Energy distributions of the large-scale horizontal currents caused by wind in the baroclinic ocean

Wind is the main energy source for the generation of the internal waves and the ocean mixing. Wunsch[1] estimated that about 1 TW (1 TW = 1012 W) energy was transported into the ocean from the winds by us-ing the altimeter data. Watanabe et al.[2] numerically calculated that the mixing processes obtained 0.7 TW energy from the global wind, which afforded most of the energy needed by the maintenance of the Merid-ional Overturning Circulation (MOC). During the past 50 years, in the Norther…     

基于"山西2015速度模型"的定位方法对比研究

为了确定山西台网基于“山西2015速度模型”的相对固定的定位方法,选择2010~2016年最大空隙角小于45°、参与定位台站数大于40的103个地震事件,分别采用单纯形法、Hypo2000、Hyposat结合PTD等3种方法重新测定。结果显示,单纯形法和Hyposat结合PTD测定的残差以及网缘地震的震中距两方面均优于Hypo2000;在震源深度方面,Hyposat结合PTD的结果较为可信。综合分析认为,基于“山西2015速度模型”定位地震时,山西台网应固定使用Hyposat结合PTD的方法。     

基于重整化群方法的红层软岩损伤破坏逾渗阈值研究

逾渗现象广泛存在于大自然中,当物体中起决定性作用的关键变量变化至某一阈值时,其状态发生突变,此时关键变量的临界值称为逾渗阈值。岩石在水的作用下的损伤破坏过程中存在着逾渗现象,可通过重整化群的方法来研究。本文针对华南地区广泛分布的红层软岩,探讨了其在损伤过程中的逾渗现象与破坏的本质关联。通过对典型红层软岩的微观结构分析,概化出红层软岩的骨架构件和胶结物构件,建立红层软岩的重整化群模型的基本单元,将基本单元进行组合,建立出红层软岩的重整化群模型。根据重整化变换规则,推导计算出其逾渗阈值。研究表明:当红层软岩在荷载条件下的破坏临近逾渗阈值时,其内部结构发生大量破坏,软岩内部从无序损伤突变为有序损伤,继之损伤破坏加剧,由稳定破坏向非稳定破坏突变,最终导致其失稳破坏。研究对揭示红层软岩损伤破坏机理具有重要意义。     

Spatial, temporal and diel variations of fish assemblages at two sandy beaches in the Sepetiba Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Fish assemblages from two beaches, one in the inner and the other in the outer Sepetiba Bay (latitude: 22°54′–23°04′S; longitude: 43°34′–44°10′W), Southeast Brazil, were sampled by beach seine net, simultaneously, on both seasonal and diel scales, between August 1998 and June 1999. Sites were selected to encompass different environmental conditions which reflect the two bay zones, thus providing a comprehensive assessment of the factors influencing surf zone fish assemblages, and their spatial, seasonal and diel variations. A total of 55 fish species was recorded, mostly young-of-the-year. Anchoa tricolor, Micropogonias furnieri, Gerres aprion, Diapterus rhombeus, Harengula clupeola, Atherinella brasiliensis and Mugil liza were numerically dominant and contributed to 95.2% of the total fish catches. Strong differences in fish assemblages were observed between the two areas, with higher number of species in the outer bay. Increases in fish numbers occurred in winter, while the highest biomass occurred in winter and summer. Transparency, followed by salinity, was responsible for most of the spatial variability and played an important role in structuring fish assemblages. Overall, diel patterns did not reveal any significant trends; however, if we consider each season separately, an increase in fish numbers during the day with peak at sunset was observed in winter, and a higher biomass occurred at night in winter and summer. Species preferences for various combinations of environmental variables are responsible for shifts in the structure and overall abundance of assemblages and dictated some patterns. The sciaenid M. furnieri, the second most abundant species, occurred only in the inner zone, being more abundant in winter. The species of Engraulidae were more abundant in the outer zone in winter/spring during the day. The gerreids G. aprion and D. rhombeus occurred mainly in summer. Overall, temporal fluctuations act more at a specific level than at a structural one, and may be linked to some particular stages of the fish life cycle, but do not significantly influence the spatial organization.     

