Systematic Geometric Image Measurement Errors of Circular Object Targets: Mathematical Formulation and Correction

The use of circular object targets is very common in spatial photogrammetric object reconstruction. An object circle is projected on to the image plane as an ellipse if the object plane and the image plane are not parallel to each other. The image co-ordinates of the centre of the ellipse are usually determined automatically by means of digital image processing. These co-ordinates are then used as observations for a subsequent reconstruction of the three dimensional object point. The image co-ordinates of the centre of the ellipse and the true co-ordinates of the projected centre of the circular object target are not identical; thus eccentricity is caused, resulting in systematic geometric image measurement errors. This paper describes the functional context of this eccentricity for a typical target/camera set-up. The possible solutions for a correction of this systematic eccentricity error are derived. Guidelines for the correct combination of object target sizes and exposure distances, guaranteeing reliable image point measurements and accurate object point determination, are proposed.     

地磁绝对测量大台距差值法对强震的反应

在应用地磁绝对测量预测地震中,为适应我国大陆地磁台距大的状况,充分利用地磁场等变线有规则分布特征,使原来仅限于小台距的差值预报法扩大到大台距,并取得了一定的预报效果,自1996年以来已获得M_s ≥ 6. 0震例6组次,并在震前做了一定程度的预测。     

GPS测量所揭示的西秦岭北缘断裂带现今活动特征

西秦岭北缘断裂带是甘肃省东南部重点地震监视区内一条主要活动断裂带。为了研究该断裂的现今活动特征,在断裂两侧布设了ＧＰＳ监测网,从１９９６～１９９８年完成了３期观测。测量结果表明,断裂北、南两侧存在明显的差异运动,南侧向东运动的速率比北侧大３．８ｍｍ／ａ。在ＧＰＳ网中,缩短的这基本上为东西方向,伸长的边基本上为北西－南东方向。本区的主压应力方向为近东西向。断裂带的东部（武山附近）左旋特征明显。测量结     

天津及邻近地区中强地震震源区水文地球化学环境与特征的研究

天津及邻近地区自１９６６年３月６日至今一般说来卅余年的时间内先后发生了邢台、渤海、唐山三次７级以上大地震和十余次６级中强地震,为研究该区的水文地球化学环境提供了有利条件,作者依据该区域内３９２口井,５０００多个水样,２０余个项目的分析资料,探讨了中强地震震源区水文地球化学环境与特征,为探索利用水文地球化学方法判定潜在震源区开辟了新的途径。     

Determination of the absolute32S/34S ratio of IAEA-S-1 reference material and V-CDT sulfur isotope standard

The absolute³²S/³⁴S ratios of IAEA-S-1 reference material and V-CDT standard are determined. For cross-checking, two sets of synthetic isotope mixtures are prepared from high purity³²S and³⁴S-enriched materials in different forms: the first set is prepared from BaSO₄ whereas the second is prepared from Ag₂S. The sulfur isotope analyses are done by using SF₆ method with a MAT-251 EM mass spectrometer. The resulting³²S/³⁴S ratio of IAEAS-1 reference material is 22. 656 4 ±0.006 0, and that of V-CDT is 22.649 6 ± 0.006 0. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 86020341).     

影响煤层渗透率测试的若干因素

通过对中国8个矿区10口煤层气评价井的试井工作,讨论了影响煤层渗透率测试的若干因素,认为钻井作业对煤层的伤害、煤体结构及较高的有效地应力是主要影响因素;而煤的变质程度虽然对煤的割理发育起控制作用,但不是煤层渗透率测试的主要影响因素。      

IMGRASS中的尺度转换和现实的定量遥感

讨论了传统点测量数据的代表性与ＩＭＧＲＡＳＳ项目的需求之间的矛盾,分析了遥感信息的特长以及局限性,并在现实的条件下提出了一种切实可行的尺度转换方法。     

Optimizing the dataset size of a topo-bathymetric survey for Hammam Debagh Dam,Algeria

The capacity of water reservoirs may be considerably reduced by sediment transport and accumulation. This phenomenon may occur quickly in regions prone to erosion, such as Hammam Debagh Dam region in Algeria. For better management of water resources, it is important to estimate the volume of a reservoir by regular and frequent topo-bathymetric surveys. Topo-bathymetric surveys with a high point measurement density are expensive and time-consuming. To reduce this expense and to increase the frequency of topo-bathymetric surveys, it is required to optimize their size and density. The complete survey of the reservoir created by the Hammam Debagh Dam in Algeria was examined in comparison with 19 reduction subsets using geostatistics. The study showed that the complete dataset of 32,164 points, corresponding to a density of 42 points ha^-1 could be reduced to 10,000 points, i.e. 13 points ha^-1, without affecting the estimation of the water volume in the reservoir. This reduction could considerably simplify the work load, reduce the expenses to do these surveys, and, therefore, allow for an increased frequency of topo-bathymetric surveys.     

大同市地裂缝三维断层形变测量值与辅助温度的相关分析

简要介绍同车公司地裂缝观测站情况,以2013年至2016年数字化改造后的观测数据为基础,结合仪器工作原理,分析三维断层形变测量仪测值与观测仪两端辅助温度测值的关系。结果表明,地裂缝三维断层形变观测中,垂直向DFG观测受地裂缝两端辅助温度影响较显著,地裂缝垂直形变变化是热形变效应和断层运动信息的综合反映。     

延庆台井下小极距地电阻率观测系统分析

随着经济建设的发展, 地电阻率定点观测区环境被干扰严重影响观测质量, 装置系统在地表布设的工作方式难以取得有效观测和持续发展, 因此装置系统向井下深部布设受到人们关注。 同时, 地表大极距观测方式难以持续发展, 也促使地电阻率定点观测向井下小极距观测方式发展。 井下小极距观测相比地表大极距观测占地面积小, 能较好地排除或减弱地表测区环境干扰对观测结果的影响, 既能适应经济发展的需要, 又能较好地为地震监测服务。 2018年, 在总结已建井下地电阻率台站布极方式和建设工艺的基础上, 新建延庆台井下小极距地电阻率观测。 本文重点分析了延庆台井下小极距地电阻率观测装置系统建设中的几个关键问题, 如水平向和垂直向观测相结合、 布极方式、 电极制作和埋设深度等装置系统技术过程, 以及水平向和垂直向观测装置系数的计算等。 延庆台建设较好地获得了近全空间观测布设, 从理论上解决了井下小极距地电阻率建设的难点, 为将来要进行井下小极距地电阻率观测装置系统建设的台站提供参考。