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青藏高原北缘公格尔山地区地形梯度的剖析

本文以青藏高原北缘西昆仑山脉的公格尔山地区为试验区域,基于SRTM-DEM数据,采用线状地形剖面和带状地形剖面的研究方法,对试验区从公格尔山顶到塔里木盆地的地形梯度进行了研究,并探讨了地形梯度与隆升过程之间的关系。研究结果表明:(1)线状地形剖面清晰直观,操作简单;带状剖面法能较好地反映区域的地形起伏状况。若将两种方法联合起来共同进行区域地形研究,则会获得更好效果。(2)从塔里木盆地到公格尔山顶,地形抬升共分3个梯度:分别是从海拔高度2 000m左右上升到约4 500m,从约4 500m上升到将近6 000m,从将近6000m上升到约7500m。地形抬升的不同梯度可能对应着公格尔山晚新生代地貌形成过程的不同隆升过程;而每个抬升梯度的拐点,则对应着不同隆升过程形成海拔高度的分界点。     

苏北盆地油田封存二氧化碳潜力初探

油田二氧化碳封存是减少温室气体排放量最有效的途径之一,油藏中封存CO2 主要有构造地层储存、束缚气储存、 溶解储存和矿化储存等四种方式,CO2 在油藏中的地质储存容量采用国际上通用的资源储量金字塔理论来进行潜力评价。 本文通过分析油田CO2 封存机理,结合江苏省苏北盆地的地质和构造条件,对苏北盆地油田进行CO2 封存潜力研究。苏北 盆地油田多为低渗透和含水油藏,在储存CO2 的潜力上,东台坳陷优于盐阜坳陷,次级单元中又以高邮凹陷、金湖凹陷封 存CO2 潜力最大,一系列小型构造单元比较适合于CO2 封存,并有利于后期的保存。在封盖能力上,苏北盆地在垂向上有 明显的两分性,下部上白垩系和古新统盖层相对上部始新统盖层对CO2 封盖性更好。估算得到苏北盆地油田埋存CO2 的理 论储存容量为1.5054×108 t,有效储存容量为0.0828×108 t~0.4421×108 t,表明苏北油田封存CO2 的潜力较大。     

东疆地区某氧化铜矿选矿试验研究

对新疆东疆地区某氧化铜矿石进行选别试验,确定该氧化铜矿选别流程为一粗二扫一精：选别的最佳条件为：磨矿细度90％;粗选硫化钠用量2500g／t;BX与丁胺黑药组合使用做捕收剂,用量分别为3500g／t和850g／t;2#油用量106g／t.铜精矿品位25．76％,回收率73.51％.     

四川那朗地区多金属矿化地质及激电特征

四川那朗地区地处三江成矿带,区内出露三叠系灰岩、板岩及火山岩,有闪长岩岩株侵入其中,地表见铁帽。岩体蚀变分带明显。通过激发极化法工作,由视极化率处理后异常显示,原始数据圈出了激电异常,推测为铁帽下部之矿（化）致异常。     

山东省地温梯度分布特征研究

在充分搜集山东省区域地质、构造地质、地热地质及地热遥感解译资料等基础上,开展了山东省地温场现状调查、1∶50万地热遥感解译和测温工作,根据收集资料程度,提出计算地温梯度的方法,计算了整个研究区地温梯度;评价了各个地热区地温梯度的分布规律,并从大地构造、基岩起伏、岩浆活动、地层岩性、断裂构造、地下水活动等方面分析了影响地温场分布的因素,讨论了浅部地温场与深部构造的关系,总结了研究区各区地温梯度的分布特征。     

Fish Assemblage Responses to a Low-head Dam Removal in the Lancang River

Dam removal is becoming an effective approach for aquatic biodiversity restoration in damming river in order to balance the aquatic ecosystem conservation with large-scale cascade damming. However, the effects of dam removal on fish communities in Asian mountainous rivers, which are dominated by Cypriniformes fishes, are still not well known. To determine whether dam removal on a mountainous river benefit restoration of fish diversity, we investigated the response of fish assemblage to dam removal using a before-after-control-impact design in two tributaries of the Lancang River(dam removal river: the Jidu River, and control river: the Fengdian River). Fish surveys were conducted one year prior to dam removal(2012) and three years(2013–2015) following dam removal. We observed rapidly and notably spatio-temporal changes in fish biodiversity metrics and assemblage structure, occurring in the Jidu River within the first year after dam removal. Overall, fish species richness, density and Shannon-Wiener diversity all increased immediately in above-and below-dam sites, and maintained a stable level in subsequent years, compared to unchanged situation in the control river. All sites in the Jidu River experienced shifts in fish composition after dam removal, with the greatest temporal changes occurred in sites below-and above-the former dam, resulting in a temporal homogenization tendency in the dam removed river. These findings suggest that dam removal can benefit the recovery of habitat conditions and fish community in Asian mountainous rivers, but the results should be further evaluated when apply to other dammed rivers since the dam age, fluvial geomorphology and situation of source populations could all affect the responses of fish assemblages.     

State studies of Earth's plasmasphere: A review

The plasmasphere sandwiched between the ionosphere and the outer magnetosphere is populated by up flow of ionospheric cold (∼1 eV) and dense plasma along geomagnetic field lines. Recent observations from various instruments onboard IMAGE and CLUSTER spacecrafts have made significant advances in our understanding of plasma density irregularities, plume formation, erosion and refilling of the plasmasphere, presence of thermal structures in the plasmasphere and existence of radiation belts. Still modeling work and more observational data are required for clear understanding of plasmapause formation, existence of various sizes and shapes of density structures inside the plasmasphere as well as on the surface of the plasmapause, plasmasphere filling and erosion processes; which are important in understanding the relation of the process proceeding in the Sun and solar wind to the processes observed in the Earth's atmosphere and ionosphere.     

应用地形信息精化山区大地水准面

在介绍由高程异常确定大地水准面有关理论的同时,提出了用地形质量计算重力异常垂直梯度的方法,结合高程异常资料,可以使山区大地水准面得到精化。将本方法应用于珠穆朗玛峰,获得其大地水准面高为－ ３０．３６ ｍ 。     

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