天津市控沉钻探现状

结合天津市地面下沉情况，介绍了用于控制沉降的工程地质钻探的主要工作及回灌井的施工情况。     

西藏羊应乡地热田形成特点及评价探讨

羊应乡地热田内出露的有关岩石，在地表以火山熔岩和火山碎屑岩为主，地表以下则有大量黑云母花岗斑岩分布。热田的形成与火成岩有较密切的关系，地表热显示的类型多种多样，有热泉、沸泉、沸喷泉、喷气孔、冒气地面和泉华等。根据其出露特征可分为四个区。经铀系法测定其水热活动的同位素年龄为１４．６Ｍａ左右，结合地层对比，认为水热活动时间为中更新世晚期。区内近Ｓ—Ｎ向的主要大断裂和两组次一级的断裂是水热活动的主要通道和主要控热构造裂隙。初步认为热田应属与岩浆活动有关的地热田、目前热田处于产热与散热大致平衡或散热略大于产热的基本平衡状态，探明的热水温度已高达２０７℃。     

地热规模化开发断层滑动概率评估——以雄安新区深部岩溶热储为例

雄安新区地热资源丰富，具有广阔的规模化开发利用前景，对于实现"绿色雄安"具有重要意义。许多学者的研究集中在地质结构探测、地热资源量评价、地壳稳定性等方面，关于深部岩溶热储规模化开发可能引起的断层滑动研究薄弱。本文在地热地质综合调查的基础上，基于地质力学理论，采用蒙特卡罗随机模拟方法，评价雄安新区主要断层特征（走向、倾角、滑动摩擦系数等）、地应力分布（孔隙压力、最大/最小/垂直主应力大小及方向等），量化雄安新区天然断层在规模化开发利用情况下的激活可能性，结果显示已探明断层在天然、规模化回灌和水力压裂条件下的最大滑动趋势分别为0.26、0.27和0.40，地热开发不会引起断层激活。本研究树立了地热规模化开发的信心，可为雄安新区地热资源安全利用提供支撑。     

冰岛区域地质及矿产资源特征

冰岛是欧洲的第二大岛屿,在成因类型上,是由于地幔柱上涌而形成的碱性玄武岩区,属于周期性的海底岩浆活动和海底火山喷发而形成的火山岛。全岛主要由玄武岩组成,并可分为4个主要地层单元,分别为中新世—早上新世岩层、晚上新世—早更新世岩层、晚更新世岩层及冰后期岩层。构造方面,冰岛火山断裂系统发育,可分为3个火山侧翼带和4个火山裂谷带。冰岛地热资源极丰富,其具有分布广、类型多、温度高、地热流体多为淡水等特征。近年来,冰岛发现了一系列金矿(化)点,主要分布在冰岛沿海地区,可分为3个成矿带,与地热系统具有密切的时空分布关系,成因类型多为浅成低温热液型金矿床,与中国新疆西天山地区阿希金矿床具有相似的成矿环境和地质特征。在系统收集前人资料的基础上,简要介绍了冰岛地质特征及演化历史,阐述了冰岛地热、金矿资源分布规律,旨在为中国地质科技人员了解冰岛的地质和矿产资源特征提供参考依据。     

