深埋长大隧洞围岩非线性蠕变模型研究

针对锦屏二级水电站深埋长大隧洞（埋深为2 525 m,长为19 km,宽为13 m）围岩在开挖过程中呈现明显的流变劣化特征,采用CSS-283双向万能伺服试验机,对洞室围岩（软弱板岩）进行单轴压缩蠕变试验和剪切蠕变试验,引入流变参数是时间函数与强化函数,建立岩石非定常参数剪切蠕变模型和单轴压缩蠕变模型,并推广到三轴非线性流变模型,与试验结果对比基本吻合。最后,结合锦屏二级水电站深埋长大隧洞进行数值计算,得到该隧洞190 d开挖运行变形规律,以期为工程建设提供理论指导。     

裂隙岩体高压压水试验水-岩耦合过程数值模拟

为了解高压水渗流作用对裂隙岩体应力和变形的影响,结合黑麋峰抽水蓄能电站岩体高压压水试验的渗压及变形测试成果,采用多孔连续介质全耦合理论,研究了试验区岩体测点在压水孔加压和卸压过程中的孔隙压力和位移变化过程。通过对测点位移和渗压随时间变化过程的计算值和实测值对比研究,验证了所采用的水-岩耦合数值模型的合理性。研究表明：在压水孔内的水压力和岩体孔隙压力的共同作用下,岩体内的应力大幅度增加;压水过程中,岩体因渗流作用产生了较大的位移,停止压水后的一段时间内,由于岩体中还存在一定的孔隙水压力和水压力梯度,从而导致岩体内仍存在部分变形值,且该部分变形值并非是压水孔卸载后岩体内的塑性残余变形;高压水渗流作用下的岩体耦合效应对工程应力和围岩变形有重大影响,考虑水-岩耦合效应的岩体稳定性评价结果对工程设计更具指导意义     

压制空间非平稳地震勘探随机噪声的ROAD径向时频峰值滤波算法

径向时频峰值滤波算法是一种有效保持低信噪比地震勘探记录中反射同相轴的随机噪声压制方法,但该算法对空间非平稳地震勘探随机噪声压制效果不理想.本文研究空间非平稳地震勘探随机噪声,即各道噪声功率不同的地震勘探随机噪声,其在径向滤波轨线上表征近似脉冲噪声,在径向时频峰值滤波过程中干扰相邻道滤波结果.为了减小空间非平稳随机噪声的影响,本文提出一种基于绝对级差统计量(ROAD)的径向时频峰值滤波随机噪声压制方法.该方法首先根据径向轨线上信号的绝对级差统计量检测空间非平稳地震勘探随机噪声,然后结合局部时频峰值滤波和径向时频峰值滤波压制地震勘探记录中的随机噪声.将ROAD径向时频峰值滤波方法应用于合成记录和实际共炮点地震记录,结果表明ROAD径向时频峰值滤波方法可以压制空间非平稳地震勘探随机噪声且不损害有效信号,有效抑制随机噪声空间非平稳对滤波结果的影响.与径向时频峰值滤波相比,ROAD径向时频峰值滤波方法更适用于空间非平稳地震勘探随机噪声压制.     

A Whitecap Coverage Model Based on the Surface Slope For Criterion of Wave Breaking

Using the limit surface slope as a criterion of wave breaking,a simple model for estimatingthe spatial fraction of breaking surface of sea at an instant,which is regarded as the whitecap coverge inthis paper,is analytically derived from the probability density of surface slope based on Gaussianstatistics.The resulting fraction is found depending on the fourth moment of wave spectum,m_4,as well asthe critical threshold of surface slope.By expressing the fourth moment in terms of the Neumannspectrum,a formula linking the fraction and wind speed for fully developed sea states is obtianed.Anotherformula relating the fraction to both wind speed and fetch(or duration)is achieved by expressing m_4 interms of the Krylov spectrum and applying the empirical relationships used in the SMB ocean wave pre-dicting technique.A comparison between these results and the field data of whitecap coverage collected byMonahan and O＇Muircheartuigh shows an encouraging agreement.     

The 2D Steady Hydraulic Head Field Surrounding a Pumping Well in a Finite Heterogeneous Confined Aquifer

We present a second-order analytic solution [in terms of a heterogeneous log-transmissivity Y(r) = ln T(r)] for the hydraulic head field in a finite 2D confined heterogeneous aquifer under steady radial flow conditions assuming fixed head boundary conditions at the well and at a circular exterior boundary. The solution may be used to obtain the gradient used in calculation of solute transport to a well in a heterogeneous transmissivity field. The solution, obtained using perturbation methods coupled with Green's function techniques, leads us to postulate a more general form of the head for arbitrarily large-variance fields and may be used to obtain moment relations between the log-transmissivity and head under convergent flow conditions when Y(r) is expressed as a random space function. We present expressions for the mean head field when the log-transmissivity is Gaussian and conditioned on the transmissivity value at the well for an arbitrary ln T covariance. Finally, we look at the effect of parameter variations on the mean head behavior and present numerical simulations verifying the second-order mean head expressions.     

Multidimensional Nonstationary Maximum Entropy Spectral Analysis by Using Neural Net

A multidimensional version of the nonstationary maximum entropy spectral estimation method has been developed. By applying the neural net technique, the estimated maximum entropy spectral density function has more resolution power than the conventional nonstationary periodogram spectral density function. The application of spectral density functions to simulate multidimensional nonstationary random fields is also investigated.     

Shallow sea topography detection using fully polarimetric Gaofen-3 SAR data based on swell patterns

Compared to single-polarization synthetic aperture radar(SAR) data, fully polarimetric SAR data can provide more detailed information of the sea surface, which is important for applications such as shallow sea topography detection. The Gaofen-3 satellite provides abundant polarimetric SAR data for ocean research. In this paper, a shallow sea topography detection method was proposed based on fully polarimetric Gaofen-3 SAR data. This method considers swell patterns and only requires SAR data and ...     

面向对象高分遥感影像典型自然地物半自动提取

针对目前高空间分辨率遥感影像(简称高分遥感影像)地物全自动提取无法完全实现的现实,本文结合自然地物的光谱和纹理特征,提出一种面向对象的高分遥感影像典型自然地物半自动提取方法.首先构建最小生成树(Minimum Spanning Tree,MST)进行影像初始分割,根据影像灰度平均归一化值和标准差统计对象的光谱、纹理等特...     

支持向量机方法应用于理想时间序列的预测研究

简要介绍了基于统计学习理论的支持向量机方法的基本思想和原理,利用该方法对33模Lorenz系统的理想混沌时间序列建立预测模型,并对在此基础上产生的非平稳时间序列进行预测试验研究。结果表明,支持向量机方法不仅对平稳过程有较好的预报能力,也可以适用于非平稳过程,对实际序列的预测有一定的启发意义。     

JFNK方法在求解全隐式一维非线性平流方程中的应用

JFNK(Jacobian-free Newton-Krylov)方法是由Newton迭代方法和Krylov子空间迭代方法构成的嵌套迭代方法。作者以全隐式差分的一维非线性平流方程（亦称无粘Burgers方程）探讨采用全隐式格式计算的必要性和JFNK方法的有效性。模拟结果表明, 隐式结果比显式和半隐式结果在稳定度和精度方面较大的优越性, 特别是模拟气流强的系统以及要素空间分布具有较大梯度的系统。