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141.
142.
依据地热资料研究天然气水合物稳定带厚度在东海海域的分布情况。东海在地质构造上位于新生代环太平洋构造带西部边缘岛弧的内侧,又是欧亚板块、太平洋板块和菲律宾海板块的相互作用带。依据国际热流委员会(IHFC)提供的东海地热数据,经过统计确定出该区域的热流分布,热流平均值为121·0mW/m2,最小值为73·0mW/m2,最大值为168·0mW/m2。同时利用天然气水合物温压模型计算了稳定带厚度,数据显示稳定带厚度平均值为92·2m,最小值为1·4m,最大值为190·6m,薄于其他已经发现的海洋天然气水合物稳定带厚度(约400m)。天然气水合物大部分分布在条件适宜的陆坡和岛坡上,冲绳海槽底部水合物稳定带厚度相对较薄。统计分析表明本区热流值与水合物稳定带厚度相关性很差,相关系数仅有0·12。这是由于天然气水合物所在海域水深较浅时,海底温度的变化迫使运算所应用的非线性方程影响因子迅速积累,从而导致相关系数降低。最后结合东海陆坡的地质条件,探讨了在天然气水合物存在的情况下,陆坡失稳的可能性及其造成的环境影响。 相似文献
143.
Permafrost on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) is widespread, thin, and thermally unstable. Under a warming climate during the past few decades, it has been degrading extensively with generally rising ground temperatures, the deepening of the maximum summer thaw, and with lessening of the winter frost penetration. The permafrost has degraded downward, upward and laterally. Permafrost has thinned or, in some areas, has totally disappeared. The modes of permafrost degradation have great significance in geocryology, in cold regions engineering and in cold regions environmental management. Permafrost in the interior of the QTP is well represented along the Qing-hai-Tibet Highway (QTH), which crosses the Plateau through north to south and traverses 560 km of permafrost-impacted ground. Horizontally, the degradation of permafrost occurs more visibly in the sporadic permafrost zone in the vicinity of the lower limit of permafrost (LLP), along the margins of taliks, and around permafrost islands. Downward degradation develops when the maximum depth of seasonal thaw exceeds the maximum depth of seasonal frost, and it generally results in the formation of a layered talik disconnecting the permafrost from the seasonal frost layer. The downward degrada- tion is divided into four stages: 1) initial degradation, 2) accelerated degradation, 3) layered talik and 4) finally the conversion of permafrost to seasonally frozen ground (SFG). The upward degradation occurs when the geothermal gradient in permafrost drops to less than the geothermal gradients in the underlying thawed soil layers. Three types of permafrost temperature curves (stable, degrading, and phase-changing transitory permafrost) illustrate these modes. Although strong differentiations in local conditions and permafrost types exist, the various combinations of the three degradation modes will ultimately transform permafrost into SFG. Along the QTH, the downward degradation has been proceeding at annual rates of 6 to 25 cm, upward degradation at 12 to 30 cm, and lateral degradation in the sporadic permafrost zone at 62 to 94 cm during the last quarter century. These rates exceed the 4 cm per year for the past 20 years reported for the discontinuous permafrost zone in subarctic Alaska, the 3 to 7 cm per year reported in Mongolia, and that of the thaw-stable permafrost in subarctic Yakutia and Arctic Alaska. 相似文献
144.
Determination of Porosity and Permeability out of Dispersion Analyses of Borehole Wall Displacements
Waves carried in the borehole can be measured by the use of controlled sources inside the borehole and receivers located in
the same borehole as well. This article gives the theoretical background and develops a new method to determine rock-physical
parameters out of such controlled measurements of waves carried inside the borehole. Theoretical dispersion curves of the
group velocities are matched to dispersion analyses of registrations obtained in the borehole. This inversion process intends
to determine the in situ porosity and permeability of the rock. 相似文献
145.
V. Čermák J. Šafanda L. Bodri M. Yamano E. Gordeev 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2006,50(4):675-695
To reconstruct the recent climate history in Kamchatka, a series of repeated precise temperature logs were performed in a
number of boreholes located in a broad east-west strip (between 52 and 54°N) in the central part of Kamchatka west of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski.
Within three years more than 30 temperature logs were performed in 10 holes (one up to six logs per hole) to the depth of
up to 400 metres. Measured temperature gradients varied in a broad interval 0 to 60 mK/m and in some holes a sizeable variation
in the subsurface temperatures due to advective heat transport by underground water was observed. Measured data were compared
with older temperature profiles obtained in the early eighties by Sugrobov and Yanovsky (1993). Even when older data are of
poorer precision (accuracy of about 0.1 K), they presented valuable information of the subsurface temperature conditions existing
20–25 years ago. Borehole observations and the inverted ground surface temperature histories (GSTHs) used for the paleoclimate
reconstruction were complemented with a detailed survey of meteorological data. Namely, the long-term surface air temperature
(SAT) and precipitation records from Petropavlovsk station (in operation since 1890) were used together with similar data
from a number of local subsidiary meteo-stations operating in Central Kamchatka since 1950. Regardless of extreme complexity
of the local meteorological/climate conditions, diversity of borehole sites and calibration of measuring devices used during
the whole campaign, the results of the climate reconstruction supported a general warming of about 1 K characteristic for
the 20th century, which followed an inexpressive cooler period typical for the most of the 19th century. In the last three
to four decades the warming rate has been locally increasing up to 0.02 K/year. It was also shown that the snow cover played
a dominant role in the penetration of the climate “signal” to depth and could considerably smooth down the subsurface response
to the changes occurred on the surface. 相似文献
146.
147.
为满足复杂地层绳索取心钻探技术的需要,寻找、配制了既能代替泥浆具有良好的护壁堵漏性能,又能满足绳索取心钻进技术要求的CL植物胶复合无固相冲洗液。详细介绍了CL植物胶复合无固相冲洗液的配方和配制工艺、性能指标测试与评价、护壁机理认识及应用效果。 相似文献
148.
介绍了温州世贸中心大厦120m超深大直径钻孔灌注桩的施工技术,针对超深大直径钻孔灌注桩施工中极易引起的钻进孔斜、卡钻、垮孔、堵管等问题,提出了相应的处理措施。 相似文献
149.
综合物探技术在石家庄凹陷地热勘查中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在岩石密度、磁性、电性综合分析的基础上,提出用重力资料反演广义新生界基底,利用航磁资料研究太古宇、下元古界结晶基底的研究思路.根据大地电磁测深资料,对新生界、中生界和古生界垂向分布进行了深入研究,结合重力剖面反演进一步予以证实.工作结果在石家庄凹陷内发现槐底低凸起存在,是寻找寒武系、奥陶系灰岩类型的地热远景有利地区;发现石家庄市区内存在南北、东西2个新生界深洼槽,分别为石家庄火车站至永壁深洼槽和永壁至二十里铺深洼槽. 相似文献
150.