Automatic tracing of the foot of the continental slope

The UNCLOS III (Article 76, Section 4(b)) defines the foot of the continental slope as the point of maximum change in the gradient at its base. It is impossible to locate so defined afoot and thus to trace the foot‐line objectively by eye. In this study we show a method designed automatically to detect and trace the foot‐line of the continental slope from an irregular array of bathymetrical data. Our algorithm first transforms the bathymetric surface to a maximum curvature surface. On this new surface, the foot‐line corresponds to one of the ridges; instead of tracing the foot‐line on the bathymetric surface, we now can trace the ridges on the maximum curvature surface. The tracing of the ridges can be done automatically and objectively and the foot‐line is identified as being one of these ridges. We devote particular attention to the case when the ridge‐line is not defined, i.e., to the case when the point of maximum gradient change becomes a region of maximum gradient change.     

CMIP5模式对南海SST的模拟和预估

分析了32个CMIP5模式对南海历史海表温度(SST)的模拟能力和不同排放情景下未来SST变化的预估。通过检验各气候模式对南海历史SST增温趋势和均方差的模拟,发现大部分模式都能较好地模拟出南海20世纪历史SST的基本特征和变化规律,但也有部分模式的模拟存在较大偏差。尽管这些模拟偏差较大的模式对SST多模式集合平均的影响不大,但会增加未来情景预估的不确定性。剔除15个模式后,分析了南海SST在RCP26、RCP45和RCP85三种排放情景下的变化趋势,发现在未来百年呈明显的增温趋势,多模式集合平均的增温趋势分别为0.42、1.50和3.30℃/(100a)。这些增温趋势在空间上变化不大,但随时间并不是均匀变化的。在前两种排放情景下,21世纪前期的增温趋势明显强于后期,而在RCP85情景下,21世纪后期的增温趋势强于前期。     

平均大潮高潮面的计算方法与比较

平均大潮高潮面在我国用作海洋测绘净空信息表示的参考面。论证了该特征潮面的定义,扩充了其含义范围,将回归潮高高潮位应用为平均大潮高潮位。分析描述了实测潮位和预报潮位统计计算方法,比较了统计方法与潮汐特征值算法的符合度,计算了平均大潮高潮位与理论最高潮位的比率。基本研究结论是:对规则半日潮和规则日潮海域,统计算法和特征值算法的结果较为一致,而混合潮海域,两种特征潮位之间存在明显差异,平均大潮高潮位计算的相关问题需深入系统论证。     

基于多卫星融合资料的南海浪高时空分布特征研究

为提高对南海波浪场的认识, 采用基于多卫星融合的2009年9月～2011年11月的AVISO(Archiving, Validation and Interpretation of Satellite Oceanographic data)有效浪高格点数据对南海浪高的月变化特征进行分析, 并结合南海的波浪特征和地形特点, 将南海划分为6个海区, 讨论南海浪高的空间分布规律。研究发现南海浪高具有以下2个特征: (1)南海浪高表现为由东向西、由北往南递减: 北部深水区>北部陆架区>南海中部≈北部湾>南部陆架区>泰国湾。(2)浪高的月变化与季风的变化密不可分: 10月～次年3月(冬季风影响期间)>4月和9月(季风转换期)>5月～8月(夏季风影响期间), 1月最大, 5月最小。该研究成果对开展南海海浪的中长期预报、保障南海资源开发和军事安全等有一定的借鉴意义和参考价值。     

A thermal centroid or a mass centroid?

This study reveals the physical backgrounds of the geometric centroid and the thermal centroid of the Western Pacific Warm Pool (WPWP) and points out their differences. The geometric centroid (actually a very close approximation to the mass centroid) anomaly of the surface WPWP correlates more closely with the Niño-3 region sea surface temperature anomaly (Niño-3 SSTA, an important indicator of El Niño/La Niña events) than the surface thermal centroid. Taking the WPWP depth (or heat storage) into account, the “real” mass or thermal centroid of the WPWP might correlate better with the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) signals.     

有孔虫初房特征变化在珠江三角洲晚全新世东亚夏季风降雨研究中的应用

研究中国降雨格局变化对理解东亚夏季风演化意义重大。本文分析了珠江三角洲柱状样ZJK03-Z中浅水底栖有孔虫常见种Rotalidium annectens的平均初房大小、微球型/显球型比值和壳体δ18O值,以及底栖有孔虫组合中瓷质壳的百分含量,探讨它们对由夏季风降雨引起的河口水体盐度变化的响应,得到了珠江三角洲3114—1260a BP季风降雨的强度变化,识别出了这期间14次季风降雨减少的偏干期。与南美洲Cariaco海盆的钛含量记录对比,二者一致的结果表明,珠江三角洲晚全新世的东亚夏季风降雨与热带辐合带(ITCZ)的南北移动密切相关:夏季风降雨减少,对应于ITCZ纬度位置的南移。     

Evaluation of the “fishing down marine food web” process in the north-west of Persian Gulf(Khuzestan Province) during the period of 2002–2011

The worldwide increase in commercial fisheries and its impact on ecosystems as well as inefficient fishery management have led to overfishing and frequent breakdown of traditional fish stocks.In this context,an analysis of Khuzestan inshore fisheries data covering the years 2002–2011,was conducted in reliance on testing for occurrence of the fishing down marine food webs(FDMFW) phenomenon in the North of Persian Gulf Large Marine Ecosystem(LME).In this study,the mean trophic level(m TL) and the fishing-in-balance(FIB)-index of Khuzestan landings during this period of time were estimated using the trophic level of 47 fishery resources.Increase in total landings(Y) was observed,which explained the high fishing yield in major fishery resources(especially demersal).Moreover,the moderates decreasing trend in m TL per decade,and the increasing trend in FIB-index were observed.The status of fishery resources in Khuzestan inshore waters(under exploited but not overexploited),the rise in Y,FIB and slightly drop in m TL can be considered as indirect indicators of the fishing impacts on the trophic structure of marine communities.Based on this result,probability occurrence of FDMFW process in Khuzestan inshore waters is low to some extent.However,we suggest that the goal of management programs in Khuzestan inshore waters should prevent the continuance of this trend in the long-term using an ecosystem-based approach.     

海-陆-气耦合模式中海洋分量的温盐模拟分析

基于OASIS耦合器,发展了一套具有较高分辨率并行化的海-陆-气耦合模式,并进行了30年以上的耦合积分。为了评估模式中海洋分量的基本性能,首先考察了耦合模式对"气候漂移"的控制,然后对比分析了耦合与未耦合海洋环流模式模拟温度和盐度的气候态特征和季节变化,结果显示耦合模式的模拟结果中没有出现明显的"气候漂移现象",同时能较好的模拟全球大洋温盐分布的基本特征和季节变化。     

利用Jason-1卫星确定全球平均海面高

介绍了卫星测高数据处理的基本方法,分析研究了卫星测高的主要误差,提出了Jason-1的数据编辑准则,并用其测高数据确定了全球平均海面高,与CLS01模型进行了比较分析.     

复平面上广义插值多项式的平均逼近阶

研究了复平面上 ,广义 Hermite-Fejer插值多项式的收敛性。得到了其在空间 lp(| z| =1 ) (0 相似文献