Identification of groundwater mean transit times of precipitation and riverbank infiltration by two‐component lumped parameter models

Groundwater transit time is an essential hydrologic metric for groundwater resources management. However, especially in tropical environments, studies on the transit time distribution (TTD) of groundwater infiltration and its corresponding mean transit time (mTT) have been extremely limited due to data sparsity. In this study, we primarily use stable isotopes to examine the TTDs and their mTTs of both vertical and horizontal infiltration at a riverbank infiltration area in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD), representative of the tropical climate in Asian monsoon regions. Precipitation, river water, groundwater, and local ponding surface water were sampled for 3 to 9 years and analysed for stable isotopes (δ¹⁸O and δ²H), providing a unique data set of stable isotope records for a tropical region. We quantified the contribution that the two sources contributed to the local shallow groundwater by a novel concept of two‐component lumped parameter models (LPMs) that are solved using δ¹⁸O records. The study illustrates that two‐component LPMs, in conjunction with hydrological and isotopic measurements, are able to identify subsurface flow conditions and water mixing at riverbank infiltration systems. However, the predictive skill and the reliability of the models decrease for locations farther from the river, where recharge by precipitation dominates, and a low‐permeable aquitard layer above the highly permeable aquifer is present. This specific setting impairs the identifiability of model parameters. For river infiltration, short mTTs (<40 weeks) were determined for sites closer to the river (<200 m), whereas for the precipitation infiltration, the mTTs were longer (>80 weeks) and independent of the distance to the river. The results not only enhance the understanding of the groundwater recharge dynamics in the VMD but also suggest that the highly complex mechanisms of surface–groundwater interaction can be conceptualized by exploiting two‐component LPMs in general. The model concept could thus be a powerful tool for better understanding both the hydrological functioning of mixing processes and the movement of different water components in riverbank infiltration systems.     

基于直线间几何属性特征相似性约束的组直线匹配算法

当影像中存在多个相同或相近的直线特征时,仅利用单直线特征间的相似性进行匹配容易导致算法失效,因此本文提出基于直线间几何属性特征相似性约束的组直线匹配算法。该算法利用直线间的拓扑关系分别对2幅影像上提取的直线进行编组得到特征直线组,并将其作为匹配基元;然后利用核线约束确定候选同名直线组的搜索范围,精简了候选直线组的数量;依据直线间几何属性特征向量的仿射不变性建立直线组的匹配关系,将仿射不变量交比作为基础几何不变性测度,并延伸设计仿射相似度参数,计算出目标直线组与每个候选直线组的仿射相似度或一般相似度,确定2种相似度下总体相似度值最大的特征直线组为其同名直线组,最后将同名直线组分裂为2对同名单直线,对分裂后的结果进行整合可以显著降低冗余匹配,得到“一对一”的匹配单直线。为了验证算法的可靠性,实验选取网上公开的5组典型近景影像进行测试,通过与其他匹配算法的对比分析,结果表明该算法应对影像间存在的视角、旋转和尺度变换等复杂条件均取得了较高的匹配精度,匹配正确率最高有14.5%的提升,且阈值的选择对匹配结果影响微弱,验证了基于直线间几何属性特征相似性约束的组直线算法鲁棒性和匹配稳定性较强。     

基于LMS滤波的地基增强系统电离层异常检测

针对地基增强系统(GBAS)中传统电离层异常检测方法无法同时兼顾检测精度与灵敏度的问题,通过构造单通道变步长最小均方(LMS)自适应滤波器以抑制伪码-载波偏离度高频噪声。单通道LMS自适应滤波器是在标准双通道LMS自适应滤波器的基础上,利用被检测信号短时相关性及其量化噪声的非相关性,构造一个采用被检测信号延时量作为参考输入的自适应滤波器,同时对Sigmoid函数进行改进,使得自适应滤波器在前期收敛速度快,且待滤波器收敛后保持较高稳定性。实验结果表明,在相同卫星仰角与电离层时间梯度值下,采用LMS自适应滤波器后电离层异常检测时间缩短,且当电离层时间梯度较小时,该方法也能够实现异常检测,验证了其有效性。     

Performance of the CMA-GD Model in Predicting Wind Speed at Wind Farms in Hubei, China

This study assesses the predictive capabilities of the CMA-GD model for wind speed prediction in two wind farms located in Hubei Province, China. The observed wind speeds at the height of 70m in wind turbines of two wind farms in Suizhou serve as the actual observation data for comparison and testing. At the same time, the wind speed predicted by the EC model is also included for comparative analysis. The results indicate that the CMA-GD model performs better than the EC model in Wind Farm A. Th...     

