与全球变化有关的几个北极海洋地质问题

极地区域是全球变化研究的重点区域 ,在北极地区与全球变化有关的地质问题主要是北极地区的海陆变化对全球变化的影响 ,以及全球变化在地层中的记录。这涉及到北极形态变化及与其它大洋沟通的水道开闭情况 ,地形起伏对大气、大洋环流的影响 ,地壳升降与海平面变化对河流流量和海岸稳定性的影响 ,气体水合物及有机碳等变化对全球碳循环的影响 ,以及这些影响与气候变化信息在极地沉积物中的记录。文章在对上述影响及海洋地质研究状况进行探讨后 ,又简要介绍了中国的首次北极考察海洋地质研究状况     

四阶△－∑过抽样电路原理及其在微弱地学信号检测中的应用

传统的测量电路无法解决诸如海底大地电磁场这样微弱地学信号的检测问题。近几年诞生了一种称之为△-∑的电路理论以及相应的硬件芯片，给微伏级的弱信号检测开辟一条新的技术路径。文章介绍与地学探测有关的一种△-∑电路类型，该类型以低频段微弱信号为检测对象。采用系统理论和电路分析方法对△-∑原理作了较深入的讨论，阐明这种电路技术对提高微弱信号观测的分辨率是有效的。结合海底大地电磁探测中的信号采集问题，介绍了在仪器中把多路的被测模拟量变为数字量的技术过程。经对实际采集的海底信息的频谱曲线进行分析，证实所采用的△-∑技术以及多路信号采集的电路方案是合理的。     

神头泉流量变化规律研究--灰色系统理论的具体应用

在分析神头泉流量衰减特征的前提下，利用灰色系统理论建立了描述神头泉流量变化规律的数学模型。以1985年为界，神头泉的流量变化过程可分为两个阶段，GM（1，1）模型与灰色预测校正模型则分别用于对这两个阶段的流量变化特征进行刻画。神头泉2000－2004年的流量预测值表明，在神头泉域保证90年代中期的高降水量和朔州市各地下水用户对泉域内的地下水不进行超采的基础上，神头泉的流量在未来的一段时间内会维持1993年以来的增长趋势。     

海拉尔盆地含油气系统

海拉尔盆地为中－新生代的断陷－坳陷型盆地，其发育演化主要经历了地壳隆起、断陷、坳陷、萎缩四个阶段。根据对成藏要素分析，确定出以凹陷为单元的三类含油气系统，各含油气系统都有各自的形成和分布规律。按其空间展布，又可划分为同期并列式、同期交叉式、异期叠合式三种组合形式。这些形式的有效组合，构成了海拉尔盆地内有利的油气聚集带。     

EH-4系统观测资料的非远区场校正研究

EH－4系统实测的卡尼亚视电阻率在非远区场时应作必要的校正。基于导出的EH－4系统的卡尼亚电阻率ρxy和ρyx的表达式，采用多项式分段逼近的方法，建立EH－4系统测深数据的全频域的视电阻率算法。根据建立的算法对均匀大地、二层大地和三层大地模型的EH－4系统测深数据进行非远区场校正的结果表明：均匀大地时，全频域的视电阻率与真电阻率吻合很好，D型、K型和Q型断面的视电阻率曲线与MT法的接近，G型、H型和A型的视电阻率曲线得到很大改善。     

MAPGIS管网开发平台的设计

设计了一个通用的管线信息系统开发平台。该开发平台构筑于大型GIS基础软件MAPGIS之上，具有完备的数据模型，强大的数据包容能力。采用多层次体系结构，包含网络数据管理与网络分析、管网工作区管理、专业管网工作区管理、管网工程管理、管网实用服务工具包、管网管理类库和控件库等多个模块。该开发平台同时支持API和组件接口，二次开发便利灵活，可以较好地满足管网应用系统的。在该平台基础上已开发出多个成功的管网信息系统，证明它具有广泛的应用前景。     

川滇密西西比河谷型铅锌矿床成矿流体来源研究:流体Na-Cl-Br体系的证据

应用流体包裹体滤液分析方法，测定了川滇7个MVT铅锌矿床成矿流体的Na,Cl,Br含量，结果表明成矿流体的x(Na/Br)和x(Cl/Br)的平均值分别为185和73，并与高度蒸发浓缩的残留海水的x(Na/Br)和x(Cl/Br)相近。成矿流体的Na,Cl含量呈正相关，在lgNa-lgCl图解中呈线性分布。根据这些事实以及矿床地质特征，认为原始成矿卤水起源于蒸发浓缩的残留海水，原始含矿卤水与富含有机质的大气降水混合导致矿质沉淀而成矿。     

