漳州地热田基岩裂隙水系统温度分布特征

为研究漳州地热田基岩裂隙水系统温度分布特征,建立了新的三维基岩裂隙水系统概念模型,并利用Fluent软件求解模型。结果表明:基岩裂隙热水温度场受到断裂区的强烈控制,在北东—南西向断裂中,强烈对流形成的高温热柱刺穿了基岩顶部形成热田高温中心;基岩热流在断裂区中部高温区达到最大,在北东—南西方向上最大值为343.02mW/m2,在北西—南东方向最大值为368.72mW/m2,并向边缘逐渐降低;第四系孔隙水的存在和运动使得地表热流的最大值和局部值降低。未来漳州热田应加强深部温度的测量研究。     

四川宜宾金沙江河谷区地热资源成藏条件分析

[摘 要] 本文从地热地质背景、水文地质条件、构造条件、热储条件等几方面对金沙江宜宾段河谷区 的地热成藏条件及开发潜力进行了较为深入的论述。研究表明:该区的古地理环境有利于地表水向深部 补给、运移、往更纵深循环以及形成与深部热储充分进行热交换,有利于形成保持相对封闭的热水构造,使 深部地热水处于承压状态;热储层盖层对地下热水具有良好的保温防热扩散作用,且阻隔浅层地表水向下 运移;东西向断裂与南北向断裂或与NE、NW 向断裂的多方向构造的交切复合部位为深部地热水向上运 移排泄的极为有利构造部位;区内地下热水其热源主要是地热增温,大气降水经由深循环加热,与深部热 储层岩石进行充分的热交换,温泉水以补给地高、运移途径长、循环深、滞留时间长为特征。     

Thermal sensitivity analysis of emplacement of the magma chamber in Los Humeros caldera,Puebla, Mexico

We present results of our simulation study of the effects of the depth (top of the magma chamber at 5–10 km) and volume (1000–1400 km³) of the primary heat source beneath the Los Humeros caldera. The thermal gradient in the vicinity of the magma chamber calculated from the temperature excess (difference between the simulated and the initial temperatures prior to emplacement of the magma) is more sensitive to its depth of intrusion than to its volume. This relationship was quantified from multiple linear regression equations. The temperature excess at 2–3 km depth due to the emplacement of magma and its conductive cooling is also more dependent on the chamber depth than on its volume. Therefore, in the study of calderas, volcanoes, and geothermal fields, constraining the chamber depth is more important than its volume. Similarly, comparison of the thermal regime inferred along vertical and horizontal profiles shows the importance of solving the thermal transport equations in three dimensions instead of one or two dimensions.     

The Mazarrón basin,SE Spain: a study of mineralization processes,evolving magmatic series,and geothermal activity

The Miocene to Present Mazarrón basin provides a window on the metallogenic role of an evolving magmatic series. High-K calc–alkaline magmas gave rise to an important cluster of Pb–Zn–Ag–Cu vein and stockwork deposits emplaced in dacitic to rhyodacitic domes, part of a complex volcanic–metallogenic province (Au, Hg, Pb–Zn–Cu–Ag, Sn) stretching for ～150 km along the Mediterranean coast of SE Spain. By Pliocene time the former magmatic series had been replaced by intraplate alkaline basaltic volcanism, thus becoming the southern branch of the Western/Central Europe alkaline province. In terms of base metal sulphide deposits, this European province is barren, although it triggered widespread, CO₂-rich geothermal activity. Modern geothermal activity at El Saladillo (Mazarrón) resulted in the deposition of carbonate sinter deposits and formation of microbial mats. Proximal facies consist of millimetric to centimetric multicoloured layers of microbial mats, including yellow-orange thin bands of calcified bacteria and mineral growths of aragonite and calcite; green layers of live thermophilic Lyngbya-type cyanobacteria; black, degraded organic matter; and pyrite as the sole sulphide phase. Except for arsenic (37–63 μg g^?1), all of the studied trace elements (Ag, Ba, Bi, Cd, Cu, Pb, Sb, Se, and Sn) appear in remarkably low concentrations in the geothermal sinters. This is consistent with compositional data for the El Saladillo waters, with no significant metal concentrations. We present the first conceptual model (Miocene to Present) for the ore-forming processes, magmatism, CO₂ degasification, and geothermal activity for this realm. We argue that the time- and space-limited character of this volcanism (small, scattered outcrops), the deep magma emplacement level, the metal sulphide behaviour in alkaline basaltic magmatic chambers, and the dry character of these magmas prevented any metallogenic interaction between the chambers and the much shallower meteoric waters that drove the El Saladillo geothermal system and others of the same kind in Spain and elsewhere in Europe.     

