地震前兆观测异常信号识别的困难与局限性

地震前兆观测异常信号识别是前兆研究的基础,但是前兆现象的识别始终存有较大争议,从前兆观测系统,环境影响因素,观测量自身物理规律,前兆特征和数据处理方法等方面分析了前兆识别中存在的客观困难和局限性,文中提出了一些观点,希冀通过对存在问题的客观认识,寻求在当前认识水平和条件下地震前兆研究的途径。     

1997年新疆伽师强震群序列活动特征

以１９９７年伽师强群序列基础资料,分析了其频度衰减特征,ｈ值动态演化,强震群动态发生过程以及序列各参数的动态演变与强,余震发生的关系,最后给出伽强震群中长,中,短和临震预报的新思路,同时讨论了实施强震群动态跟踪临震预报的可能性。     

基于新疆地震知识的地震预报专家系统的研究

依据新疆南北天山带地震预报实践中b值和η值的异常判据,对运用于地震预报专家系统（ＥＳＣＥＰ）测震学方法的主要异常判别指标进行了个性,并对个性前后的计算结果进行了对比分析,对预报效能进行了评价。结果表明,个性后的专家系统知识库预报效能明显提高,虚报和漏报率明显下降,预报效能明显提高,虚报和漏报率明显下降,预报效能通过检验,说明修改后了专场主家系统知识库更适合新疆地区中短期地震预报。     

1998年初北京地区震磁监测

为了加强北京地区地震活动性的监视预报,１９９８年１－２月开展了北京测网与临时台相互配合的地磁加强观测。根据压磁理论与地震应磁效应,应用同步差值,图像演化,快谱幅比等多种方法,分析处理了大量地磁资料,研究了地磁时空变化,探讨了可能存在的震磁前兆消息。     

断裂密度法在新疆地震预报中的应用

断裂密度衍是引自吉尔吉斯斯坦的一种测震学地震预报新方法,用以探索大震之前某一区域或地段面断裂密度的异常变化。应用该方法对新疆天山部分地区进行系统研究后,根据研究结果制定出了具有一定信度的定量或半定量预报指标。     

地下流体地震前兆多层次跟踪法在华南及沿海地区的应用

利用多层次跟踪法,对８０年代以来华南及沿海地区发生的９次大于Ｍｓ５．０级和２次陆区接近Ｍｓ５．０级地震的发震时间进行了系统验证。在１１个震例中预测时段正确的有：中期１０个、短期５个和短临２个,表明该方法应用于华南及其沿海地区未来中强震发震时间的预报。     

阿图什地震台对伽师几次强震的短临预报

１９９７年１月２１日伽师强震群发生前和震群过程中,位于震中附近的新疆克州地震局根据区域地震活动的某些背景性异常和阿图什、乌恰地震台仅有的三项前兆观测手段出现的异常,成功地实现了３次短临预报。本文对此加以分析总结,以促进与其他专业台站和地方台站的交流。     

二滩水电站水库诱发地震预测

二滩水电站是国内仅次于长江三峡水电站正在建设中的最大水电站。二滩水电站水库可能诱发ＭＳ＝５．０±０．５的水库地震;在二滩水电站水库区域里的４条主要断层中的３条断层诱发水库地震的条件概率是相当高的;在各主要断层中诱发水库地震的概率排序为树河－普威断层,李明久断层,西番田断层,头滩断层     

Analysis of the institutional and social responses to the eruption and the lahars of Mount Pinatubo volcano from 1991 to 1998 (Central Luzon, Philippines)

Mount Pinatubo volcano erupted in June 1991 in the main island of Luzon belonging to the Philippines archipelago. Huge economic losses and population exodus have followed. This major crisis has been relayed with other crises due to rain-fed lahars which have been supplied with eruption deposits. These lahars have occurred every year since 1991 during the rainy season. They will probably last until 2005. After a brief presentation of the Philippine official response system to disasters, this paper draws up a critical analysis of the different kinds of institutional and social responses deployed to manage the different crisis and post-crisis phases of this event. Based on three viewpoints: from population, media and other actors, this analysis attempts to point out the strengths and weaknesses of the official management system, especially by studying the efficiency and the range of the solutions taken. So, it appears that the management of the June 1991 main crisis (eruption) was a success. On the other hand, difficulties have occurred with lahars risk management. Indeed, these lahars have obliged the authorities to protect and relocate thousands of people. In spite of persistent problems, the management system (monitoring/warning/evacuation) of lahar crises improves year after year. Failures appear especially within the rehabilitation program (protection/rehousing). Many direct (lack of means, preparedness, coordination, dialog, etc.) and indirect (politico-administrative, socio-economic, cultural contexts) factors come together to lock the wheels of the institutional response system. They defer the socio-economic start of this vital northern Philippines area. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

长白山天池火山全新世喷发与岩石地球化学特征

全新世以来长白山天池火山以爆炸式喷发为特点,其喷发物包括空降堆积浮岩、熔结凝灰岩和碎成熔岩,除了极少量粗面质成分（SiO2<65％）,均属于碱流质火山碎屑岩（SiO2＝70%～73％,K2O+Na2O=10%～11%）。火山岩的矿物学（造岩矿物和残余矿物）和主微量元素、SrNd同位素地球化学研究表明,天池火山全新世火山岩与造锥阶段、造盾阶段火山岩是同源（幔源）岩浆演化的产物,全新世火山岩都具有强烈而相似的Eu、Ba、Sr、Ti负异常,指示了岩浆演化主要受斜长石的强烈分离结晶作用控制。