混凝土渠道冻胀破坏机制与抗冻技术研究进展

在我国寒冷地区混凝土渠道破坏主要表现为冻胀破坏,如何防治混凝土渠道冻胀破坏成为一个非常现实的工程问题.随着混凝土渠道抗冻技术的发展,对这一问题的研究愈加深入.从土体冻胀机制、水分冻移机制及混凝土衬砌体冻胀破坏机制等方面较深入地分析了混凝土渠道冻胀破坏的机制,总结了我国近年来混凝土渠道冻胀力学模型和抗冻技术的前沿研究成果,并对目前研究工作中存在的不足进行了一定的评价,讨论了今后应进一步开展研究的若干问题,为我国寒区混凝土渠道的加固改造建设提供一定的参考价值.     

高含沙浑水静态剪切应力的试验研究

以试验为手段对高含沙浑液的静态剪切应力进行了探讨,得出静态剪切应力比用压力式流变仪测出的动态剪切应力要大,其差值随着静态时间的增长而加大,且与含沙量成正比,与粒径成反比的定性结论。配合水槽概化试验,论述了静态剪切应力的存在使高含沙水流层流区的阻力随时间增长而加大;静态剪切应力的存在也是造成河道滩槽贴边淤积和滩地高含沙水流整体停滞的根源,是河槽形成"自然堤"的主要因素。     

EH-4电磁测量在化马湾地区金矿找矿中的应用

在山东省泰安市化马湾地区金矿找矿中首次进行EH-4电磁测量,获得了分辨率较高的电性剖面和较可靠的地质解释资料,经钻探验证发现了隐伏金矿体。测量结果表明,岩层深部高阻背景下的低阻带是寻找金矿化带的有利部位,低阻带的展布范围反映了金矿化带的延伸趋势。     

海洋溴酚化合物BDDPM促进肝糖原合成及缓解胰岛素抵抗的作用研究

BDDPM是一种从海洋松节藻中分离出来的全新结构的溴酚类化合物,前期研究表明BDDPM具有良好的PTP1B蛋白酶活抑制能力。在本文中利用Hep G2细胞和C2C12细胞,研究BDDPM对肝细胞糖原合成能力的影响及对胰岛素抵抗的作用。结果表明,1μmol/L BDDPM可以在细胞水平显著激活胰岛素信号通路,提高肝糖原的合成,缓解棕榈酸诱导的胰岛素抵抗,初步具有开发成为新型抗糖尿病海洋药物的潜力。     

Study of Seabed Pullout Resistance on a Quadrate Foundation Using Adaptive Time-Stepping Method

We developed a solid-fluid analysis procedure that can simulate the seabed pullout resistance based on two adaptive time-stepping methods. One is heuristic time stepping, and the other is based on the truncation error estimation in temporal discretization. The pullout resistance is investigated through experiments and numerical simulations. The results show that the proposed adaptive stepping methods can deal with the un-convergence problems caused by the time increment and can improve the calculation efficiency. The base suction, related to the area of the negative pore water pressure, is generated under the structure and provides the pullout resistance.     

Snow and frost: implications for spatiotemporal infiltration patterns – a review

Vast regions of the northern hemisphere are exposed to snowfall and seasonal frost. This has large effects on spatiotemporal distribution of infiltration and groundwater recharge processes as well as on the fate of pollutants. Therefore, snow and frost need to be central inherent elements of risk assessment and management schemes. However, snow and frost are often neglected or treated summarily or in a simplistic way by groundwater modellers. Snow deposition is uneven, and the snow is likely to sublimate, be redistributed and partly melt during the winter influencing the mass and spatial distribution of snow storage available for infiltration, the presence of ice layers within and under the snowpack and, therefore, also the spatial distribution of depths and permeability of the soil frost. In steep terrain, snowmelt may travel downhill tens of metres in hours along snow layers. The permeability of frozen soil is mainly influenced by soil type, its water and organic matter content, and the timing of the first snow in relation to the timing of sub‐zero temperatures. The aim with this paper is to review the literature on snow and frost processes, modelling approaches with the purpose to visualize and emphasize the need to include these processes when modelling, managing and predicting groundwater recharge for areas exposed to seasonal snow and frost. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effects of pore water pressure dissipation on rate dependency of shear strength in localised failure of soils