Solute and gas geothermometry of geothermal wells: a geochemometrics study for evaluating the effectiveness of geothermometers to predict deep reservoir temperatures

Deep reservoir temperatures of 10 important geothermal systems of the world were estimated by applying 13 solute (Na/K) and 21 gas geothermometers. The predicted temperatures were comprehensively evaluated and compared with measured bottom-hole temperatures using geochemometric techniques. The present study reveals (1) high prediction performances in most of the Na/K geothermometers for the majority of the geothermal fields with liquid-dominated reservoirs, whereas low prediction performances were indicated for the geothermal fields with vapour-dominated and high-temperature reservoirs; (2) the gas geothermometers, in comparison to Na/K, are more successful in predicting the subsurface temperatures in high-temperature geothermal systems; (3) the geothermal systems for which Na/K geothermometers have indicated a high prediction performance, the gas geothermometers have specified a low prediction performances, and vice versa; (4) both Na/K and gas geothermometers, generally, overestimated the reservoir temperatures for the majority of the low-enthalpy geothermal fields and underestimated for the majority of the high-enthalpy geothermal fields; (5) the reservoir temperature predictions of gas geothermometers have more scatter than those temperatures inferred from Na/K geothermometers; and (6) in general, Na/K geothermometers seem to be a more successful geochemical tool in predicting reliable reservoir temperatures than gas geothermometers.     

初论地球自然灾害系统

在地核和太阳强大的热能驱动下,开放的地球系统固液气态物质发生不同尺度的循环运动。流体运动是地球物质运动的主导因子。地球不均匀热结构导致流体不均匀流动,涉及固流气耦合、天地耦合、地气耦合、洋陆耦合和盆山耦合,产生能量链、物质链、结构链、事件链、资源链、能源链、灾害链和环境链。地球内部热动力及其相关的重力、应力、引潮力联合作用于地球某个特殊部位,形成一系列具有成因联系、时空联系、前兆联系的自然灾害。通过灾害链的时空结构和有成因联系的前兆异常可以预测灾害,能够有效地防灾。地热异常区与灾害多发区吻合。在合适的构造部位系统开发地热和地气,能够有效地减灾和减排,并彻底改善能源结构,消除能源危机。     

共和盆地地热能分布特征与聚集机制分析

位处青藏高原北部的青海省共和盆地,是一个自中生代以来形成的断陷盆地,周界由深大活动断裂控制,其内堆积有大厚度的第四纪和新近纪地层,揭露厚度达900～1440m,基底由印支期花岗岩组成,调（勘）查资料显示,盆地内具有热流值较高的特征,基底花岗岩地热梯度大于5℃,热异常明显。青藏高原宽频地震探测资料显示,共和盆地所在的东昆仑地块上地幔存在着一条宽达150km的低速带,其与巴颜喀拉地块深地幔中以大型低速异常体为特征的地幔热柱相关联,该低速带延伸到地壳,在共和盆地及其周边一带地表以下1～40km的不同部位形成热流异常区,导致在盆地浅部形成丰富的以干热岩、地下热水为主的地下热能资源,其不仅在城镇供暖方面具有现实推广意义,而且在发电等能源利用中潜力巨大。     

钻探施工中钻杆折断事故原因分析及预防建议

针对钻探施工中不断发生的钻杆折断事故,通过断钻实例分析了事故产生的原因,提出了预防或减少事故发生的措施及建议。     

综合物探方法在鞍山市某地热田外围地热勘查中的应用

辽宁省鞍山市某地热田外围的接替资源勘查关系到该区旅游疗养产业的可持续发展。通过采用联合剖面法、浅层地震反射波法、瞬变电磁法3种物探方法在该地热田外围进行地热资源勘查,发现1处新的地热资源。勘查区ZK1孔深877m,降深18.8m,出水量350m3/d,最高水温61.2℃,表明该勘查区具有良好的地下热水资源,由此证明采用综合物探方法对探查地下深部热水资源的有效性。