西秦岭略阳地区鱼洞子杂岩变形花岗岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年及地质意义

鱼洞子杂岩是秦岭地区最古老的复杂的地质体。前人对鱼洞子杂岩不同的地质体采用多种方法进行了年龄测定,但结果差异较大,且总体测试精度不高。依据锆石CL影像的特征,结合锆石成因分析和锆石微区的U-Pb同位素,进行了LA-ICP-MS测定,在鱼洞子杂岩糜棱岩化细粒黑云母花岗岩和强片理化黑云母花岗岩中分别获得2661Ma±17Ma和2703Ma±26Ma的岩浆结晶年龄,同时在糜棱岩化细粒黑云母花岗岩中获得2647Ma±65Ma的变质锆石年龄。其中2703Ma±26Ma是秦岭造山带目前发现的最古老的侵入岩的形成年龄,为研究秦岭造山带早前寒武纪构造岩浆事件和地球早期的形成演化提供了新的资料。     

事件驱动的省级应急资源管理模式研究

随着信息化技术的广泛应用和应急资源信息共享的迫切要求,如何更好地利用信息技术助力应急资源管理成为研究的热点。针对我国省级应急资源管理的现状和存在的问题,从省级应急资源整合共享、协调联动的角度出发,引入事件驱动理论,以突发事件为驱动点,开展省级应急资源管理模式的研究,提出一种新的适合于省级政府应急管理的基于事件驱动机制的应急资源管理架构(EDERMA),分析此架构的构成、功能以及工作机理,并探讨了基于此架构的系统应用实现。     

基于平面波解构滤波的速度无关动校正及速度分析方法

为了避免速度分析拾取速度参数引起的繁复费时、拾取参数不准确导致的校正效果不佳和传统动校正的拉伸畸变问题,利用速度无关动校正方法进行相关处理。通过数据解构获取局部同相轴斜率,解析斜率数据与速度的关系,由局部斜率可直接获得动校正所需时差参数,其信息足以进行动校正处理。通过模拟和实际数据进行的实验计算,证明此方法优于常规动校正处理效果。     

The impact of anoxia on pelagic macrofauna during the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event (Early Jurassic)

Extreme environmental change during the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event had widespread impacts on marine biota. This study provides new evidence, from the Yorkshire coast sections, UK, that the event was associated with periods of elevated fish and ammonite mortality. Using a synthesis of pelagic macrofaunal changes, benthic macrofaunal data and geochemical proxies we show that there are stratigraphical correlations between: (1) pelagic macrofaunal ranges and abundance, (2) benthic macrofaunal abundance, and (3) geochemical proxies that indicate deoxygenation. We identify eight stratigraphical intervals of differing character. Results suggest two major phases of relatively persistent deoxygenation with photic zone euxinia. The cyclostratigraphic timescale indicates that each phase lasted at least tens of thousands of years. Belemnite migration during the event probably resulted from increased seawater temperatures and low food supply similar to that observed for many marine taxa, including squid, within the present-day oceans.     

青海东昆仑哈日扎多金属矿区构造活动的锆石裂变径迹定年分析

青海省哈日扎多金属矿区位于东昆仑东段,属东昆中多旋回岩浆弧带,是新的矿产勘查基地,成矿作用主要受NE和NW向两组构造蚀变带控制。本文通过不同类型样品的锆石裂变径迹定年分析,探讨区内的构造活动。所获得的10个样品年龄为116~204 Ma,并由3个组年龄构成,即204~181 Ma,142~168 Ma和116~120 Ma。第1组年龄204~181 Ma反映印支晚期三叠纪末羌塘地块与昆仑地块碰撞的地质事件及其时限;后两组年龄主要是晚侏罗世~早白垩世冈底斯地体向北与羌塘地体碰撞汇聚的响应,活动时限为168~116 Ma。第2和3组年龄同时表明本区燕山期构造活动存在强度差异,即有两个强作用期。同时,3组年龄也揭示本区具有多期次成矿活动。     

事件驱动的省级应急资源管理模式研究

随着信息化技术的广泛应用和应急资源信息共享的迫切要求,如何更好地利用信息技术助力应急资源管理成为研究的热点。针对我国省级应急资源管理的现状和存在的问题,从省级应急资源整合共享、协调联动的角度出发,引入事件驱动理论,以突发事件为驱动点,开展省级应急资源管理模式的研究,提出一种新的适合于省级政府应急管理的基于事件驱动机制的应急资源管理架构（EDERMA）,分析此架构的构成、功能以及工作机理,并探讨了基于此架构的系统应用实现。     

