利用GRACE时变位模型研究南极冰盖质量变化

对CNES/GRGS和UTCSR GRACE Level-2产品重力位模型的J2项时间序列进行了主成分分析和比较,结果表明,CNES/GRGSJ2项具有更好的季节性变化特征,利用CNES/GRGS GRACE Level-2产品推求了南极地区冰盖质量变化速率,并对西南极和东南极冰盖质量变化进行了主成分分析,获取了其周年项振幅和相位。分析表明,南极地区冰盖质量变化呈现出明显的地区不平衡性和季节性变化特征,西南极冰盖存在有较强的减少趋势,利用主成分重构和调谐分析方法获得的西南极和东南极冰盖质量变化的周年项振幅分别为2.4 cm和1.3 cm等效冰高。     

九寨沟7.0级地震中典型非结构构件震害特征

九寨沟7.0地震给九寨沟地区建筑结构及非结构构件造成了严重破坏。本文主要涉及调查区域包括漳扎镇、甲藩古城、若尔盖县阿西茸乡、求吉乡及包座乡等。主要调查框架结构、砖混结构、大跨空间结构以及木结构的非结构构件震害。此次调查的结构多数是2000年以后建造,8度设防,在2008年汶川地震中主体结构和非结构构件均未受到影响。在此次地震中,非结构构件大量损坏,破坏主要以框架、砌体填充墙开裂或变形或局部倒塌、吊顶脱落、地板隆起、吊顶设备掉落、玻璃震碎等震害为主。调查结果表明,与以往地震不同,Ⅷ度区内仅有的三个大跨度结构均发生不同程度的破坏,其中一个结构出现节点破坏,此次地震中大跨空间结构非结构构件震损尤为明显,非结构构件设备损失最为严重。另一个不同于以往地震震害的是位于Ⅵ度区山坡上的木结构非结构震害明显比坡下要严重一些。     

江西大背坞金矿床矿石物质组成及金的赋存状态

大背坞金矿床属贫硫化物（糜棱岩）石英脉型,该矿床有用组分唯有Au,自然金是Au最主要的赋存形式,几乎集中富集了全部Au组分.虽然矿石中有极微量的银金矿,并在方铅矿中发现可能还存在次显微金,但含金量却微不足道.石英、黄铁矿、毒砂是自然金的主要载体.自然金成色高,多以中粗粒裂隙金形式产出,粒间金次之,包裹金较少.本矿床中黄铜矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿不发育,含量少,但它们与自然金关系密切,镜下常常发现与自然金共生赋存于较粗粒的黄铁矿、毒砂等载金矿物中.这3种硫化物是发现富矿化的标志.铅同位素结果表明本金矿成矿物质来源于前震旦纪变质沉积岩,中元古界双桥山群是矿源层.金以络合物的形式迁移.当温度降低（低于300℃）,含矿溶液进入容矿空间压力降低,金发生沉淀.矿化早期石英脉包裹体pH值4.91,Eh值164.52,到矿化主期pH升高到6.38~6.72,Eh降低到57.44,从而使金在溶液中的溶解度大大降低,促使金发生沉淀.     

基于VB.NET的GPS接收机串口通信的实现

首先介绍了串口通信和GPS数据格式,然后通过实例详细讨论了在VB.NET环境下应用MSComm控件实现计算机与GPS接收机之间利用串口传输并提取定位信息的方法。所设计的算法可以应用于基于PC机的车载GPS道路信息更新中。实验表明,系统运行稳定、实时性高、准确、简便。     

青海赛什腾地区遥感影像岩石信息提取研究

赛什腾地区隶属柴北缘构造带,岩性复杂多变,前人对研究区岩性界线的划分较为笼统,笔者等选择Landsat- 8 OLI、ASTER和Sentinel- 2A为数据源,采用最佳波段指数确定各影像的波段组合,凸显不同岩石的边界;将ASTER短波红外波段与Landsat- 8 OLI、Sentinel- 2A可见光—近红外波段协同处理,构成Landsat- 8+ASTER（LA）数据和Sentinel- 2A+ASTER（SA）数据,分析重采样岩石标准光谱信息,拟定不同岩石波段运算公式,基于多重分形理论选定不同岩石类型的阈值范围,获取主要岩性的分布;根据重采样的黑云母标准光谱曲线,选取SA数据2262 nm波段和2336 nm波段进行定向主成分分析,采用Crosta法阈值分割第二主成分,划分黑云母异常等级,将其与岩性分布相关联,识别出研究区主要岩性分布。通过岩石实测光谱分析、薄片镜下鉴定与野外地质调查相结合的方法完善解译结果。岩性提取结果显示,小赛什腾山东侧新发现“U”型条带,为辉长岩—英云闪长岩—二长花岗岩,重新圈定达肯大坂群第三岩组和第四岩组,滩间山群一组,花岗岩,二长花岗岩,黑云母花岗岩,流纹岩,似斑状石英闪长岩,石英闪长岩,英云闪长岩,辉长闪长岩和辉长岩等岩石的边界。此次基于多源遥感数据岩性识别方法研究对青海赛什腾地区野外地质调查工作具有指导意义,可为高山峡谷区地质填图提供技术参考。     

