网络通讯技术在地震前兆仪器中的应用探讨

计算机和网络技术的发展,为测量仪器实现网络化创造了条件。Internet的日益普及,为网络化测量仪器提供了通讯链路。地震前兆仪器在经过从最初的起步、改造、完善,到实现数字化、智能化、网络化,经过了几十年的发展,逐步具有了自己的特色。为结合最新通讯技术,“十.五”前兆总体设计中提出了“IP到仪器”。本文探讨了在地震前兆仪器中实现网络通讯协议后,前兆仪器作为独立的网络节点,其工作方式和数据流向。仪器作为多种服务并存的中心,允许用户以多种方式对其进行访问,大大方便了用户对前兆仪器的监控。网络通讯技术的应用,为地震前兆仪器带来了很多益处,弥补了存在的问题,为前兆数据的实时传输提供了条件。     

陇西及周边地区地震活动与震磁效应的高阶统计量研究

高阶统计量是研究非高斯过程,非最小相位信号和非线性系统的有力工具,其应用领域已涉及通信、地球物理、生物医学、故障诊断等。本文对嘉峪关和乾陵2个地磁台站1998～2002年期间的地磁垂直分量(Z)资料运用高阶统计量方法进行处理,探讨陇西及其周边地区地震活动与地磁场变化之间相互关系,并将其结果与相关分析和线性拟合方法的结果进行对比。结果发现,高阶统计量异常一般早于两台Z分量相关系数和嘉峪关台Z分量线性拟合差异常1～2个月出现,且三阶矩(三阶累积量)的异常变化幅度在5～10之间,四阶矩的异常幅度在50以上,甚至达到150,四阶累积量的异常幅度在10～60之间。这些表明在震磁效应的统计分析研究中引入高阶统计量方法的必要性及其在地震预报中的潜力和良好前景。     

地震前兆台网数据跟踪分析平台设计

对地震前兆台网数据跟踪分析平台的构架设计、事件数据库设计和一些关键技术设计与实现进行分析和阐述。该平台现已在全国地震前兆台网大范围部署,具有使用方便、功能齐全、扩展性好的优点,每日产出大量的事件分析记录和专题报告,可供地震分析预报会商与台网运维管理使用。     

2014年云南鲁甸6.5级、永善5.0级地震前岩石圈磁场局部异常特征分析

利用2012 ～2014年南北地震带3期流动地磁矢量测量的准确可靠资料,计算得到了2012 ～2013年和2013～ 2014年相邻期岩石圈磁场的分布.分析结果表明,2014年8月3日鲁甸6.5级地震、8月17日永善5.0级地震前,川滇交界东部均存在岩石圈磁场的异常变化.同时,异常持续时间、空间范围与震级大小有一定关系,鲁甸地震前岩石圈磁场异常持续时间长、空间范围广,而永善地震则反之.     

数字化前兆设备防雷技术应用分析

根据雷电危害的类型及台站不同设备的特点和布局,在充分分析雷电入侵观测系统途径的基础上,应用适用于数字化前兆台站的防雷技术,全面采取电源线路防护、信号线路防护、电磁屏蔽、接地等措施,可取得综合性防雷保护。通过对使用徕信防雷技术10个台站的防雷效果进行分析,说明综合防雷安全性效果明显。     

GNSS数据在江苏地震前兆监测中的初步应用与研究

GPS数据具有高精度、高效率和低成本等特点,同时不易受观测环境的变化影响,因此它在监测地壳的应力场变化、大震前可能出现的短期前兆、地震过程中观测点位的瞬时变化、震后地壳的运动特征等方面,具有很大的应用前景。主要是利用江苏区域溧阳、南通和盐城三个GNSS观测站,根据GPS定位原理,利用GAMIT软件计算出这三个站在2010年6月至2013年8月的时间序列,从计算结果中看出,在这三年里,这三个GNSS站均向东南方向偏移,2011年3月11日的日本地震均对这三个站引起永久性的同震位移,这三个站观测数据在NS、EW和垂直方向上均呈现出较好的年变特征。这是GNSS数据在江苏地震前兆监测中的初步应用,同时也为江苏区域的地震预测研究提供一个新的辅助手段。     

兴济1井水位脉冲型变化与地震活动的关系研究

通过收集和整理兴济1井1998年以来的静水位观测数据,以兴济1井为中心,半径260km,ML4.0级以上地震为基础,对该井水位脉冲型异常变化的形态进行分析研究,探讨水位脉冲型异常形成的条件和机理,对该井水位资料映震能力进行评估。     

苏22井水温映震效能及典型地震前兆特征分析

分析苏22井2008年观测以来11次水温数据下降变化异常,排除仪器故障、人为干扰及降雨等因素。与地震活动的对比分析发现,苏22井水温具有较好的映震效能,变化幅度≥0．005℃的水温异常与井孔周围300 km 范围内 ML 4．0以上地震有较好的对应关系。     

A study on variations of non-dipole magnetic field over Chinese mainland during 2000 BC to 1990 AD

We calculated and analyzed variation of the non-dipole(ND)magnetic field at the millennium scale over the Chinese mainland during 2000 BC–1900 AD using the newest global geomagnetic model,CALS3K.4(3K.4).The newest-generation IGRF(IGRF11)was used to verify the results.Taking component Z for example,we calculated and analyzed the distribution and annual change rates of the ND field during 1900–1990 AD every 5 yr,using two models.To thoroughly analyze the contributions of field sources,quadrupole and octupole fields,and others within the ND field at the surface and core-mantle boundary(CMB)were investigated.Results show that there were three main variation phases of the field during the period 2000BC–1900 AD.The mean amplitude roughly reflected the ND field because of the distribution and variation of that field,corresponding somewhat to the mean amplitude change.A magnetic anomaly of the ND field over East Asia(EA)first emerged in 1682 AD,and its extreme intensity had increased a total of 15276.95 nT by 1900 AD.Its location moved continuously southeastward after 1690 AD.The asymmetry between location and intensity of extreme points over EA,particularly during1740–1760 AD,indicates irregularity of fluid motion inside the outer core.Mean annual changes of Z are generally divided into four phases,which first oscillated between 2000 and 800 BC,then increased,decreased and increased in the periods 800BC–300 AD,300–900 AD and 900–1900 AD,respectively.The intensity of mean annual change increased a total of 22.87nT/yr.Anomaly extreme locations based on 3K.4 and IGRF11 over EA centered around 44°N and 103°E for degree(n)greater than 5,and intensities continuously increased with n.During 2000 BC–1990 AD,ND energy of Z at the surface and CMB had decreased in total by 18.29%and 23.23%,respectively.The field source of 26–210 pole fields are more or less affected by the lithospheric field.Energies of higher degree at the surface attenuate by almost 99%compared with CMB,but mean attenuation speeds of the low-degree ND field are faster than high-degree,which implies that the low-degree ND field has a deeper source.     

A new plasmapause location model based on THEMIS observations

A new empirical model of plasmapause location as functions of magnetic local time and geomagnetic indices has been developed based on the observations from THEMIS mission. We use the two-year data of electron density inferred from spacecraft potential to identify the plasmapause crossings and create a database of plasmapause locations. The database is further used to build up an empirical model of plasmapause related to magnetic local time based on the equation from O’Brien and Moldwin (2003). The new model is compared with previous plasmapause location models. It is found that our newly developed model is the best in predicting plasmapause locations among the existing models. The models based on Kp and Dst indices are better than the model based on AE index, suggesting that the plasmapause location is controlled by large scale convection of the magnetosphere.