A steepness index unit volume flood hydrograph approach for sub‐daily flow disaggregation

The estimation of sub‐daily flows from daily flood flows is important for many hydrological and hydraulic applications. Flows during flood events often vary significantly within sub‐daily time‐scales, and failure to capture the sub‐daily flood characteristic can result in an underestimation of the instantaneous flood peaks, with possible risk of design failure. It is more common to find a longer record of daily flow series (observed or modelled using daily rainfall series) than sub‐daily flow data. This paper describes a novel approach, known as the steepness index unit volume flood hydrograph approach, for disaggregating daily flood flows into sub‐daily flows that takes advantage of the strong relationship between the standardized instantaneous flood peak and the standardized daily flood hydrograph rising‐limb steepness index. The strength of this relationship, which is considerably stronger than the relationship between the standardized flood peak and the event flood volume, is shown using data from six rivers flowing into the Gippsland Lakes in southeast Australia. The results indicate that the steepness index unit volume flood hydrograph approach can be used to disaggregate modelled daily flood flows satisfactorily, but its reliability is dependent on a model's ability to simulate the standardized daily flood hydrograph rising‐limb steepness index and the event flood volume. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Characteristics of rain events at an inland locality in northeastern Borneo,Malaysia

Understanding the intensity and duration of tropical rain events is critical to modelling the rate and timing of wet‐canopy evaporation, the suppression of transpiration, the generation of infiltration‐excess overland flow and hence to erosion, and to river responsiveness. Despite this central role, few studies have addressed the characteristics of equatorial rainstorms. This study analyses rainfall data for a 5 km² region largely comprising of the 4 km² Sapat Kalisun Experimental Catchment in the interior of northeastern Borneo at sampling frequencies from 1 min^?1 to 1 day^?1. The work clearly shows that most rainfall within this inland, forested area is received during regular short‐duration events (<15 min) that have a relatively low intensity (i.e. less than two 0·2 mm rain‐gauge tips in almost all 5 min periods). The rainfall appears localized, with significant losses in intergauge correlations being observable in minutes in the case of the typical mid‐afternoon, convective events. This suggests that a dense rain‐gauge network, sampled at a high temporal frequency, is required for accurate distributed rainfall‐runoff modelling of such small catchments. Observed rain‐event intensity is much less than the measured infiltration capacities, and thus supports the tenet of the dominance of quick subsurface responses in controlling river behaviour in this small equatorial catchment. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

常德1631年大震事件的多场点群发式构造模型

根据对常德1631年地震事件的史料鉴别,尤其是江陵为典型七度震害这一事实,运用震声传播方向和地光物理场以及地震烈度衰减关系,拟合推断此地震事件的序列主要由安乡北6 3/4级地震、常德北太阳山7级地震、澧县6级地震、大庸6级地震和澧县—安乡6 1/2级地震组成,相应的地震地质背景是江汉—洞庭地区晚更新世以来的剩余形变呈四象限分布。若考虑地震-构造相关分布为“Z”字型,则该地震事件的主控构造——太阳山断裂带东断裂具左旋走滑的力学机制。根据区域地震—构造相关发展过程,常德大震事件可视为1668年郯城8 1/2级地震的前震序列组成部分。     

海相遗迹化石对显生宙生物大辐射事件的响应*

通过系统梳理前寒武纪和显生宙海相遗迹化石记录及笔者自己的研究,发现在寒武纪生命大爆发、奥陶纪生物大辐射、中生代海洋革命共3次里程碑式的生物大辐射过程中,海相遗迹化石的属级多样性变化和歧异度增减均与生物多样性呈正相关,生物扰动强度和深度明显增加,造迹生物的觅食策略和行为习性多样化明显增多。寒武纪生命大爆发时期,最有代表性的生物行为变化是出现了具有垂向分量的潜穴; 奥陶纪生物大辐射期间,海相遗迹化石的分布逐渐从滨、浅海扩展至半深海和深海,表现为造迹生物群落栖息地的扩张; 中生代海洋革命时期,海相和陆相遗迹化石同步增加,生物对生态空间利用的深度、广度和集约性同步增强,遗迹化石面貌表现为深海雕画迹的多样性和歧异度大幅增加、形态类型多样、多种觅食策略共存。地史时期的海相遗迹化石面貌受环境外因和生物内因控制,表现出形态由简到繁、分布范围由小到大的变化趋势,对生态空间的利用表现为由沉积物表层至浅层再到深层、由二维到三维、由局域(浅水)到广域(浅水和深水以及陆地)的发展,印证了生物获取生态机会的过程。