北京“7.21”特大暴雨云降水结构及云雨转化特征

利用多普勒雷达资料、FY-2E静止卫星和MODIS极轨卫星反演产品,研究2012年7月21日北京特大暴雨的云降水结构及云雨转化特征。结果表明:降水过程三阶段的云降水垂直结构不同。1)在暖区对流降水阶段,降水以暖雨机制启动,雨滴在暖区存在深厚的碰并增长过程,暖雨过程对降水起主要贡献。随着云体的发展,冷雨过程加剧。T-Re分析表明,-10℃层以下云滴凝结碰并显著,-10℃层以上为深厚的冰相增长带,云顶以冰相大粒子为主,云水向雨水转化迅速。2)在锋面对流降水阶段,降水系统为高度组织化的"低质心"强降水液态MCC(Mesoscale Convective Complex)系统。回波强度在冰水混合层增长较快,冻结层是此阶段成雨微物理的关键层。降水粒子在暖云区碰并增长较快,而蒸发或破碎过程并不显著。3)在锋后降水阶段,0℃层附近冰晶粒子与云水的碰并增长较为明显。前期降水存在明显的雨滴蒸发过程。随着云体的发展,暖区云水含量较少,降水粒子不能有效碰并增长。     

赤铁矿与磁铁矿混合比例对磁性参数的影响

本文通过将磁铁矿与赤铁矿进行人工混合,其中磁铁矿含量固定为0.3%,而赤铁矿含量则变化于0%～9%,并根据磁铁矿颗粒大小分为两个系列(纳米级磁铁矿+赤铁矿,系列1;假单畴磁铁矿+赤铁矿,系列2),探讨了磁性参数对上述磁性矿物混合比例的响应关系,结果显示:退磁参数S比值和Hcr/Hc不仅与磁铁矿和赤铁矿混合比例相关,同时也受到磁铁矿颗粒大小的影响,对于系列1而言,S比值对赤铁矿含量小于2%的混合样品较敏感,随着赤铁矿含量增加显著下降;Hcr/Hc则在赤铁矿含量大于3%时变化较大,通常用于指示亚铁磁性矿物颗粒大小的参数XARM/X与XARM/SIRM,也受到磁铁矿与赤铁矿混合比例的影响,对于磁铁矿颗粒较细的系列1而言,当赤铁矿含量小于3%时,XARM/SIRM随着赤铁矿含量增加存在较为显著的下降现象,上述结果表明,当使用磁性参数进行环境解释时,需要同时考虑磁性矿物颗粒大小以及不同矫顽力矿物混合比例的影响,特别是磁铁矿以超顺磁颗粒为主的样品.     

辐射传输模式中地表参数对大气长波辐射的影响

本文利用Liou-Ou一维宽带辐射传输模式，对地表热力参数取值部分作了改进，使用模式大气和青藏高原实测资料对下垫面温度与地表空气温度两者不能合二为一的问题进行了分析，同时还讨论了下垫面温度的日变化对大气长波辐射通量日变化的影响及地表比辐射率的变化对大气长波辐射通量计算结果的修正作用。     

THE STUDY OF HIGH EFFICIENT AgI PYROTECHNICS AND THEIR NUCLEATING PROPERTIES*

Two kinds of high efficient Agl pyrotechnics BR-88-5 and BR-91-Y have been developed.The tests in the cloud chamber show that the AgI ice nucleating effectiveness can reach up to 10¹⁵/g,and the BR-91-Y has even higher ice nucleating rate.Two kinds of foreign AgI pyrotechnics have been made according to the given formulations and also tested in the cloud chamber for comparison.X-ray diffraction analysis for the aerosols produced by burning BR-91-Y shows that AgI in acrosols still retains the hexagonal crystal form and the lattice parameters are smaller than those of pure AgI and other AgI composite nuclei,and closer to ice.Combining with the other tests,the reasons for the high efficiency of BR-91-Y have been discussed.     

