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91.
有关埃达克岩实验应用中几个问题的探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
实验研究非常重要,是花岗岩(和埃达克岩)理论创新的源泉之一。近年来,国内在埃达克岩实验研究方面取得了很大的成绩。在这个领域,中国在国际上是处于领先水平的,虽然得到的认识并不相同,这是很正常的。本文讨论了与埃达克岩有关的一些实验研究问题,认为:1下地壳底部是缺水的,花岗岩是在缺水条件下部分熔融的,应当慎重对待在饱和水和有水加入情况下的实验结果。2要注意残留相组分中是否有斜长石出现,不能只关注石榴石,石榴石与斜长石配合起来才能得出正确的认识。3 1.0 GPa压力下石榴石出现线的真实含义是什么?它只表明与之平衡的熔体是贫Yb的。但是,贫Yb的花岗岩不只是埃达克岩,喜马拉雅型花岗岩也贫Yb,因此,还需要考虑斜长石消失的情况,如果石榴石出现而斜长石消失了,熔体是埃达克岩;如果石榴石出现而斜长石没有消失,则熔体为喜马拉雅型花岗岩。由于国外没有喜马拉雅型花岗岩的概念,因此,对国外某些在1 GPa条件下得到的实验资料应当仔细鉴别,也许其中有一些熔体并非埃达克岩,而是喜马拉雅型花岗岩。4相变反应不同于部分熔融反应,不能把相变反应的结果解释为部分熔融的结果。相变反应是在温度压力增加的情况下发生的,不是产生花岗岩的主要方式;部分熔融反应主要是在温度增加压力不变的条件下发生的,是产生花岗岩的主要方式。5实验研究得出的一个重要的结论是:与榴辉岩平衡的熔体是埃达克岩,因此,埃达克岩的真谛可能就是非常简单的一句话:源区有石榴石无斜长石。只要符合这个标志,与其平衡的熔体必然是高Sr低Yb的;只要符合这个标志,与其平衡的熔体必然是在较高的压力下形成的。高压可能就是埃达克岩最重要的构造意义。 相似文献
92.
西藏日喀则地区白朗蛇绿岩中石榴辉石岩的岩石地球化学、年代学及其构造意义 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
白朗石榴辉石岩位于西藏南部雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩带上,地处于日喀则地区白朗县境内,因其具有重要的大地构造位置和意义,得到了国内外诸多学者关注。国内外学者对该岩体的研究有助于深入剖析雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩带的就位机制。本文以白朗石榴辉石岩为研究对象,其野外产出为构造岩块,围岩为没有变形特征的蛇纹石化地幔橄榄岩,早白垩世昂仁组和紫红色硅质岩也没有构造变质现象,且石榴辉石岩与蛇纹石化地幔橄榄岩间界限截然。通过对其进行岩石地球化学和年代学的研究,并结合大地构造动力学观点,认为西藏日喀则地区石榴辉石岩属钙碱性超基性岩,形成于无流体无水的稳定物理化学环境中,略亏损高场强元素Th、Ta、Nb等,锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄为149.0±3.1Ma,且锆石εHf(t)平均值为+17.7,说明原始岩浆主要源于亏损地幔,且没有发生岩浆混染。总结:本文确定白朗石榴辉石岩原始岩浆来源于上地幔,并且该岩石的形成与印度板块和欧亚板块俯冲有关,但在该岩石形成过程中印度板块和欧亚板块没有发生陆陆碰撞。 相似文献
93.