GIS典型几何计算算法的并行化及优化研究

空间数据规模的快速增长对传统矢量数据分析方法提出了更高的计算效率和处理规模要求。随着计算机硬件和软件技术的进步,并行计算为提高GIS中典型几何计算算法的计算效率、扩大问题处理规模提供了有效手段。本文在Visual Studio 2010中,使用标准C++编程语言,基于GDAL(Geospatial Data Abstraction Library)库实现空间数据的读写操作,针对线简化算法的并行化问题,在高性能计算环境下对并行任务调度策略、并行计算粒度、数据分解方法等多个核心内容开展研究。在完成相关串行算法的基础上,实现了该算法的并行化和优化设计,为相关的矢量数据空间分析方法的多核并行优化提供了思路和参考。     

基于高分一号卫星的江西樟树市地质灾害评价

运用高分一号卫星进行江西樟树市地质灾害评价对于科学防治地质灾害,提高国产卫星应用水平具有重要意义。本文通过正射校正、影像融合、几何校正等步骤对高分一号影像进行预处理,然后对处理后的影像进行地质灾害解译,获取樟树市地质灾害分布情况。在进行地质灾害评价过程中采用小流域评价单元,选取灾害点密度、地表水文、构造断裂带、工程活动、岩土类型、地形坡度等6个评价因子,并运用层次分析法确定因子权重,通过加权平均法最终获得樟树市地质灾害易发性综合评价图,其精度为78%。结果表明樟树市易发生地质灾害的地区占全市总面积的34.68%,易发程度最高的地区主要分布在东南部,占全市总面积的7.82%。     

多视点相机联合标定及改进的PMVS重建方法

提出一种能够在强约束条件下快速进行相机标定的方法。通过相机间6个相互独立的约束,充分利用系统的几何条件,确定相邻立体相机的固有关系;再以共线方程为基础推导强约束条件下的平差模型,并应用于自检校光束法平差,从而实现多相机系统的快速标定;最后利用改进的PMVS三维重建方法开展标定后系统的人体三维重建。实验表明,通过加入强约束条件,增加平差的多余观测数,提高了标定精度和鲁棒性,对三维重建的精度亦有较大提高,并且该方法可推广到多个相机组成的多相机立体量测系统的标定中。     

基于图像局部均值标准差算法的沥青路面裂缝检测

通过分析沥青路面的特性,本文提出了一种适用于沥青路面裂缝检测的图像处理算法。通过计算图像局部像素均值、横向与纵向相邻局部像素均值的均值以及两均值的标准差,结合滤波以及基于像片晒相原理的匀光操作来抑制图像背景的噪声出现,缓解灰度不均匀现象,突出沥青裂缝特征。采用分块图像处理方案,实现路面影像的裂缝提取。实验结果表明,本算法对裂缝线性特征敏感,检测效果较好。     

资源三号卫星多光谱影像的姿态角常差检校

针对资源三号卫星姿态角常差导致的多光谱影像定位精度降低的问题,该文在构建多光谱影像严格几何定位模型的基础上,提出了运用罗德里格矩阵建立姿态角常差检校方法;根据少量地面控制点求出姿态角常差构成的偏置矩阵后,使影像定位精度得到显著提高。实验结果证明,该方法具有较好的应用价值。     

一种基于分布中心的矢量数据零水印算法

针对鲜有零水印算法能同时适用于点、线、面矢量数据版权保护,提出一种基于分布中心的矢量地理空间数据零水印算法。首先,对矢量数据进行格网划分;其次,计算格网内每个点到其算数平均值中心的距离,并将得到的距离序列与距离平均值进行比较,大于等于距离平均值,则记为1,否则为0;然后,统计格网内的0和1数量的多数,记为0或1,以此生成空间数据特征值;最后,将该特征值与置乱后的二值水印进行异或,构造出零水印图像。实验表明,文中算法能同时适用于点、线、面矢量数据,并且对常见的平移、缩放、裁剪、格式转换、随机删点等攻击鲁棒性好。