宁深1井深井高温钻井液技术

针对麻黄山西部区块深部地层特点及难点,在室内优选抗高温钻井液体系,并对该体系进行性能优化研究,逐步改善其抗温、抗污染能力,并引入SPC-220与磺化处理剂发生高温交联,进一步增强体系的抗盐污染能力。宁深1井现场应用证明,该抗温钻井液体系性能稳定,对井下复杂情况的处理及顺利钻达目的层起到了关键作用。     

膏岩三轴压缩试验及高温相变特征研究

采用伺服刚性试验机对天然膏岩开展三轴压缩试验,研究了温度及围压对膏岩强度及变形特性的影响。结果表明,膏岩在不同围压下均具有良好的塑性流动特性,加载后无明显的剪切破坏面,而是出现明显的侧向膨胀。根据三轴试验结果,利用摩尔-库仑定律得到了膏岩的强度准则及抗剪强度参数。升高温度导致膏岩强度降低,且高温下石膏发生晶型转变,从二水石膏脱水转变为半水石膏,利用扫描电镜和X衍射对此过程进行了研究。脱水过程导致瞬间孔隙应力增加,膏岩破坏特性由延性转变为脆性。随着持续加载,破裂断面逐渐愈合。膏岩显著的塑性流动能力及快速的裂隙愈合能力对于天然气盖层的封闭稳定性具有重要意义。     

近地表温压条件下白云岩溶解过程的实验研究

与溶解作用有关的次生孔隙是碳酸盐岩最主要的油气储集空间,从实验模拟角度研究碳酸盐溶解机制具有重要的理论与应用价值。本文在近地表的温度和压力条件下,进行了具相同成分和结构的白云岩在CO2和乙酸介质中的对照溶解实验,两种类型的具相同成分和不同结构的白云岩在CO2介质中添加和不添加硬石膏的对照溶解实验,以及方解石含量50%的岩石在CO2介质中添加和不添加硬石膏的对照溶解实验。实验结果表明:(1)近地表温压条件的酸性环境中,乙酸对碳酸盐矿物的溶解能力显著大于CO2流体,乙酸对白云石的溶解是接近化学计量的,而CO2流体则是非化学计量的,白云石中Ca优先溶出而Mg滞留;(2)溶解CaSO4的加入会显著改善近地表温压条件下CO2流体对白云石的溶解效果,使得白云石溶解接近化学计量组成,该过程是通过抑制Ca的溶出和加速Mg的溶出来实现的;(3)对于白云石含量大于90%的较纯的白云岩来说,溶解CaSO4的加入会使得白云岩溶出离子的Ca、Mg合量增加,因而总体上有利于白云岩溶解,与之相反,溶液中CaSO4的沉淀可能导致白云石的沉淀。实验结果可以帮助我们更深刻理解近地表环境白云岩的溶解过程,尤其是与膏盐伴生的白云岩的溶解及相应岩溶过程和次生孔隙的形成机制。      

高速铁路膏溶角砾岩深埋隧道支护荷载确定方法

合理的支护荷载确定方法是膏溶角砾岩深埋隧道设计和施工过程中的关键科学问题。以石太客运专线太行山隧道累计穿越4 410 m膏溶角砾岩地层为依托,通过现场支护荷载量测试验,统计得到初支围岩压力和二衬接触压力。采用泰沙基理论、比尔鲍曼理论、谢家烋理论、铁路隧道设计规范和普氏理论共5种方法分别计算围岩压力,并与现场实测值相比较。结果表明：围岩压力以竖向为主,泰沙基理论值与现场实测统计值最为接近;围岩压力在竖向、水平分布模式不同于传统计算方法,推荐竖向压力采用双峰型或均匀分布,水平压力采用折线型分布;初支和二次衬砌共同承担荷载,二衬分担比例为50.1%。研究成果可为高速铁路膏溶角砾岩以及类似地质条件深埋隧道修建提供参考。     

山东平邑县德埠庄石膏矿区北矿段水文地质特征分析

德埠庄石膏矿区北矿段位于平邑凹陷的西部,通过研究区内地质孔简易水文地质编录、水文地质孔分层抽水试验,查明了矿床水文地质条件及石膏矿带含水特征,确定水文地质单元边界条件模型,采用“水文地质比拟法”预测矿床正常涌水量和最大涌水量,在此基础上划定矿床水文地质条件属于中等型。     

