Spatio-temporal dynamics of land cover and land surface temperature in Ganges-Brahmaputra delta: A comparative analysis between India and Bangladesh

Land use and land cover (LULC) change in the Ganges-Brahmaputra delta (GBD) poses significant challenges towards future environmental sustainability of the region and requires regional scale monitoring of key bio-physical variables and changes in their inter-relationship over space and time. Focusing on the southern part of the lower GBD region along the international border of India and Bangladesh, this study examined the spatio-temporal variability of LULC change and its relationship with Land Surface Temperature (LST). Furthermore, LULC-LST relationships were compared between Indian and Bangladesh part and its trend in and around big cities (with more than 1 million population) and towns (with more than 100,000 population) was investigated. Results showed that LST changes were predominantly driven by LULC changes on both sides of the border. Urban growth is the dominant form of LULC change, and the rate of land change was faster in 2005–2010 time period than 1989–2005. Over the period of 21 years, mean January LST decreased by approximately 1.83 °C in Indian part and 1.85 °C in the Bangladesh part. Areas that changed from to rural from agricultural experienced decrease in mean LST, whereas those areas that changed to urban from either agriculture or rural, experienced increase in mean LST. The relationship between LULC and LST are same on both sides of the Indo-Bangladesh border. In bigger cities like Kolkata (in India) and Khulna (in Bangladesh), there is a high spatial variability in relationship between LULC and LST compared to large towns. The LULC-LST relationship in large towns in India was influenced by proximity to Kolkata and coastal areas, whereas in Bangladesh no such influence was evident. The results and the data produced in this study are crucial for monitoring LULC changes, for developing spatial decision support system, and thus will be helpful to address the current challenges of land management in the GBD region. Changes in the LULC and LST are important indicators of GBD's environmental health and access its vulnerability and thus the present findings serve as baseline information for future studies seeking to examine the impact of differential policies on the LULC change in the region.     

2000-2012年陕甘宁黄土高原区地表蒸散时空分布及影响因素

分析陕甘宁黄土高原区地表蒸散变化特征及其影响因素,可以为区域水资源规划、生态环境改善提供依据。本文利用MOD16蒸散数据,统计分析了陕甘宁黄土高原区2000-2012年地表实际蒸散量的时空变化特征,并结合国家气象站点观测数据和基于像元的相关分析法探讨了其影响因素。结果表明:(1) 2000-2002年蒸散量迅速上升,在2003年达到最高值378.6 mm, 2003-2006年蒸散量呈下降趋势,2006年之后蒸散量呈现缓慢上升趋势。(2) 近13年来,陕甘宁黄土高原区多年平均蒸散量具有明显的空间差异,蒸散量自西北至东南递增,最南部的六盘山、子午岭、黄龙山地是3个主要的高值区;年蒸散量以夏季最多,其次是春季,秋季和冬季最少,且季节蒸散的分布与年蒸散的空间分布格局基本一致。(3) 陕甘宁黄土高原区蒸散量草地和耕地的贡献率最高,密灌丛、疏灌丛次之,常绿针叶林、森林草原贡献率则较小。(4) 陕甘宁黄土高原区动力因素对地表蒸散量影响以正相关为主,风速对该区影响较大;热力因素对地表蒸散量影响以负相关为主,其中气温与蒸散在空间上呈负相关的区域较大,日照时数与蒸散在空间上的负相关区域的面积次之;水分条件(降水量、相对湿度)对蒸散的影响也以正相关为主。     

沙漠区调水工程施工道路的设计与施工

石羊河下游地区近年来由于河水注入量的持续减少,使得依赖河水补给的地下水相应减少,造成区域性地下水位的下降,从而出现了一系列的生态环境问题。石羊河流域下游的民勤绿洲面临严重的生态危机,如何抢救和保护民勤绿洲,引起了社会各界的广泛关注。为了恢复和重建受损的生态系统,实施了下游调水工程——甘肃省景泰川电力提灌二期向民勤调水工程,该工程是国内第一个长距离穿越沙漠的跨流域调水工程,线路经过腾格里沙漠流动沙丘区,无水无路,施工条件非常艰苦;经过试验研究,提出了以当地材料为主的沙漠区施工道路的设计与施工方案。工程施工和运行实践表明,该方案施工简便,费省效宏。     