High‐pressure kyanite‐bearing felsic granulites in the Bashiwake area of the south Altyn Tagh (SAT) subduction–collision complex enclose mafic granulites and garnet peridotite‐hosted sapphirine‐bearing metabasites. The predominant felsic granulites are garnet + quartz + ternary feldspar (now perthite) rocks containing kyanite, plagioclase, biotite, rutile, spinel, corundum, and minor zircon and apatite. The quartz‐bearing mafic granulites contain a peak pressure assemblage of garnet + clinopyroxene + ternary feldspar (now mesoperthite) + quartz + rutile. The sapphirine‐bearing metabasites occur as mafic layers in garnet peridotite. Petrographical data suggest a peak assemblage of garnet + clinopyroxene + kyanite + rutile. Early kyanite is inferred from a symplectite of sapphirine + corundum + plagioclase ± spinel, interpreted to have formed during decompression. Garnet peridotite contains an assemblage of garnet + olivine + orthopyroxene + clinopyroxene. Thermobarometry indicates that all rock types experienced peak P–T conditions of 18.5–27.3 kbar and 870–1050 °C. A medium–high pressure granulite facies overprint (780–820 °C, 9.5–12 kbar) is defined by the formation of secondary clinopyroxene ± orthopyroxene + plagioclase at the expense of garnet and early clinopyroxene in the mafic granulites, as well as by growth of spinel and plagioclase at the expense of garnet and kyanite in the felsic granulite. SHRIMP II zircon U‐Pb geochronology yields ages of 493 ± 7 Ma (mean of 11) from the felsic granulite, 497 ± 11 Ma (mean of 11) from sapphirine‐bearing metabasite and 501 ± 16 Ma (mean of 10) from garnet peridotite. Rounded zircon morphology, cathodoluminescence (CL) sector zoning, and inclusions of peak metamorphic minerals indicate these ages reflect HP/HT metamorphism. Similar ages determined for eclogites from the western segment of the SAT suggest that the same continental subduction/collision event may be responsible for HP metamorphism in both areas. 相似文献
94.
A mid‐ocean ridge basalt (MORB)‐type eclogite from the Moldanubian domain in the Bohemian Massif retains evidence of its prograde path in the form of inclusions of hornblende, plagioclase, clinopyroxene, titanite, ilmenite and rutile preserved in zoned garnet. Prograde zoning involves a flat grossular core followed by a grossular spike and decrease at the rim, whereas Fe/(Fe + Mg) is also flat in the core and then decreases at the rim. In a pseudosection for H2O‐saturated conditions, garnet with such a zoning grows along an isothermal burial path at c. 750 °C from 10 kbar in the assemblage plagioclase‐hornblende‐diopsidic clinopyroxene‐quartz, then in hornblende‐diopsidic clinopyroxene‐quartz, and ends its growth at 17–18 kbar. From this point, there is no pseudosection‐based information on further increase in pressure or temperature. Then, with garnet‐clinopyroxene thermometry, the focus is on the dependence on, and the uncertainties stemming from the unknown Fe3+ content in clinopyroxene. Assuming no Fe3+ in the clinopyroxene gives a serious and unwarranted upward bias to calculated temperatures. A Fe3+‐contributed uncertainty of ±40 °C combined with a calibration and other uncertainties gives a peak temperature of 760 ± 90 °C at 18 kbar, consistent with no further heating following burial to eclogite facies conditions. Further pseudosection modelling suggests that decompression to c. 12 kbar occurred essentially isothermally from the metamorphic peak under H2O‐undersaturated conditions (c. 1.3 mol.% H2O) that allowed the preservation of the majority of garnet with symplectitic as well as relict clinopyroxene. The modelling also shows that a MORB‐type eclogite decompressed to c. 8 kbar ends as an amphibolite if it is H2O saturated, but if it is H2O‐undersaturated it contains assemblages with orthopyroxene. Increasing H2O undersaturation causes an earlier transition to SiO2 undersaturation on decompression, leading to the appearance of spinel‐bearing assemblages. Granulite facies‐looking overprints of eclogites may develop at amphibolite facies conditions. 相似文献
95.