冀北—辽西早白垩世沉积有机质特征与古气候环境演变

本文对冀北—辽西地区早白垩世沉积盆地富有机质沉积岩进行了初步有机地球化学分析研究。结果显示,冀北—辽西沉积盆沉积有机质特征在时间和空间上存在很大差异,代表白垩系早期沉积的滦平盆地大北沟组有机质丰度低,这不仅显示其所代表的沉积相带不利于有机质的聚集,也反映了当时生物不够繁盛;大店子组时期沉积相带发生了变化,有机质类型随着发生了变化,丰度有所增高,但总体上显示环境条件不利于生物的发育和繁盛。到了桥头组和义县组沉积岩有机质丰度大幅升高,表明生物界非常繁盛,古气候环境有利于有机质的大量生成和堆积,总体上反映了温湿的气候条件;但同时也存在较为频繁或交替性寒冷气候波动,具体的古气候环境状态尚需进一步深入研究。     

我国西北地区多年降水的氢氧同位素分布特征研究

降水是干旱区水文循环研究不可缺少的水文要素,为了揭示我国西北地区大气降水的氢氧同位素时空分布特征,合理开展不同尺度水文循环研究和建立对比标准,系统搜集分析了乌鲁木齐、银川、张掖、兰州、平凉、西安和拉萨七个地区多年大气降水的氢氧同位素数据资料。分析结果表明:乌鲁木齐、银川、张掖和兰州四个地区的δ18O值夏半年明显高于冬半年,从全年尺度上来看只是受到了温度效应的影响;而位于关中盆地的西安地区则由于复杂的水汽来源,冬半年表现出受温度效应的控制,夏半年转为雨量效应控制为主。平凉地区δ18O与其它海拔相近地区(如兰州)相比5~9月份均偏负,这与平凉地区较弱的城市热岛效应有关。西北地区大气降水δD和δ18O的变化范围均在全球大气降水的变化范围之内,除平凉和拉萨外,其它几个地区大气降水线方程的斜率和截距均小于全球大气降水线,说明这些地区的降水是在干旱环境下经历较强程度的蒸发条件下进行的,且在降水过程中还可能受到了局地二次蒸发凝结等水汽循环的影响。而该区域大气降水的氘盈余(d值)表现出冬半年高、夏半年低的特点,表明冬半年和夏半年水汽来源不同或者水源地的蒸发条件不同。     

钢筋混凝土框架结构耗能分析

本文从能量的观点,利用CANNY程序对普通钢筋混凝土框架结构进行了分析.通过对3种不同框架结构在不同地震动(31条)输入下的能量反应分析,研究了滞回耗能及阻尼耗能与总输入能的关系.针对本文模型的计算结果,给出了滞回耗能与总输入能关系的表达式,并初步探讨了其影响系数.研究表明,滞回耗能及阻尼耗能与总输入能之间有良好的线性关系.     

Discussion on the Relation Between the Probabilistic Distribution of Magnitude in a Seismic Province and That in an Area with Potential Seismic Source

According to the joint probabilistic distribution model of magnitude and space,the author discusses the relationship between the probabilistic distribution of magnitude in a seismic province and that in an area with potential seismic sources.The results show that if the magnitude probabilistic distribution follows the truncated exponential form in a seismic province,there must be some potential source in which the magnitude probabilistic distribution does not conform to that form.The result is consistent with the concept of "characteristic earthquake" derived from the study of actual records of seismicity and the study of geology.The author suggests that the relationship between the probabilistic distribution of magnitude in a seismic province and that in a seismic potential area must be considered in the study of the analysis of seismicity,seismic zonation and engineering seismology,for the purpose of the evaluation of the probabilistic distribution of magnitude correctly in every area with potential s     

Macrozoobenthic community of Fuxian Lake, the deepest lake of southwest China

Located in the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau in southwest China, Fuxian Lake covers an area of 211 km², with maximum depth of 155 m. It is known to have a unique fauna, including 14 described endemic species. In order to describe the zoobenthic community of the lake more completely, the present study was conducted from August 2002 to August 2003. Altogether 62 benthic taxa, including 22 oligochaetes, 21 molluscs and 18 insects were identified, of which the dominant taxa belonged to Potamothrix, Procladius and Paraprososthenia. The standing stocks of benthos were much higher in the littoral (824 ind/m² in density, 3.72 g/m² in biomass) than in the profundal region (23 ind/m² in density, 0.10 g/m² in biomass). Species richness was greatest in summer and standing stocks were larger in spring and summer than in other seasons. Analyses of functional feeding groups indicated that collector-gatherers and scrapers were predominant in entire lake. Stepwise multiple regression analysis demonstrated that the water depth is the most important factor affecting the distribution of macrozoobenthos.     

用DSS资料研究首都圈地区的地壳结构

利用几种不同的一维反演方法对天津-北京-赤城剖面的DSS（deep seismic sounding）数据进行了处理．结果显示：沿剖面基底面北浅南深,但C界面和M界面北深南浅,存在镜像关系：地壳平均速度华北盆地较低,燕山下方较高;燕山隆起和华北盆地的交界处曾多次发生过5．0级以上地震。且在该过渡带上,多条深大断裂成北北东、北东向穿过该剖面,推断首都圈地区地震的发生与莫霍面的局部隆起、速度结构的急剧变化以及深大断裂的存在具有密切关系。