基于可靠性的海洋石油平台维修策略研究

针对海洋石油平台传统维修方式依赖经验的缺陷,从可靠性分析角度来制定维修策略,包括确定最佳维修周期和制定设备的检修顺序。以胜利油田埕岛中心一号海洋石油动力平台电力系统为例,采用基于最小割集的数值仿真方法进行故障树分析,通过任务可靠度推出任务时间,实现以可靠性为中心的最佳预防性维修周期的确定。此外,对系统进行重要度分析,按关键重要度大小进行排序,从而制定设备的检修顺序。     

利用AMTIS数据反演植被和土壤温度

遥感陆面温度 (LST)是目前遥感界面临的重要课题 ,组分温度反演则为LST反演的主攻目标。如果混合像元组分间的温度及发射率存在明显差别 ,就可以从多角度热辐射亮度变化中分离出组分温度的信息。在热辐射矩阵模型的基础上 ,讨论了确定可反演参数和反演组分温度的方法 ,并以AMTIS多角度热红外图像为数据源 ,在进行几何和大气纠正后 ,尝试利用矩阵反演方法分解混合像元中的植被和土壤温度。误差分析表明土壤温度反演结果较好 ,但植被温度的反演精度不高     

地磁绝对子夜均值年变化量空间分布特征

选用中国21个地磁基准台站2011年的绝对子夜均值数据,分析D、H、Z分量年变化量空间分布特征。结果显示,各分量年变化量等值线分布比较均匀,其中:D分量年变化量等值线大致沿南北向分布,零经线附近台站年变化量较小;H分量年变化量等值线大致呈U型分布,且中心点位于甘肃省;Z分量年变化量等值线沿纬线方向,随纬度减小而增大。     

基于WorldView-II与Aster数据的Fe信息提取——以南极拉斯曼丘陵为例

利用World View-Ⅱ遥感影像高空间分辨率和高波谱分辨率的数据优点,结合Aster数据波段互补的优势,进行南极大陆边缘拉斯曼丘陵Fe信息提取研究。研究结果表明,使用World View-Ⅱ与Aster数据对比分析的主成分法,提取Fe3+信息,采用World View-Ⅱ与Aster协同数据下的波段运算法,提取Fe2+信息,可以达到优势互补的目的。Fe信息提取结果显示,含铁矿物信息分布区主要集中在混合片麻岩与副片麻岩区域,分别占Fe信息总面积的80.39%和15.73%,与野外调查结果基本一致。     

Sorption of carbon dioxide–methane mixtures

The paper reports the results of experiments concerning the sorption/desorption processes, observed under laboratory conditions, in two types of coal extracted from operational coal-mines in Poland, using CH₄ and CO₂ to observe their relative inter-reaction with the coal samples when introduced in varying proportions and conditions. Numerous studies concerning the sorption/desorption phenomena have described the operational mechanisms and the relationship of mine gases to the organically-created coal-body in mines. The differences in the behaviour of certain gases is twofold: firstly the essentially different characteristics of CO₂ and CH₄, and secondly the structure of the coal-bed itself: its degree of metamorphism and content of macerals. From the results yielded, it was observed that the divergence of the isotherms of sorption of CH₄ and other gases in comparison with the isotherms of sorption of CO₂ and a CO₂/CH₄ mixture differed and that the curve on the sorption isotherm was more clearly distinct after the introduction of CO₂ molecules to the system: coal with a higher degree of metamorphism—CH₄, which is closely related to the rigidity of the structure according to the level of metamorphism. Since coals with higher carbon content exhibit lower molecular bonding than low-carbonised coals, the characteristic feature of the bonds in the first case is their mobility. Knowledge of the physical and chemical properties of hard coals, as well as their interaction with mining gases, is of great use in solving problems concerned with the extraction of methane from mines or its storage in goafs.     