M. ROBYR W. D. CARLSON C. PASSCHIER P. VONLANTHEN 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2009,27(6):423-437
The growth history of two populations of snowball garnet from the Lukmanier Pass area (central Swiss Alps) was examined through a detailed analysis of three-dimensional geometry, chemical zoning and crystallographic orientation. The first population, collected in the hinge of a chevron-type fold, shows an apparent rotation of 360°. The first 270° are characterized by spiral-shaped inclusion trails, gradual and concentric Mn zoning and a single crystallographic orientation, whereas in the last 90°, crenulated inclusion trails and secondary Mn maxima centred on distinct crystallographic garnet domains are observed. Microstructural, geochemical and textural data indicate a radical change in growth regime between the two growth sequences. In the first 270°, growth occurred under rotational non-coaxial flow, whereas in the last 90°, garnet grew under a non-rotational shortening regime. The second population, collected in the limb of the same chevron-type fold structure, is characterized by a spiral geometry that does not exceed 270° of apparent rotation. These garnet microstructures do not record any evidence for a modification of the stress field during garnet growth. Concentric Mn zoning as well as a single crystallographic orientation are observed for the entire spiral. Electron backscatter diffraction data indicate that nearly all central domains in the snowball garnet are characterized by one [001] axis oriented (sub-)parallel to the symmetry axis and by another [001] axis oriented (sub-)parallel to the orientation of the internal foliation. These features suggest that the crystallographic orientation across the garnet spiral is not random and that a relation exists among the symmetry axis, the internal foliation and the crystallographic orientation. 相似文献
96.
A. J. ZINGG 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1995,13(3):431-443
Abstract End-member, continuous and degenerate reactions are derived for the multisystem with the six components Na2O, CaO, (Mg/Fe)O, Al2O3, SiO2, H2O among the phases plagioclasess, garnetss, amphiboless, cpx, opx, olivine, spinel, quartz and an aqueous fluid. The chemography of this system is degenerate due to the co-linearity 2Opx = Ol + Qtz. This co-linearity has its implications both on reaction space and phase equilibria. From a total of 28 reaction systems, reaction space is derived for nine subsystems (phases in parentheses are absent): Case A1: (Cpx,Ol) (Cpx,Opx) and (Cpx,Qtz), Case A2: (Spl,Ol) (Spl,Opx) and (Spl,Qtz), Case B: (Ol,Opx) (Ol,Qtz) and (Opx,Qtz). In the absence of either cpx or spl (case A), three reactions form an invariant point, either [Cpx] or [Spl], where the co-linear phases olivine, opx and quartz coexist on the transformation line 2Opx = Ol + Qtz. Changing mineral compositions force invariant points to move along the line with the different reaction curves changing their relative position according to Schreinemakers’rules. Zero contours, i.e. the location where (a) phase(s) disappear(s) in reaction space correspond to singular points in phase diagrams. Two types are distinguished; singular points of indispensable and of substitutable phases. In the first case the phase disappears from the entire bundle while in the second it disappears from a single reaction. In the specific case where the substitutable phases are also the co-linear ones, two of the three co-linear phases disappear simultaneously. Two of the three reaction curves coincide. In the system including Cpx and Spl (Case B) three reactions, (Ol,Opx) (Ol,Qtz) and (Opx,Qtz), oppose three invariant points, [Ol], [Opx] and [Qtz]. Invariant points no longer move along the line 2Opx = Ol + Qtz. The coincidence of the zero contours of all three co-linear phases in reaction space-the result of the chemographic degeneracy-causes the respective singular points to coincide in the phase diagrams. This is the location where curves must be rearranged in a bundle to conform Schreinemakers’rules. The reaction Grs1Prp2= 2 Ol + An is fourth order degenerate and part of all nine subsystems (cases A and B). It can be used to relate the different phase diagrams to one another. 相似文献
97.
