Hill Instability Analysis of TLP Tether Subjected to Combined Platform Surge and Heave Motions

This paper presents the Hill instability analysis of Tension keg Platform （TLP） tether in deep sea. The 2-D nonlinear beanl model, which is undergoing coupled axial and transverse vibrations, is applied. The governing equations are reduced to nonlinear Hill equation by use of the Galerkin＇ s method and the modes superposition principle. The Hill instability charted up to large parameters is obtained. An important parameter M is defined and can be expressed as the functions of tether length, the platform surge and heave motion amplitudes. Some example studies are performed for various envirotnnental conditions. The results demonstrate that the nonlinear coupling between the axial and transverse vibrations has a significant effect on the response of structure. It needs to be considered for the accurate dynamic analysis of long TI2 tether subjected to the combined platfolna surge and heave motions.     

浅谈浅层地热能及其开发利用的建议

通过对浅层地热能及地源热泵技术进行了介绍并分析探究了安徽省及周边省份浅层地热能推广开发利用情况,就开发利用浅层地热能如何充分发挥专业技术优势,政府建设主管部门、监理单位如何加强行业监督管理工作提出建议和看法,以期更好地在我省推广开发利用地源热泵技术。     

青藏高原多年冻土层中地下冰储量估算及评价

过去几十年来,沿青藏公路/铁路多年冻土区已经完成了数千个钻孔的钻探工作.经过仔细筛选,对其中的697个钻孔剖面的地下冰分布状况和其中9261个重量含水量的分布特征进行了分析.在水平方向上,依据地下冰的分布特征,把青藏公路/铁路沿线的多年冻土划分成少冰冻土、多冰冻土、富冰冻土、饱冰冻土和含土冰层5个含冰量类别,并详细统计了各类冻土沿公路所占里程.在垂向上,将每个钻孔划分出3个深度段:即多年冻土上限以下1m范围内、上限下深1～10m段及上限下10m以下段,统计了各深度地下冰储量.青藏公路沿线多年冻土的平均厚度为38.79m,平均含水量为17.19%,据此初步估算出青藏高原多年冻土区地下冰的总储量为9528km3.     

超深方块码头稳定性的离心模型试验

用土工物理离心模型试验对超深重力式方块码头稳定性进行试验研究,试验选用码头顶面尺寸为9.5 m（方案1）与8.5 m（方案2）两种常规方案进行比较,得到码头运营期在水平位移、码头面沉降、地基土中孔隙水压力的最大值分别为42 mm、110 mm、190 kPa和82 mm、222 mm、320 kPa。 结果表明：码头稳定性的离心模型试验方法是有效的;方案2的水平位移与码头面沉降远远大于方案1,超出规范允许范围,而且其超静孔压消散较慢对工程稳定不利,因此,建议选用方案1作为设计方案。     

A new approach of selecting real input ground motions for seismic design: The most unfavourable real seismic design ground motions

This paper presents a new way of selecting real input ground motions for seismic design and analysis of structures based on a comprehensive method for estimating the damage potential of ground motions, which takes into consideration of various ground motion parameters and structural seismic damage criteria in terms of strength, deformation, hysteretic energy and dual damage of Park & Ang damage index. The proposed comprehensive method fully involves the effects of the intensity, frequency content and duration of ground motions and the dynamic characteristics of structures. Then, the concept of the most unfavourable real seismic design ground motion is introduced. Based on the concept, the most unfavourable real seismic design ground motions for rock, stiff soil, medium soil and soft soil site conditions are selected in terms of three typical period ranges of structures. The selected real strong motion records are suitable for seismic analysis of important structures whose failure or collapse will be avoided at a higher level of confidence during the strong earthquake, as they can cause the greatest damage to structures and thereby result in the highest damage potential from an extended real ground motion database for a given site. In addition, this paper also presents the real input design ground motions with medium damage potential, which can be used for the seismic analysis of structures located at the area with low and moderate seismicity. The most unfavourable real seismic design ground motions are verified by analysing the seismic response of structures. It is concluded that the most unfavourable real seismic design ground motion approach can select the real ground motions that can result in the highest damage potential for a given structure and site condition, and the real ground motions can be mainly used for structures whose failure or collapse will be avoided at a higher level of confidence during the strong earthquake. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