黄河中下游沿线城市水资源利用效率的时空演变及影响因素

采用超效率DEA模型、GIS空间分析方法、动态面板的系统GMM估计方法对2010—2017年黄河中下游沿线城市水资源利用效率时空格局及影响因素进行分析,结果表明:①黄河中下游沿线城市水资源利用效率整体由2010年的0.70波动下降为2017年的0.67,且区域内70%以上的城市水资源利用效率变动趋势与其一致;②黄河中下游沿线城市水资源利用效率呈"U"型区域两侧相对较高,中间区域相对较低的空间分布态势,且空间分布重心始终位于地理重心的北方;③环境规制、经济发展水平、产业结构优化、技术水平对水资源利用效率呈显著正向影响,农田水利设施建设、城镇化对水资源利用效率呈显著负向影响。研究结论可为黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展的推进提供决策支持。     

Population,urbanization and economic scenarios over the Belt and Road region under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways

The countries throughout the Belt and Road region account for more than 60% of the world's population and half of the global economy. Future changes in this area will have significant influences on the global economic growth, industrial structure and resource allocation. In this study, the proportion of the urban population to the total population and the gross domestic product were used to represent the levels of urbanization and economic development, respectively. The population, urbanization and economic levels of the Belt and Road countries for 2020–2050 were projected under the framework of the IPCC's shared socioeconomic pathways(SSPs), and the following conclusions are drawn.(1) The population, urbanization and economic levels in the Belt and Road region will likely increase under all five pathways. The population will increase by 2%–8%/10 a during 2020–2050 and reach 5.0–6.0 billion in 2050. Meanwhile, the urbanization rate will increase by 1.4%–7.5%/10 a and reach 49%–75%. The GDP will increase by 17%–34%/10 a and reach 134–243 trillion USD.(2) Large differences will appear under different scenarios. The SSP1 and SSP5 pathways demonstrate relatively high urbanization and economic levels, but the population size is comparatively smaller; SSP3 shows the opposite trend. Meanwhile, the economy develops slowly under SSP4, but it has a relatively high urbanization level, while SSP2 exhibits an intermediate trend.(3) In 2050, the population will increase relative to 2016 in most countries, and population size in the fastest growing country in Central Asia and the Middle East countries will be more than double. Urbanization will develop rapidly in South Asia, West Asia and Central Asia, and will increase by more than 150% in the fastest growing countries. The economy will grow fastest in South Asia, Southeast Asia and West Asia, and increase by more than 10 times in some counties with rapid economic development.     

Simulating cross-sectional geometry of the main channel in response to changes in water and sediment in Lower Yellow River

Journal of Geographical Sciences - To understand the non-equilibrium morphological adjustment of a river in response to environmental changes, it is essential to (i) accurately identify how past...     

武汉市不同等级景区旅游吸引力时空变化

收集2018~2019年网络关注度等有关数据,利用地理集中指数和多元线性回归等方法,分析景区旅游吸引力时空变化及影响因素,结果发现:(1)景区级别越高,其吸引力半径越大,景区50%的客源市场集中在900km范围内,80%的客源市场集中在1 200 km范围内.(2)景区级别越高,旅游吸引力集中度往往越小,客源市场较分散.不同季节各景区旅游吸引力差异较大,旅游吸引力集中度有明显的季节变化.(3)各景区的平均旅游吸引力均存在距离衰减现象,级别越高的景区在不同空间距离范围内的吸引力相差较小,衰减速度较小.不同季节的旅游吸引力衰减速度有所不同.(4)在其它条件相同的情况下,城市经济发展水平越高、人口越多、距离越近,景区对其吸引力越强.     