A. H. N. RICE 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1984,2(3):219-236
Abstract Two periods of garnet growth (Gt1 and Gt2) have been found in the Finnmarkian nappes of north Norway. In the Kolvik Nappe (the lowest nappe) Gt1 has preserved an S2 syntectonic spiral inclusion fabric; in the Olderfjord Nappe an earlier S1 fabric and an interkinematic inter-D1–D2 fabric have been preserved in Gt1 whilst only the S1 fabric has been found in Gt1 in the Brennsvik Nappe (the highest nappe). In each nappe Gt2 overgrew a penetrative fabric (S2) wrapped around Gt1. In the Kolvik Nappe inclusion fabrics may be continuous from Gt1 into Gt2 but in the higher nappes there is a distinct break. Gt2 may have been partially syntectonic with D3 in the Brennsvik Nappe. Chemically Gt1 in the Kolvik Nappe and in parts of the Olderfjord and Brennsvik Nappes has antithetic Fe-Mn zoning. In all nappes XCa and XMg are weakly zoned in Gt1; XMg increases outwards and is greater in the higher nappes in Gt1 suggesting higher nucleation temperatures. In the Olderfjord and Brennsvik Nappes Gt2 is marked by increasing XCa, probably due to changing garnet-plagioclase equilibria, although the Fe/Mg ratio remains constant. XMg is higher in Gt2 than Gt1. Basement rocks within the nappe pile have an early pre-Finnmarkian growth (Gt1) and a later Finnmarkian growth (GtH) correlated with Gt2 on the basis of chemical zoning patterns. The diachroneity of Gt1 is ascribed to progressively earlier (compared to the structural development) cessation of overstepping of garnet-forming reactions before peak metamorphism in the higher nappes, resulting in earlier structural events being preserved. 相似文献
98.
Abstract The Saint-Martin des Noyers Formation is interpreted as a slice of an island-arc system of Lower to Middle Palaeozoic age, located in the internal part of the Variscan orogen in Vendée (Armorican Massif, France). Metamorphosed igneous rocks range in composition from ultramafic to rhyolitic. The regular increase in the FeO/(FeO+MgO) ratio, from mafic to silicic samples, results in a systematic variability in the nature and composition of the metamorphic phases. In basaltic samples, the occurrence of relict garnet-barroisite assemblages suggests relatively high-pressure conditions for the peak of metamorphism. During a subsequent retrograde evolution, the primary barroisitic hornblendes recrystallized to texturally complex mixtures of actinolite and hornblende. Despite this complication, it is possible to decipher a P–T-t path based on amphibole chemistry. The P–T trajectory deduced is dominated by the effect of pressure and consistent with early underthrusting and subsequent tectonic uplift of the ancient arc of Saint-Martin des Noyers. 相似文献
99.
Exhumation History of a Garnet Pyroxenite-bearing Mantle Section from a Continent-Ocean Transition (Northern Apennine Ophiolites, Italy) 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Garnet clinopyroxenite and garnet websterite layers occur locallywithin mantle peridotite bodies from the External Liguride Jurassicophiolites (Northern Apennines, Italy). These ophiolites werederived from an oceancontinent transition similar tothe present-day western Iberian margin. The garnet clinopyroxenitesare mafic rocks with a primary mineral assemblage of pyrope-richgarnet + sodic Al-augite (Na2O 2·5 wt %, Al2O3 12·5wt %), with accessory graphite, FeNi sulphides and rutile.Decompression caused Na-rich plagioclase (An5045) exsolutionin clinopyroxene porphyroclasts and extensive development ofsymplectites composed of secondary orthopyroxene + plagioclase(An8572) + Al-spinel ± clinopyroxene ±ilmenite at the interface between garnet and primary clinopyroxene.Further decompression is recorded by the development of an olivine+ plagioclase-bearing assemblage, locally under syn-kinematicconditions, at the expense of two-pyroxenes + Al-spinel. Mg-richgarnet has been also found in the websterite layers, which arecommonly characterized by the occurrence of symplectites madeof orthopyroxene + Al-spinel ± clinopyroxene. The enclosingperidotites are Ti-amphibole-bearing lherzolites with a fertilegeochemical signature and a widespread plagioclase-facies myloniticfoliation, which preserve in places a spinel tectonite fabric.LuHf and SmNd mineral isochrons (220 ±13 Ma and 186.0 ± 1·8 Ma, respectively) have beenobtained from a garnet clinopyroxenite layer and interpretedas cooling ages. Geothermobarometric estimates for the high-pressureequilibration have yielded T 1100°C and P 2·8 GPa.The early decompression was associated with moderate cooling,corresponding to T 950°, and development of a spinel tectonitefabric in the lherzolites. Further decompression associatedwith plagioclaseolivine growth in both peridotites andpyroxenites was nearly isothermal. The shallow evolution occurredunder a brittle regime and led to the superposition of hornblendeto serpentine veining stages. The garnet pyroxenite-bearingmantle from the External Liguride ophiolites represents a raretectonic sampling of deep levels of subcontinental lithosphereexhumed in an oceanic setting. The exhumation was probably accomplishedthrough a two-step process that started during Late Palaeozoiccontinental extension. The low-pressure portion of the exhumationpath, probably including also the plagioclase mylonitic shearzones, was related to the Mesozoic (Triassic to Jurassic) riftingthat led to continental break-up. In Jurassic times, the studiedmantle sequence became involved in an extensional detachmentprocess that resulted in sea-floor denudation. KEY WORDS: garnet pyroxenite; ophiolite; non-volcanic margin; mantle exhumation; SmNd and LuHf geochronology 相似文献
100.
中国东部陆下岩石圈地幔中的再循环地壳流体组分 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
地幔捕虏体中的流体组分记录了地幔演化的信息,可用来认识地幔中再循环地壳组分的性质和来源。采用分步加热质谱法测定中国东部二辉橄榄岩捕虏体组成矿物中流体挥发份的碳、氢和氧同位素组成,结合化学组成(Zhang et al., 2004)综合分析表明,早期流体包裹体、矿物晶格缺陷和空隙中的流体挥发分主要在高温段(800-1200°C)释出,CO2和CO显示较轻的δ13C值,与世界其它地区地幔捕虏体明显不同;晚期流体包裹体中的流体挥发分主要在低温段(300-600°C)释出。根据中国东部地幔演化事件、地幔矿物性质认为陆下岩石圈地幔中三种类型的流体挥发份中均存在来源不同的再循环地壳组分:(1)地幔初始流体:主要为耐熔矿物橄榄石在800-1200°C释出的流体组分,华北克拉通地幔初始流体的化学组成(主要为CO)与华南克拉通(主要为CO2)明显不同,反映二者拼合前各自演化时期捕获的流体组分。地幔特征的δD、δ13CCH4和δ18OCO2反映初始流体组分可能为元古代克拉通大陆型岩石圈地幔成分,较轻的CO2 和 CO的δ13C值揭示初始流体中存在部分再循环地壳流体,可能在1.9Ga的大陆碰撞过程中混入。(2)地幔交代流体:指斜方辉石和单斜辉石800-1200°C释气峰的流体组分,以H2为主。华北克拉通交代流体主要组分H2含量(80.73 mm3.STP/g) 明显低于华南克拉通(138.91 mm3.STP/g),地幔特征的δDH2和δ13CCH4表明交代流体主体为地幔来源,较轻的δ13CCO2,CO和较重δ18OCO2揭示其中存在再循环陆壳流体,其可能的来源为华北与华南中生代拼合过程中的壳幔相互作用。(3)岩石圈减薄流体:指二辉橄榄岩捕虏体组成矿物在400-600°C释放出的流体,华北与华南克拉通在流体组成方面相似,壳源特征的CO2、CO和CH4的δ13C值,以及较轻的δ18OCO2和δDH2O值指示该流体可能为岩石圈地幔减薄过程中引起的再循环洋壳流体,可能与中国东部转换带中水平俯冲的太平洋岩石圈(或其前身)脱气有关。 相似文献