几何失真对SAR图像匹配的影响及校正方法分析

合成孔径雷达SAR用于图像匹配导航系统,可大大提高导航精度。然而地形起伏和大气干扰等因素使得SAR实时图存在几何失真,降低了匹配性能。通过对SAR实时图几何失真成因分析,提出了一种二维可分离的几何校正方法,并得出方位向几何失真可跟随成像处理预先校正,图像后处理只需校正距离向。利用数字高程模型DEM和正射图模拟得到了3幅具有不同地形特征的SAR实时图,并分别利用3种几何校正方法对其进行统计实验,得到了不同地形SAR实时图几何校正方法选取的准则。     

东昆仑断裂带东部塔藏断裂地震地表破裂特征及其构造意义

The East Kunlun fault zone is located in the northern margin of the Bayan Har block. The study of earthquake rupture behavior in the fault zone is of importance for understanding the future seismic risk in northwest Sichuan. A number of geological field investigations, typical micro topography DGPS measurements and sample dating show that the earthquake activity of the East Kunlun fault zone extends to the north boundary of Zoige basin, a segment known as the Luocha segment of Tazang fault. In the satellite image, the segment is seen clearly as gray and yellow strips. The earthquake deformation zone mainly features fault scarp, valleys on the slope, offset gullies and terraces, linear distribution of plants, waterfall, fault spring, fault sag pond, and landslide, collapse and talus associated with surface rupturing. These phenomena are distributed intermittently along the re-existing fault and form a ～50km-long inverse L-shaped deformation zone. Fault activities caused left-lateral offset of gullies and terraces, with horizontal displacement concentrated at 5.5m~6m, 18m～23m, 68m～75m, and 200m～220m, respectively. The recent earthquake occurred between 340±30～500±30BP. The macro epicenter is located 5km～7km northwest of Benduo village, with magnitude of MW7.3～7.4, maximum coseismic displacement of 6m, horizontal displacement 5.5m～6m and vertical displacement 0.2m～0.5m, being in a proportion of 5∶1～10∶1. These phenomena show that the Tazang fault is the causative fault of this earthquake. The fault is a Holocene active fault and was dominated recently by left-lateral movement with a small amount of thrust component under compressive shear stress. This characteristic is similar to the movement in other segments of the East Kunlun fault zone. The results of this study support the "continental escape" model.     

地震期间电离层扰动现象研究

介绍了大量的关于地震电离层扰动现象研究的最新进展,研究表明地震发生前的几天或者几个小时电离层扰动被观测到,电离层前兆是确实存在.但要将震前的电离层扰动作为地震短临预报的工具,还有许多值得我们去深入研究和解决的问题.应用空间技术开展大区域范围内电离层参数的实时观测,如用地震电磁卫星、GPS台网、并和地面电离层垂测仪观测相结合,建立“电离层地震前兆监测系统”,无疑会加速这项研究的进程.     

基于相关参数的时移地震互均化质量监控方法研究

在时移地震技术的实际应用过程中,限于观测条件及处理流程等因素的影响,不同时期所获得的地震数据的一致性往往是较差的.这些不一致通常表现为地震资料在振幅、时间延迟、频率、相位等方面的差异.为了消除这些差异带来的影响,通常使用的方法就是进行时移地震的互均化处理,本文讨论了一种有效的时移地震互均化质量监控方法,用来评定时移资料的优劣,互均化结果的好坏,能够为时移地震可行性分析及互均化处理流程带来一定的帮助,同时可以起到很好的指导意义.     

青藏高原北部活动层土壤热力特性的研究

利用2003年10月～2004年9月期间高原北部可可西里(QT01)、北麓河(QT02)、开心岭(QT05)、通天河(QT06)等地活动层土壤温度梯度、土壤热通量及土壤水分的观测资料,计算了高原北部活动层土壤的导热率、土壤容积热容量、导温率等土壤热力参数.结果显示,QT02、QT05、QT06三站导热率、导温率夏秋季节较大而冬季较小,容积热容量则相反,表现为秋冬季节大而夏季较小;QT01站导热率表现为春季大,夏季较小;表层土壤粒度较小及较低的土壤湿度是冬季导热率较小的可能原因;冻土的热力特征参量可描述为相应深度的温度、体积含冰量及土壤盐度的函数,土壤含水量是融土热特征参数的主要影响因子;土壤水分含量小于某一临界值时,导温率随土壤水分含量的增大而增大,反之则减小.     

BANDPASS FILTERING ANALYSIS WITH GAUSSIAN WEIGHTING FUNCTION IN TWO-DIMENSIONAL FIELDS

This paper examines the response of the bandpass filter with Gaussian weighting function to arbitrarytwo-dimensional fields and proposes a new concept of relative response function.Based on the properties of relative re-sponse function,satisfactory weighting parameters C_1 and C_2 are obtained.By studying two cases,the procedure of us-ing structure function curves to choose the maximum response wavelength is formulated.It is shown that bandpass fil-tering offers some improvements to the analysis and forecast of mesoscale weather processes.