利用石膏产状研究汶东盐湖相沉积与烃源岩特征

根据石膏矿物类型和产状以及其它相标志,对汶东凹陷汶ZK16 钻孔的古近系盐湖相地层进行了沉积相分析,并结合有机地球化学分析,对不同沉积相的烃源岩开展了地球化学评价。汶东凹陷石膏矿物组合较好的反映了古盐湖沉积环境、水深、盐度和底水含氧量等的变化,不同的石膏矿物组合对应着不同的沉积相和不同质量的烃源岩,其中干化泥坪相和盐化泥坪相石膏矿物组合以分散胶结状和结核状为主,其烃源岩有机质丰度较低,发育非烃源岩到差烃源岩;干盐湖相石膏矿物组合以肠状石膏和透镜状石膏为主,烃源岩有机质丰度较高,发育好到优质烃源岩;而深水盐湖相石膏矿物以纹层状石膏为主,烃源岩有机质丰度高,总体达到优质烃源岩的标准。据此,建立了盐湖相烃源岩的发育模式。该模式对于中国第三系盐湖烃源岩,特别是高演化程度的盐湖相烃源岩原始烃源岩类型研究具有重要的指导意义。     

Calibration of a hysteretic model for glass fiber reinforced gypsum wall panels

Glass fi ber reinforced gypsum(GFRG) wall panels are prefabricated panels with hollow cores, originally developed in Australia and subsequently adopted by India and China for use in buildings. This paper discusses identifi cation and calibration of a suitable hysteretic model for GFRG wall panels fi lled with reinforced concrete. As considerable pinching was observed in the experimental results, a suitable hysteretic model with pinched hysteretic rule is used to conduct a series of quasi-static as inelastic hysteretic response analyses of GFRG panels with two different widths. The calibration of the pinching model parameters was carried out to approximately match the simulated and experimental responses up to 80% of the peak load in the post peak region. Interestingly, the same values of various parameters(energy dissipation and pinching related parameters) were obtained for all fi ve test specimens.     

新疆乌苏地区新近系石膏脉特征及形成过程

基于野外地质调查及采集样品的微观分析,文中详细研究了新疆乌苏地区新近系发育的石膏脉特征,并从古沉积环 境、成岩作用、风化作用和溶盐水注入期次等方面分析了石膏脉的形成过程。该区石膏脉发育形态特殊,主要是由两横两 纵4条线状主控石膏脉派生出的各种产状石膏脉组成,呈龟壳状。通过分析认为该石膏脉的形成过程共经历过4个阶段,炎 热的古沉积环境为沉积大量的石膏矿物奠定了基础,先成岩后胶结的成岩作用为石膏脉形成提供了必要条件,加上强烈的 风化作用和多期地表溶盐水注入和析出,形成了现今的龟壳状结构石膏脉。该套石膏脉的存在为推测盆地中心可能存在天 然储层裂缝改造区提供线索,并对西北地区新近纪干旱沉积环境具有一定的指示意义。     

Origins of High H_2S-bearing Natural Gas in China

Natural gas containing hydrogen sulphide （H2S） has been found in several petroliferous basins in China, such as the Sichuan Basin, Bohai Bay Basin, Ordos Basin, Tarim Basin, etc. Natural gas with higher HES contents （HES 〉5 % mol.） is mostly distributed in both the gas reservoirs of Dukouhe, Luojiazhai, Puguang and Tieshanpo, which belong to the Triassic Feixianguan Formation in the northeastern Sichuan Basin and those of the Kongdian-Shahejie formations in the northeastern Jinxian Sag of the Jizhong Depression, Bohai Bay Basin. In the Sichuan Basin, the HES contents of natural gas average over 9% and some can be 17 %, while those of the Bohai Bay Basin range from 40 % to 92 %, being then one of the gas reservoirs with the highest H2S contents in the world. Based on detailed observation and sample analysis results of a total 5000 m of core from over 70 wells in the above-mentioned two basins, especially sulfur isotopic analysis of gypsum, brimstone, pyrite and natural gas, also with integrated study of the geochemical characteristics of hydrocarbons, it is thought that the natural gas with high HES contents resulted from thermochemical sulfate reduction （TSR） reactions. Among them, the natural gas in the Feixianguan Formation resulted from TSR reactions participated by hydrocarbon gas, while that in the Zhaolanzhuang of the Jinxian Sag being the product of TSR participated by crude oil. During the consumption process of hydrocarbons due to TSR, the heavy hydrocarbons were apt to react with sulfate, which accordingly resulted in the dry coefficient of natural gas increasing and the carbon isotopes becoming heavier.