顾及起始数据误差影响时单位权中误差的估值

本文推导了在附有条件的间接平差和附有未知数的条件平差两种方法中,顾及起始数据误差影响时,计算单位权中误差估值б₀的公式,并以两个实例说明,平差时应该考虑起始数据误差对б₀的影响。     

A geometric-based approach for road matching on multi-scale datasets using a genetic algorithm

Object matching is used in various applications including conflation, data quality assessment, updating, and multi-scale analysis. The objective of matching is to identify objects referring to the same entity. This article aims to present an optimization-based linear object-matching approach in multi-scale, multi-source datasets. By taking into account geometric criteria, the proposed approach uses real coded genetic algorithm (RCGA) and sensitivity analysis to identify corresponding objects. Moreover, in this approach, any initial dependency on empirical parameters such as buffer distance, threshold of spatial similarity degree, and weights of criteria is eliminated and, instead, the optimal values for these parameters are calculated for each dataset. Volunteered geographical information (VGI) and authoritative data with different scales and sources were used to assess the efficiency of the proposed approach. According to the results, in addition to an efficient performance in various datasets, the proposed approach was able to appropriately identify the corresponding objects in these datasets by achieving higher F-Score.     

利用复共线性诊断确定偏差矫正项的截断型岭估计

为了避免有偏估计的偏差对可靠部分的影响,提出了偏差矫正的正则化方法,但是偏差矫正项的选取是个关键问题。首先采用复共线性诊断、度量和检验所获得的重要信息,对受复共线性危害严重的分量进行估计,且使得均方误差达到极小。然后基于偏差矫正的正则化解法的一般理论,得到偏差矫正的分析性条件,从而得到一种新的基于复共线性诊断确定偏差矫正项的截断型岭估计。最后通过算例分析验证了该方法在提高解的质量、参数估值的准确性和稳定性方面的优良性。     

无人机倾斜摄影与LiDAR融合监测技术

本文以成都市环城生态区生态修复项目为依托,利用飞马D200无人机实现了倾斜摄影和LiDAR技术的融合监测,通过三维模型制作、大比例尺地形图生产、点云处理、方格网计算、精度评定等步骤,验证了倾斜摄影和机载LiDAR协同监测方式可以满足1∶500地形图和方格网测量的精度,对后期无人机测绘实际生产具有指导意义。     

高精度遥感影像的空间投影几何精校正

几何校正为影像预处理工作做了技术准备。其精度直接影响着后续工作的质量。目前,高精度遥感影像因其空间分辨率较高、数据产品格式复杂,在实际应用中对其进行几何精校正(包括正射校正)还存在许多问题。在地面控制点(Ground Control Point,GCP)分布不均或数量不足的情况下,运用空间投影加密控制点的方法,能有效解决此类问题。本文以Quick Bird遥感卫星影像为例,阐述了该方法的可行性。     

大视场面阵数字航摄仪检测关键技术探讨

针对常规室内检校场无法满足大视场面阵数字航摄仪检测的问题,文章提出了一种适合此类航摄仪检校的野外检校场的建立方法,通过对检校场控制点布设方案设计、适合影像识别的地标形状设计和地标点三维坐标的精确测定方案研究,实现了检测场内控制点的高精度测量:建立适合大面阵数字航空摄影仪几何误差改正的数学模型,并通过多摄站拍摄足够数量的检校场影像,自动识别并测定每幅影像上全部地标点的影像坐标,用最小二乘平差计算间接求出相机的内方位元素和各项畸变参数,最后通过多组检测参数对比,验证了数学模型及其参数的可靠性与稳定性。     

基于仿射变换的线状符号绘制算法研究

针对目前线状符号绘制方法在转折处无法很好地保证复杂图元的几何关系,从而影响显示效果的问题,该文提出一种基于仿射变换的线状符号绘制算法,解决了在保证任意复杂符号的几何拓扑关系不变情况下转折处的平滑过渡难题,实现了线状符号的高效、美观绘制。最后经实际应用验证,该方法能够满足地理信息系统符号化显示和计算机制图需求。     

Best prediction in linear models with mixed integer/real unknowns: theory and application

In this contribution, we extend the existing theory of minimum mean squared error prediction (best prediction). This extention is motivated by the desire to be able to deal with models in which the parameter vectors have real-valued and/or integer-valued entries. New classes of predictors are introduced, based on the principle of equivariance. Equivariant prediction is developed for the real-parameter case, the integer-parameter case, and for the mixed integer/real case. The best predictors within these classes are identified, and they are shown to have a better performance than best linear (unbiased) prediction. This holds true for the mean squared error performance, as well as for the error variance performance. We show that, in the context of linear model prediction, best predictors and best estimators come in pairs. We take advantage of this property by also identifying the corresponding best estimators. All of the best equivariant estimators are shown to have a better precision than the best linear unbiased estimator. Although no restrictions are placed on the probability distributions of the random vectors, the Gaussian case is derived separately. The best predictors are also compared with least-squares predictors, in particular with the integer-based least-squares predictor introduced in Teunissen (J Geodesy, in press, 2006).     

图根支导线测角中误差计算公式之讨论

本文结合实例讨论了小地区平面控制测量中多条图根支导线测角中误差m角平的三种计算方法,其中方法二全面考虑多条图根支导线的测量误差,其计算测角中误差m角平的公式也是最值得推广的。按照方法二可计算出各条图根支导线的测站点圆周角闭合差是否超过±40″,各条支导线的角度闭合差fβj是否超过40 n1″,测角中误差m角平是否超过21.2″,由此可以判断测角精度是否合格,在测量工作中具有一定的实用性。     

浅谈基于ERDAS IMAGINE软件的几何精纠正方法

随着遥感技术日新月异的发展,它在各个领域的应用已经越来越广泛。目前市场上遥感软件的种类很多,比较具有代表性的软件为美国ERDAS公司开发的遥感图像处理系统。遥感图像的几何精纠正是遥感图像分类、专题制图的基础,也是遥感应用研究的基础。本文正是基于ERDAS IMAGINE软件浅谈遥感影像的几何精纠正方法。