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921.
高山雷达站选址对估测降水的影响分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
高山雷达站天线高度对雷达的垂直探测范围影响较大,加之中小尺度灾害性天气演生、发展的关键区域在高度1500~4500 m左右,所以高山雷达站在选址时应考虑当地零度层平均高度和雷达的垂直探测范围。通过定量估测层状云降水的个例实践,发现探测高度会限制定量估测降水,探测高度对近距离降水估测影响较小,但对远距离降水估测影响较大,原因主要是雷达的垂直探测范围及当地零度层亮带高度的影响。故在高山雷达站选址中应考虑雷达的垂直探测范围及当地零度层亮带高度的影响,同时对已建设完成的高山天气雷达应考虑对高山雷达做0°仰角的观测可行性研究。 相似文献
922.
2004年9月2—6日四川盆地中东部发生了一次持续性强暴雨过程。利用时间平均合成分析方法对强暴雨维持期间 (9月3日20:00—5日08:00, 北京时) 的探测资料进行合成平均, 再对合成平均资料做诊断分析, 以揭示持续性强暴雨过程持续期的平均特征。诊断分析显示, 台风西进导致稳定的环流以及中低层大量的水汽输送为暴雨持续提供了背景条件。在时间平均流场上, 与暴雨相联系的中尺度系统十分显著, 它在对流层中低层表现为准东西向的中尺度辐合带, 在对流层高层表现为中尺度辐散带, 两者垂直耦合为深厚系统。此外, 在暴雨持续期间, 对流层低层大气运动表现出强烈的非平衡特征, 这种非平衡的动力强迫作用支撑着低层强辐合的维持。 相似文献
923.
924.
The correlation between ground motion intensity measures (IM) and single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) deformation demands is described in this study. Peak ground acceleration (APG), peak ground velocity (VPG), peak ground displacement (DPG), spectral acceleration at the first-mode period of vibration [As(T1)] and ratio of VPG to APG are used as IM parameters, and the correlation is characterized by correlation coefficients p. The numerical results obtained by nonlinear dynamic analyses have shown good correlation between As(T1) or VPG and deformation demands. Furthermore, the effect of As(T1) and VPG as IM on the dispersion of the mean value of deformation demands is also investigated for SDOF systems with three different periods T=0.3 s, 1.0 s, 3.0 s respectively. 相似文献
925.
Artificial ground motion compatible with specified peak velocity and target spectrum 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In this paper, a method, which synthesizes the artificial ground motion compatible with the specified peak velocity as well as the target acceleration response spectrum, was proposed. In this method, firstly, an initial acceleration time history α8^(0) (t), which satisfies the prescribed peak ground acceleration, the target spectral acceleration ST(ω, ζ),and the specified intensity envelope, is generated by the traditional method that generates the requency domain; secondly,α8^(0) (t)is further modulated by superimposing narrow-band time histories upon it in the time domain to make its peak velocity, approach the target peak ground velocity, and at the same time to improve its fitting precision to the target spectrum. Numerical examples show that this algorithm boasts high calculation precisions. 相似文献
926.
Introduction Based on the elastic theory of hard inclusion model proposed by Dobrovolskii (1991), we developed a rheologic inclusion model to study the spatial-temporal variation of earthquake pre-cursor by using the bulk-strain field resulted from rheologic inclusion model (SONG et al, 2000). Based on the elastic inclusion theory, the analytical expressions for the viscoelastic displacement field and strain field of rheologic inclusion model are derived (SONG et al, 2003, 2004). Further-m… 相似文献
927.
Introduction Scattering of incident waves by local topographies is one of the most attractive topics in the field of engineering seismology. They can be resolved by either a numerical method or an analyti-cal method. The numerical methods include finite difference method, finite element method, boundary element method, etc. The analytical method is the wave function expansion method. Al-though numerical methods can be used for arbitrary-shaped topographies, the analytical solutions are still … 相似文献
928.