Seismic Anisotropy Observations in the Mexicali Valley,Baja California,México

A study of seismic anisotropy was performed using data from earthquakes of the Mexicali Valley. The investigated region encompasses the Cerro Prieto Geothermal Field (CPGF), one of the most important fields in the world. The results showed that at most of our stations the average polarization directions of the fast S waves range from N14°W to N17°E. A N-S polarization direction was obtained for the whole area by averaging the polarization directions from all stations used. In terms of the EDA hypothesis, this average trend agrees with the postulated state of stress for southern California, and with fault plane solutions for events of the Mexicali Valley. Notorious deviations from the N-S global trend were found southeast of the CPGF, with polarization trends between N25°E and N67°E, and in the geothermal field, with polarization directions between N7°W and N14°W. The polarization results for these zones indicated stress conditions that are different from the more regional stress pattern. The delay times that were measured between the fast and slow shear waves reached values of up to 0.6 sec, with a mean value of 0.35 sec. Consistent with our polarization results, the larger delay times (0.2–0.6 sec) were found in the CPGF. Smaller or null values were observed at the periphery of the study area. No temporal trends in the delay times were apparent, as shown by data from the two stations that recorded the larger number of events. Overall, we conclude that the splitting effects of this study result from a shallow anisotropy volume. The splitting results are thus interpreted as caused by the preferred orientation of vertical fluid-filled microcracks aligned in a direction that is parallel to the regional stress field. The stronger splitting effects that were observed in the area of the CPGF were found consistent with the geothermal reservoir that is embedded in the sedimentary cover of the zone, at depths of 1 to 4–5 km from the surface. We thus believe that such marked splitting effects have a direct relation with the reservoir of the CPGF.We are grateful to Miguel Navarro, Tito Valdez, and Manuel Luna for their contribution in the operation of RANM and for processing and cataloguing the strong-motion data. Ignacio Méndez and Francisco Farfán helped us with data from the RESNOM system. The study benefited from funding provided by CICESE and from grants awarded by CONACYT to Luis Munguía (Grants F195T and PCCNCNA-031339).     

New recognitions to genesis and exploitation of the Xuxi River in Jiangsu Province

Along the north bank of the Xuxi River, the sand-intercalated-muddy gravel layer from -3.7~-5.8 m in the borehole 7508 at the East Dam and the middle, coarse and fine sand layer with a thickness of 4.5 m at the lower part of the borehole 8179 between the East Dam and the West Dam indicate that a large natural river was here before the Kingdom of Wu excavated the Xuxi Canal. The existence of Neolithic sites such as Xuecheng, Chaoduntou and Xiajiadang along the Xuxi River and the silt layer with dozens of meters archived under the earth's surface within a range of 1 km along both banks are the even more important evidences for the existence of the ancient Zhongjiang River. The floodgate of the East Dam nowadays makes against the communication between the Shuiyangjiang River and the Taihu Lake. The authors suggest the canal between Wuhu and Taihu Lake should be excavated as soon as possible, namely, the navigation channel from Wuhu through Guchenghu Lake, Xuxi River, East Dam, Liyang, Yixing to Taihu Lake should be further widen and the deposits composed of slope wash on the watershed between Shuiyangjiang River and Taihu Lake should be dredged away. Then, the channel journey can be shortened, the boats in ship transportation on the Yangtze River can be shunted to ensure the security of shipping, the resources of sand and gravel in the old river channel can be exploited and the dike of the Yangtze River can be reinforced. So, the problems of irrigation, flood diversion, pollution abatement and drainage of flooded fields in the lower Yangtze River will be resolved. Then, the above methods can impel the sustainable development of the Xuxi River and Taihu Lake area.     

第四纪钻孔基本属性管理系统的AO实现方法研究

第四纪钻孔与基础地质、水文地质钻孔有所不同，常有更为复杂的测试和实验资料。从第四纪钻孔的基本特征出发，讨论了ArcGIS平台下利用ArcObjects(AO)进行第四纪钻孔属性管理系统的开发，简要说明了系统具有的功能及特色。实践表明，AO具有开发简单、快速、高效、易于扩展等特点，是在ArcGIS上进行相关信息系统研制的有效工具。     

矿井巷道钻孔注浆治理煤层底板突水实录——以治理新安石寺煤矿煤层底板突水为例

分析了矿井巷道煤层底板突水的影响因素，这些因素是突水治理工艺选择的基础。对矿井巷道钻孔注浆工艺进行了简要讨论。最后介绍了钻孔注浆堵水工艺流程和工艺参数。     

松散地层钻孔涌水量预报方法研究

本文在讨论岩土饱和度与视电阻率关系的基础上,采用数理统计方法对天水盆地20口井的钻孔涌水量和视电阻率数据进行分析,建立了该地区松散层钻孔涌水量预报回归模型.选用一眼供水井实测数据对预报回归模型进行检验,实际涌水量与模拟值比较,两者相对误差为8.9%;进而采用该回归模型对其它供水井涌水量进行了预报,实际涌水量与预报值相比较,相对误差分别为7.0%、29.5%.结果表明,在河谷潜水井施工中,所建立的涌水量预报回归模型可在成井、抽水前预先估算钻孔涌水量,为地质与钻探决策提供了一定科学依据.