The paper presents analytical solutions for the evolution of excess pore pressures in the vicinity of a shear band in a rate‐dependent, strain‐softening permeable soil, with the aim to explore, both qualitatively and quantitatively, the potential variation of failure shear stress in the shear band. The solutions encompass both dissipation of a pre‐existing pore pressure regime within the main soil domain, and the effects of generation of additional pore pressure within the shear band itself. The simplified analytical solutions were checked by numerical inversion of exact solutions in Laplace transform space, confirming their high accuracy. The solutions show that it is possible for the failure shear stress to rise initially because of short‐term dissipation of the pre‐existing excess pore pressure at a faster rate than generation of new excess pore pressure within the shear band. This apparent strain hardening in a strain‐softening soil can be misleading in that it can temporarily slow down the sliding mass and create a false sense of stabilization of the slope. It can also result in additional temporary shear resistance for sliding foundations or pipelines on the seabed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The hydrogeomorphic influences on alluvial gully erosion along the Mitchell River fluvial megafan

Hydrogeomorphic processes influencing alluvial gully erosion were evaluated at multiple spatial and temporal scales across the Mitchell River fluvial megafan in tropical Queensland, Australia. Longitudinal changes in floodplain inundation were quantified using river gauge data, local stage recorders and HEC‐RAS modelling based on LiDAR topographic data. Intra‐ and interannual gully scarp retreat rates were measured using daily time‐lapse photographs and annual GPS surveys. Erosion was analysed in response to different water sources and associated erosion processes across the floodplain perirheic zone, including direct rainfall, infiltration‐excess runoff, soil‐water seepage, river backwater and overbank flood inundation. The frequency of river flood inundation of alluvial gullies changed longitudinally according to river incision and confinement. Near the top of the megafan, flood water was contained within the macrochannel up to the 100‐year recurrence interval, but river backwater still partially inundated adjacent gullies eroding into Pleistocene alluvium. In downstream Holocene floodplains, inundation of alluvial gullies occurred beyond the 2‐ to 5‐year recurrence interval and contributed significantly to total annual erosion. However, most gully scarp retreat at all sites was driven by direct rainfall and infiltration‐excess runoff, with the 24‐h rainfall total being the most predictive variable. The remaining variability can be explained by seasonal vegetative conditions, complex cycles of soil wetting and drying, tension crack development, near‐surface pore‐water pressure, soil block undermining from spalling and overland flow, and soil property heterogeneity. Implications for grazing management impacts on soil surface and perennial grass conditions include effects on direct rainfall erosion, water infiltration, runoff volume, water concentration along tracks, and the resistance of highly dispersible soils to gully initiation or propagation under intense tropical rainfall. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

液化土层中桩基水平承载特性分析

通过桩土相互作用的振动台模型试验,获得了不同相对密度的砂土在振动液化过程中桩身弯矩随土层振动累积孔压的变化关系。进而通过拟静力方法,确定了土层液化过程中的衰化p-y曲线,并计算出桩身弯矩的分布。计算结果与实测结果的比较分析表明：若土层的振动累积孔压比ru≤比≤0.2时,桩的水平承载能力没有明显降低。当土层的振动累积孔压比ru≥0.8时,若土层的相对密度Dr≤40 %,桩的水平承载能力降低90 %;若土层的相对密度Dr≥50 %,桩的水平承载能力降低75 %。     

天然沉积中间土的力学特性研究

长江口北岸天然沉积土主要由粉粒和细砂粒组成,其渗透系数介于10-7～10-3 cm/s之间,既不属于完全排水的砂性土,也不属于完全不排水的粘性土,针对这样的天然沉积中间土的我国研究并不多见。通过大量的物理力学试验,探讨了天然沉积中间土的物理力学性状,结果表明天然沉积中间土具有类似于软粘土的物理性质,但原位静力触探试验显示其天然沉积中间土的原位强度却与天然含水量分布在塑限附近的硬粘土差不多。研究结果亦表明颗粒分布对天然沉积中间土的原位强度有较大的影响。同时采用灰理论中的关联度分析,对这类中间土物理状态指标与力学特征指标间相关性进行了分析,认为孔隙比用于亚砂土稠度划分,含水比用于亚粘土、粘土稠度划分更加合理