有Ce3＋及其他稀士元素。然而由相邻蚀变区得出的EELS光谱则显示为Ce4＋、Ba及其他稀土元素。这表明在烧绿石蚀变期间,Ce的氧化导致了稀土元素、U及α衰变产物Pb的损失。基于Fe-L3边之ELNES的特征,EELS也能提供关于含Fe的闪石、辉石及其他硅酸盐矿物中Fe的氧化态的定量信息。应用这一方法直接测定了相互连生的一对闪石和辉石中Fe氧化态的定量值。其中闪石的Fe3＋/∑Fe原子数之比=0.65,而按间接计算方法得出的该闪石之相应的比值为0.5,两 者间有明显的差异。     

基于多时相陆地卫星图像的锡林河流域土地覆盖类型特征

1IntroductionThe growing concern over the impact of changes in land use and land cover on environmental conditions and the increasing human impact on the natural resources has captured worldwide attention of the political and scientific community (Ojima etal., 1991; Smith etal., 2001). It is expected that the changing land use/land cover pattern will be one of the driving forces of environmental changes superimposed on the natural changes at regional scale (Fu etal., 1993; Bonan, 1995). Arid…     

Responses to two-way selection on growth in mass-spawned F1 progeny of Argopecten irradians concentricus (Say)

A bstract In the present study,the effect of one-generation divergent selection on the growth and survival of the bay scallop(Argopecten irradians concentricus)was examined to evaluate the effi cacy of a selection program currently being carried out in Beibu Bay in the South China Sea.A total of 146 adult scallops were randomly selected from the same cultured population of A.i.concentricus,and divided into two groups in shell length(anterior-posterior measurement): large(4.91–6.02 cm,n=74)and small(3.31–4.18 cm,n=72).At the same time,a control group was also randomly sampled(4.21–4.88 cm,n=80).Mass-spawned F 1 progenies from the three size groups were obtained and reared under identical conditions at all growth phases.The effects of two-way(or upward-downward)selection on fertilization rate,hatching rate,survival rate,daily growth in shell length and body weight were assessed in the three size groups.Results show that signifi cant differences(P0.01)were found in hatching rate,survival rate and daily growth of F 1 progenies,but not in fertilization rate(P0.05),among the three groups.The hatching rate,survival rate and daily growth of the progeny of large-sized parents were greater than those of the control group(P0.05),which in turn were larger than those of small-sized group(P0.05).Responses to selection by shell length and body weight were 0.32±0.04 cm and 2.18±0.05 g,respectively,for the upward selection,and-0.14±0.03 cm and-2.77±0.06 g,respectively,for the downward selection.The realized heritability estimates of shell length and body weight were 0.38±0.06 cm and 0.22±0.07 g for the upward selection,and 0.24±0.06 cm and 0.37±0.09 g for the downward selection,respectively.The change in growth by bidirectional selection suggests that high genetic variation may be present in the cultured bay scallop population in China.