Sediment routing in the Zagros foreland basin: Drainage reorganization and a shift from axial to transverse sediment dispersal in the Kurdistan region of Iraq

In the northwestern sector of the Zagros foreland basin, axial fluvial systems initially delivered fine-grained sediments from northwestern source regions into a contiguous basin, and later transverse fluvial systems delivered coarse-grained sediments from northeastern sources into a structurally partitioned basin by fold-thrust deformation. Here we integrate sedimentologic, stratigraphic, palaeomagnetic and geochronologic data from the northwestern Zagros foreland basin to define the Neogene history of deposition and sediment routing in response to progressive advance of the Zagros fold-thrust belt. This study constrains the depositional environments, timing of deposition and provenance of nonmarine clastic deposits of the Injana (Upper Fars), Mukdadiya (Lower Bakhtiari) and Bai-Hasan (Upper Bakhtiari) Formations in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. Sediments of the Injana Formation (~12.4–7.75 Ma) were transported axially (orogen-parallel) from northwest to southeast by meandering and low-sinuosity channel belt system. In contrast, during deposition of the Mukdadiya Formation (~7.75–5 Ma), sediments were delivered transversely (orogen-perpendicular) from northeast to southwest by braided and low-sinuosity channel belt system in distributive fluvial megafans. By ~5 Ma, the northwestern Zagros foreland basin became partitioned by growth of the Mountain Front Flexure and considerable gravel was introduced in localized alluvial fans derived from growing topographic highs. Foredeep accumulation rates during deposition of the Injana, Mukdadiya and Bai-Hasan Formations averaged 350, 400 and 600 m/Myr respectively, suggesting accelerated accommodation generation in a rapidly subsiding basin governed by flexural subsidence. Detrital zircon U-Pb age spectra show that in addition to sources of Mesozoic-Cenozoic cover strata, the Injana Formation was derived chiefly from Palaeozoic-Precambrian (including Carboniferous and latest Neoproterozoic) strata in an axial position to the northwest, likely from the Bitlis-Puturge Massif and broader Eastern Anatolia. In contrast, the Mukdadiya and Bai-Hasan Formations yield distinctive Palaeogene U-Pb age peaks, particularly in the southeastern sector of the study region, consistent with transverse delivery from the arc-related terranes of the Walash and Naopurdan volcano-sedimentary groups (Gaveh-Rud domain?) and Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic arc to the northeast. These temporal and spatial variations in stratigraphic framework, depositional environments, sediment routing and compositional provenance reveal a major drainage reorganization during Neogene shortening in the Zagros fold-thrust belt. Whereas axial fluvial systems initially dominated the foreland basin during early orogenesis in the Kurdistan region of Iraq, transverse fluvial systems were subsequently established and delivered major sediment volumes to the foreland as a consequence of the abrupt deformation advance and associated topographic growth in the Zagros.     

浙江北山植物资源及其开发利用

北山位于浙江中部,地处中亚热带北缘,计有野生维管植物167科,574属,1149种。本文评价了北山植物资源的现状,提供了合理开发利用的途径,提出了今后开发利用的重点,并对植物资源的保护提出了一系列的建议。     

黄河长江珠江三角洲近30年海平面上升趋势及2030年上升量预测

黄河、长江和珠江三角洲由于地面沉降等原因,过去30年的相对海平面上升率远大于全球或全国海平面上升率（约1.5mm/a）。下一世纪,根据IPCC的最佳估计,至2030年全球海平面将上升18cm。我国三大三角洲,根据目前地面沉降情况、发展趋势及政府的控制措施,估计2030年相对海平面上升量老黄河三角洲（天津地区）为60cm,现代黄河三角洲（山东省东营市地区）为30—35cm,长江三角洲（上海地区）为30—40cm,珠江三角洲20—25cm,以上估计数可供沿海有关决策部门制订今后长远发展规划及拟订政策时的参考。