硬X射线成像仪量能器测试系统的设计与实现

硬X射线成像仪(Hard X-ray Imager, HXI)是先进天基太阳天文台(Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory, ASO-S)的3大载荷之一, 其中量能器作为其重要组成部分, 承担着观测30--200keV能段的太阳硬X射线的任务. 在卫星发射之前, 需要开展大量的测试工作, 以确保HXI量能器的各项功能和性能满足设计需求. HXI量能器通道数众多, 内含99个溴化镧探测器, 分别由8块相同的前端电子学板控制. 除了对各个通道的性能进行测试外, 地检系统还需模拟量能器在轨面对不同太阳活动时的运行情况, 对量能器进行全面完备的测试. 此外, 地检系统还需足够稳定, 能满足量能器在单机测试、环境试验、热真空与振动等多个不同测试项目的长时间测试需求. 为此, 设计了地检板与上位机软件, 结合放射源、直流电源、高压模块等组成一套HXI量能器的地检系统, 对8块前端电子学板实现同步配置与管理, 能高效完成指令发送与数据接收, 满足量能器最大数据输出带宽400Mbps的需求. 利用该系统, 在地面完成了HXI量能器的功能、性能验证, 获得了量能器的线性、死时间、能量分辨率等各项性能指标, 为HXI量能器的在轨高性能运行提供了保障.     

近50年石家庄地-气温差变化特征

利用石家庄17个国家气象站1972—2021年逐日地面气温、0 cm地温资料,分析了石家庄地-气温差的变化特征,结果表明：(1)石家庄地-气温差从1月开始逐渐增加,5月达到最大值5.0℃,然后开始减小,12月达到最小值-0.8℃;地-气温差在11月到次年1月为负值;春、夏、秋季均为正值,夏季最大,春季大于秋季,冬季以负值为主;(2)石家庄多年平均地-气温差在1.6～2.6℃之间,平均为2.1℃;整体上东部大于西部。(3)近50年石家庄年平均地-气温差呈显著的减小趋势,变化速率为-0.14℃/10a;夏、秋、冬三季的减小趋势均非常显著,夏季的减小趋势最强;石家庄市区和近郊站点年和四季地-气温差的减少趋势更显著。本文结论对科学认识石家庄城市生态环境的变化具有参考意义。     

Numerical benchmark studies on drag and lift coefficients of a marine riser at high Reynolds numbers

Numerical benchmark studies on drag and lift coefficients of a marine riser have been organized by the 27th ITTC Ocean Engineering Committee. The purpose of the studies was to benchmark the capabilities of CFD methods through quantitative comparisons and validation studies against the model test results of a circular cylinder by MARIN. Studies were focused on the drag crisis phenomenon for the stationary smooth cylinder in the critical Reynolds number regime. Eight organizations have participated in the studies by using RANS, DES and LES methods. An overview of the model test results, test cases, submissions and comparison results are presented in this paper. Conclusions and recommendations are made for future studies.     

Determining the location of buried plastic water pipes from measurements of ground surface vibration

‘Mapping the Underworld’ is a UK-based project, which aims to create a multi-sensor device that combines complementary technologies for remote buried utility service detection and location. One of the technologies to be incorporated in the device is low-frequency vibro-acoustics, and techniques for detecting buried infrastructure, in particular plastic water pipes, are being investigated. One of the proposed techniques involves excitation of the pipe at some known location with concurrent vibrational mapping of the ground surface in order to infer the location of the remainder of the pipe. In this paper, measurements made on a dedicated pipe rig are reported. Frequency response measurements relating vibrational velocity on the ground to the input excitation were acquired. Contour plots of the unwrapped phase revealed the location of the pipe to within 0.1-0.2 m. Magnitude contour plots revealed the excitation point and also the location of the pipe end. By examining the unwrapped phase gradients along a line above the pipe, it was possible to identify the wave-type within the pipe responsible for the ground surface vibration. Furthermore, changes in the ground surface phase speed computed using this method enabled the location of the end of the pipe to be confirmed.     

Observations of vertical ground accelerations exceeding gravity during the 1997 Umbria-Marche (central Italy) earthquakes

We found extensive evidence that the vertical ground accelerations produced during the largest shock (M = 6.0) of the 1997 Umbria-Marche earthquake sequence exceeded 1g in two areas close to the heavily-damaged villages of Annifo and Colle Croce. This evidence comes from the striking observation of thousands of freshly fractured and broken rocks and stones in these areas. Some of the broken stones lie isolated on soft detritic soil while others had been previously piled up, probably a long time agoto clear the fields for farming. The freshness of the cuts and fractures and the consistency of the observations for thousands of rocks and stones in these areas indicate that these rocks were thrown upwards during the earthquake, with breakage occurring at the time of impact. Ground motion calculations consistent with the static deformation inferred from GPS and interferometry data, show that the broken stones and rocks are found in the zone where the strongest shaking took place during the earthquake and that most of the shaking there was vertical.