安徽淮北平原浅层地下水水质特征分析

以安徽淮北平原浅层地下水中的水质状况为研究对象,有针对性地采集了浅层地下水水样151个,应用多种方法测试了26种水样指标。综合分析结果表明:安徽淮北平原浅层地下水色度、浊度超标率小于10%;pH均值为7.6,为中性偏碱性水;HCO3—Na.Ca、HCO3—Na、SO4—Na、HCO3.SO4—Na.Mg等4种水化学类型占62.9%;硬度和TDS均值分别为481mg/L,641mg/L;Fe、Mn超标率分别为50.8%,46.9%;F-均值为1.4mg/L,低洼地势含氟矿物的溶解是导致F-局部偏高的主要原因,最高可达4.1mg/L;CODMn变化范围为1.0～3.5mg/L,有机污染程度低;三氮浓度随深度的增加而减少,农药化肥的过量使用是导致NO3--N和NH4+-N超标的主要原因,NO2--N超标19.1%,且与Fe2+浓度呈正相关关系(相关系数为0.933)。主成分分析发现,地下水的交换吸附作用、溶滤作用,原始沉积环境以及农业生产活动是影响其水质的主要因素。     

曹妃甸近岸及周边海区碎屑矿物组成特征及其环境意义

为探讨曹妃甸近岸及周边海区沉积物碎屑矿物组成特征以及曹妃甸大规模围填海工程对其影响,作者对2013年10月采自曹妃甸及周边海区的表层沉积物样品采用轻重矿物分离的方法进行了鉴定。结果表明:大规模围填海工程在改变曹妃甸岸线形态的同时也改变了其冲淤环境,使得碎屑矿物组分在大规模围填海前后发生一定变化。研究区的沉积物整体以轻矿物为主,平均含量为97.83%,其中曹妃甸近岸平均含量为95.57%;重矿物平均含量为2.17%,其中曹妃甸近岸平均含量为4.43%。研究区的重矿物优势矿物主要有普通角闪石、绿帘石和自生黄铁矿,其中普通角闪石所占比例在曹妃甸近岸达到最高值(36.41%);轻矿物的优势矿物主要有石英、斜长石和风化碎屑,其中石英所占比例也在曹妃甸近岸达到最高值(62.72%)。研究发现,曹妃甸近岸沉积物碎屑矿物相对含量增加而重矿物基本不变,这在一定程度上揭示了大规模人工围填海工程对曹妃甸近岸及周边海区沉积环境的影响。     

基于地磁与红外双模探测的海洋浮标预警系统设计

设计了一种基于地磁检测与红外感应相结合、可对浮标周围异常目标进行探测和预警的控制系统。系统采用芯片级的微型磁感线圈,以及高集成度、低功耗的数据采集与总线技术,通过探测船体磁性对地磁场的扰动,监测船舶对浮标的靠近;采用芯片级的热释电红外传感器,通过探测人体红外辐射,监测浮标在正常工作期间未知人员的入侵。系统的预警采用声光报警和图像远程传输相结合的方式,现场采集的图像数据经过压缩编码后通过无线数传电台发送至远程岸基监测站,实现海洋浮标的远程预警与现场取证功能。     

地磁场强度变化对暴露年代测定的影响及校正

在103-105a的尺度上,地磁场强度变化是影响陆地宇生核素生成速率的主要因素,其影响程度取决于样品的地理位置和暴露时间。根据已有的磁场古强度数据,模拟200 ka以来海拔2 km、25°N和40°N的地表10Be生成速率的变化,进而分析地表宇生核素生成速率变化对岩石暴露年代测定的影响及其模式年龄的校正。校正磁场强度变化后,海拔2 km、25°N上,50-200 ka的模式年龄可被压缩14%~19%,大于1σ的误差,相同海拔40°N上的模式年龄可减小约8%。对中低纬两组模式年龄的校正充分证明,磁场强度引起的陆地宇生核素生成速率变化是暴露年代测定中主要误差源之一,尤其在低纬高海拔地区这一影响更不容忽视。     

The outer core rotation about an inclined axis from geomagnetic secular variations (Mitteilungen des Zentralinstituts für Physik der Erde,Nr. 1832)

Non-axisymmetric motions of the outer core of the Earth are important for the dynamo problem and the excitation of the decade variations of the polar motion. The components of the vector of a rigid rotation of the outer core about an inclined axis were estimated by a first-order approximation of the frozen- field theory of the geomagnetic secular variation from 1903.5 to 1975.5. The trends and quasi-periodic constituents of these quantities were computed. It was shown that the position and time behaviour of the rotational pole of the outer core differ considerably from the well-know co-ordinates of the dipole axis. Some periods of the equatorial components of the rotational vector are comparable with those of the axial component previously derived for a pure axial rotation. Additionally, the time behaviour of the pole path shows events like the well-known Markowitz wobble but naturally with other extent. These and other results suggested that the investigations are worth to be continued in future by some physical interpretations.