Permafrost on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) is widespread, thin, and thermally unstable. Under a warming climate during the past few decades, it has been degrading extensively with generally rising ground temperatures, the deepening of the maximum summer thaw, and with lessening of the winter frost penetration. The permafrost has degraded downward, upward and laterally. Permafrost has thinned or, in some areas, has totally disappeared. The modes of permafrost degradation have great significance in geocryology, in cold regions engineering and in cold regions environmental management. Permafrost in the interior of the QTP is well represented along the Qing-hai-Tibet Highway (QTH), which crosses the Plateau through north to south and traverses 560 km of permafrost-impacted ground. Horizontally, the degradation of permafrost occurs more visibly in the sporadic permafrost zone in the vicinity of the lower limit of permafrost (LLP), along the margins of taliks, and around permafrost islands. Downward degradation develops when the maximum depth of seasonal thaw exceeds the maximum depth of seasonal frost, and it generally results in the formation of a layered talik disconnecting the permafrost from the seasonal frost layer. The downward degrada- tion is divided into four stages: 1) initial degradation, 2) accelerated degradation, 3) layered talik and 4) finally the conversion of permafrost to seasonally frozen ground (SFG). The upward degradation occurs when the geothermal gradient in permafrost drops to less than the geothermal gradients in the underlying thawed soil layers. Three types of permafrost temperature curves (stable, degrading, and phase-changing transitory permafrost) illustrate these modes. Although strong differentiations in local conditions and permafrost types exist, the various combinations of the three degradation modes will ultimately transform permafrost into SFG. Along the QTH, the downward degradation has been proceeding at annual rates of 6 to 25 cm, upward degradation at 12 to 30 cm, and lateral degradation in the sporadic permafrost zone at 62 to 94 cm during the last quarter century. These rates exceed the 4 cm per year for the past 20 years reported for the discontinuous permafrost zone in subarctic Alaska, the 3 to 7 cm per year reported in Mongolia, and that of the thaw-stable permafrost in subarctic Yakutia and Arctic Alaska. 相似文献
929.
In this paper we consider the procedures that, on the basis of an earthquake catalogue, yield the magnitude distribution function F
M
(F
M
generators). In particular, our attention is focused on the F
M
generators that are currently used in the frame of the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis at a site. From an engineering point of view, the behaviour of F
M
in the range of strong earthquakes is of crucial importance. On the other hand, in general, the statistical validation of F
M
in that range is not feasible because of an insufficient number of strong earthquakes in available catalogues.Our investigation is limited to the problem of the comparison between competing F
M
generators. We show that a simple empirical F
M
generator (called the CFP generator) can be more reliable than generators based on mathematical models. The numerical experiments that support this statement regards two test-sites and two mathematical models of magnitude distribution, namely the truncated-exponential and the characteristic-type models.The main conclusion is the suggestion of a test (called the CFP-test) that can be summarized as follows. Let X be a site for which, with current criteria, a specific F
M
X
generator based on a mathematical model has been selected. At this point, following the comparison approach described in the paper, the F
M
X
generator is compared with the empirical CFP generator. It can happen (actually it happens in many of our numerical experiments) that this test indicates the CFP generator as more reliable than the selected F
M
X
generator. 相似文献
930.
Arthur Rodgers Hrvoje Tkalcic David McCallen Shawn Larsen Catherine Snelson 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2006,163(1):55-80
We report site response in Las Vegas Valley (LVV) from historical recordings of Nevada Test Site (NTS) nuclear explosions
and earthquake recordings from permanent and temporary seismic stations. Our data set significantly improves the spatial coverage
of LVV over previous studies, especially in the northern, deeper parts of the basin. Site response at stations in LVV was
measured for frequencies in the range 0.2–5.0 Hz using Standard Spectral Ratios (SSR) and Horizontal-Vertical Spectral Ratios
(HVR). For the SSR measurements we used a reference site (approximately NEHRP B ``rock' classification) located on Frenchman
Mountain outside the basin. Site response at sedimentary sites is variable in LVV with average amplifications approaching
a factor of 10 at some frequencies. We observed peaks in the site response curves at frequencies clustered near 0.6, 1.2 and
2.0 Hz, with some sites showing additional lower amplitude peaks at higher frequencies. The spatial pattern of site response
is strongly correlated with the reported depth to basement for frequencies between 0.2 and 3.0 Hz, although the frequency
of peak amplification does not show a similar correlation. For a few sites where we have geotechnical shear velocities, the
amplification shows a correlation with the average upper 30-meter shear velocities, V30. We performed two-dimensional finite difference simulations and reproduced the observed peak site amplifications at 0.6 and
1.2 Hz with a low velocity near-surface layer with shear velocities 600–750 m/s and a thickness of 100–200 m. These modeling
results indicate that the amplitude and frequencies of site response peaks in LVV are strongly controlled by shallow velocity
structure. 相似文献