新疆罗布泊45kaBP以来沉积物元素地球化学特征及其环境指示意义

根据罗布泊新湖湖心区KY01孔沉积物中常量和微量元素的含量,应用主成分分析方法,提取了控制沉积物化学组成的3个主因子。其中第1主因子对沉积物化学组成具有绝对控制作用,通过详细分析认为该因子可作为塔里木河流域气候干湿变化的代用指标。结合剖面5个AMS14C测年结果所建立的时间标尺,初步重建了塔里木河流域4.5万年以来气候干湿变化历史。结果显示,近4.5万年来塔里木河流域气候呈逐步干旱化趋势,其中末次间冰阶中晚期以湿润气候为主,末次冰期晚冰阶以来变为以干旱气候为主,但末次冰消期晚期-全新世早期发生过明显的气候转湿事件,极端干旱气候出现在中晚全新世以来。罗布泊新湖湖心区KY01孔地化指标还揭示出塔里木河流域的水热组合模式可能是多样的,并非简单地遵循单一的西风型"冷湿-暖干"水热组合模式。     

山东省昌邑-平度地区航空电磁法测量及应用效果

航空电磁法测量是一种成本低、效率高的快速找矿方法,它是以地质体导电、导磁性能的差异为物理基础的。昌邑—平度地区构造较为复杂,并被第四系覆盖,使用双频（４６３Ｈｚ和１５６３Ｈｚ）电磁仪的Ｙ１１航空物探（电／磁）综合站,在该区飞行３０００余公里,其电磁法资料较清楚地显示了区内断裂构造及石墨、铁矿（化）体的赋存展布情况,取得了较好的效果。     

垂直和平行于断层方向的脉冲参数特性分析

如何实现速度脉冲参数化并对其参数进行特性分析是一个值得深究的问题.从NGA-West2强震动数据库选取126组近断层脉冲型地震动记录,采用速度脉冲模型,基于最小二乘法拟合得到水平分量的速度脉冲模型特征参数,研究震级、断层距、场地类别对脉冲参数的影响,并对比垂直和平行断层分量脉冲参数的特性差异.结果表明:垂直断层分量的脉...     

Objective regionalization of Rayleigh wave dispersion data by clustering algorithms: an application to the Mediterranean basin

The main target of the present study is an objective and automated regionalization of Rayleigh wave dispersion data for the Mediterranean basin, without a priori seismotectonic constraints, and to determine the corresponding regional shear-velocity structures. The database used is formed by almost 200 Rayleigh wavetrains corresponding to 42 regional events, with surface-wave magnitude greater than 4.5, recorded at the MedNet very-broad-band stations in the Mediterranean area. Path-averaged group velocities for the Rayleigh wave fundamental mode are derived for each available epicentre-station trajectory crossing the Mediterranean basin. After this, a principal component analysis and a clustering process are applied to local group velocities, obtained for 13 different periods from 10 to 70 s, in order to classify the Mediterranean basin into several homogeneous regions. The stochastic inversion of the averaged group velocity dispersion curve obtained for each region provides the respective shear-velocity structures, down to a depth of 150–160 km. The characteristics of these areas and their possible correlation with the main seismotectonic features of the Mediterranean region are discussed. The regional models reveal significant lateral changes in the elastic structure, with the main differences concerning particularly the upper 35–40 km. Within this depth range, low shear velocities, varying from 2.8 to 3.9 km s⁻¹, characterize the Eastern Mediterranean, whereas higher velocities, ranging from 3.0 to 4.2 km s⁻¹, are deduced for the Western Mediterranean. These results suggest a thicker crust in the eastern part, but with a greater thickness of sedimentary layers. However, for depths of between 80 and 110 km, lower shear velocities are obtained in the Western part, while higher shear velocities are derived for the Eastern Mediterranean Sea, in the Aegean Sea, Greece, the south of Italy, Sicily and Tunisia. This velocity pattern suggests an averaged thicker lithosphere under the latter areas, as the top of the asthenosphere is detected at a mean depth of 75 km for the remaining regions. This thicker lithosphere can be related to processes associated with the convergence of the Eurasian and African plates and subduction under the Calabrian and Hellenic Arcs.     

The characteristics,origins, and geodynamic settings of supergiant gold metallogenic provinces

An investigation of the rock magnetic properties using stepwise isothermal remanence (IRM) acquisition, thermomagnetic analysis and temperature-dependent susceptibility history, identifies magnetite as the carrier of the main fraction of the remanence, associated with maghemite and hematite in Malan loess (L1), Holocene soil (S0) and last-glacial paleosol (S1). The presence of short-lived direction fluctuations indicates that no significant smoothing occurs in L1 when its remanence is locked, and thus L1 is capable of recording the geomagnetic secular variation (PSV), while the PSV has been severely smoothed or wiped out by pedogenic processes during S1 formation. It has been suggested that the Mono Lake and Laschamp excursions are two independent geomagnetic events based on this study.