县市级政府决策信息系统的开发应用:专业GIS 软件SK set V4 .0功能介绍———以贵州沿河土家族自治县资源遥感信息系统为例

SK setV4.0是中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所GIS中心2001年4月开发成功的、具有自主板权的专业GIS平台软件。它集成了现今较为先进的组件、控件重用，面向对象编程等技术，并以美国Inprise公司的BorladnC^ Builder编译软件为开发平台，提供了全中文菜单环境，不仅具有基本信息和多图层查询、相关分析动态监测、多因子分析、图斑编辑、自动演示、系统维护等功能，而且还具有快速响应的工具条、友好的对话框和较强的纠错机制，很适合缺乏专业GIS人才的县市级政府管理部门使用。文中还以贵州省沿河县资源遥感信息系统为例，对SK setV4.0的功能和使用方法进行了具体的介绍。     

Division of Gas Accumulation System and Laws Controlling Distribution of Natural Gas in Typical Petroliferous Basins of China

Considering the existing problems of the petroleum system, this paper brings forward the concept of natural gas accumulation system and presents the dividing principles. Then detailed statistics on the accumulation factors of the 32 typical natural gas accumulation systems in China and studies on the laws controlling distribution of gas are collected. The research shows that the petroleum accumulation system is the basic unit controlling petroleum generation, migration and accumulation. Generating intensity, generating amount, accumulating efficiency and migration distance plays an important role in the distribution of natural gas. Through analysis on results of resources evaluation, discovered reserves and residual reserves, potential areas in middle-scaled petroliferous basins in China are forecasted in this paper. Ordos, Sichuan, Tarim and Qaidam basins are found out to be the main basins developing and enriching gas accumulation systems.     

Carbonate platform evolution: from a bioconstructed platform margin to a sand-shoal system (Devonian, Guilin, South China)

ABSTRACT The depositional organization and architecture of the middle–late Devonian Yangdi rimmed carbonate platform margin in the Guilin area of South China were related to oblique, extensional faulting in a strike‐slip setting. The platform margin shows two main stages of construction in the late Givetian to Frasnian, with a bioconstructed margin evolving into a sand‐shoal system. In the late Givetian, the platform margin was rimmed with microbial buildups composed mainly of cyanobacterial colonies (mostly Renalcis and Epiphyton). These grew upwards and produced an aggradational (locally slightly retrogradational) architecture with steep foreslope clinoforms. Three depositional sequences (S3–S5) are recognized in the upper Givetian strata, which are dominated by extensive microbialites. Metre‐scale depositional cyclicity occurs in most facies associations, except in the platform‐margin buildups and upper foreslope facies. In the latest Givetian (at the top of sequence S5), relative platform uplift (± subaerial exposure) and associated rapid basin subsidence (probably a block‐tilting effect) caused large‐scale platform collapse and slope erosion to give local scalloped embayments along the platform margin and the synchronous demise of microbial buildups. Subsequently, sand shoals and banks composed of ooids and peloids and, a little later, stromatoporoid buildups on the palaeohighs, developed along the platform margin, from which abundant loose sediment was transported downslope to form gravity‐flow deposits. Another strong tectonic episode caused further platform collapse in the early Frasnian (at the top of sequence S6), leading to large‐scale breccia release and the death of the stromatoporoid buildups. Siliceous facies (banded cherts and siliceous shales) were then deposited extensively in the basin centre as a result of the influx of hydrothermal fluids. The platform‐margin sand‐shoal/bank system, possibly with gullies on the slope, persisted into the latest Frasnian until the restoration of microbial buildups. Four sequences (S6–S9), characterized by abundant sand‐shoal deposits on the margin and gravity‐flow and hemipelagic deposits on the slope, are distinguished in the Frasnian strata. Smaller‐scale depositional cyclicity is evident in all facies associations across the platform–slope–basin transect. The distinctive depositional architecture and evolution of this Yangdi Platform are interpreted as having been controlled mainly by regional tectonics with contributions from eustasy, environmental factors, oceanographic setting, biotic and sedimentary fabrics.