Two-dimensional Dynamics Simulation of Two-phase Debris Flow

To investigate the movement mechanism of debris flow, a two‐dimensional, two‐phase, depth‐integrated model is introduced. The model uses Mohr‐Coulomb plasticity for the solid rheology, and the fluid stress is modeled as a Newtonian fluid. The interaction between solid and liquid phases, which plays a major role in debris flow movement, is assumed to consist of drag and buoyancy forces. The applicability of drag force formulas is discussed. Considering the complex interaction between debris flow and the bed surface, a combined friction boundary condition is imposed on the bottom, and this is also discussed. To solve the complex model equations, a numerical method with second‐order accuracy based on the finite volume method is proposed. Several numerical experiments are performed to verify the feasibilities of model and numerical schemes. Numerical results demonstrate that different solid volume fractions substantially affect debris flow movement.     

井地电法地表电场分布规律模型试验研究

为研究井地电法在确定异常体边界时电场的分布规律,笔者对室内水槽固定位置的低阻体(铜板)直接供电,并对充电低阻体形成的电场在地表的电位分布特征进行观测。研究不同方向电位分布特征,及进行线性拟合建立电位梯度曲线,分析异常体不同方向上的电位梯度变化规律,确定该低阻体的边界特征。模拟实验表明,电位梯度曲线在异常体的边界会出现明显的拐点,与电位分布图的对比表明,电位梯度曲线在异常体边界的变化可以作为识别异常体边界的标志。     

Hydrodynamic assessment of planing hulls using overset grids

In conjunction with high performance computers, recent developments in computational science paved the path to more accurate representation of body motions inside fluids. Small motions inside the flow can be computationally approximated by using rigid body motion but it is incapable of accurately predicting the large motions of a planing vessel. The implementation of overset grid has made it possible to better approximate the complex fluid-structure interaction problem of the planing regime. The focus of this study was to evaluate the opportunity of using an overset grid system to numerically solve the flow around a planing hull and to understand the planing regime with this invaluable tool. It was shown in this study that the overset grid better captures the large motions of the planing hull at high Froude numbers. Then, the results obtained by overset grid were used to calculate the resistance components of a planing hull in a wide Froude number range. The resistance components were discussed with respect to values generated by Savitsky approach. Using the benefits that the computational science brings, the flow was visualized to explain some underlying physics relevant to the planing regime.     

Modified approach to evaluation of undrained shear strength from piezocone tests in soft clays

This paper proposes a modified-theoretical approach to interpreting the undrained shear strength from piezocone tests in clays. Assuming the shear and normal stresses on the cone face to be the friction at the cone–soil interface and the ultimate expansion pressure, respectively, an expression of the tip resistance is first derived at force equilibrium. The undrained shear strength is then determined by combining the derived expression of tip resistance with the formulation for pore pressure at the cone shoulder position. Many factors, such as the penetration rate and the cone roughness, are considered in this model. Different shaped model penetrometers, including cone- and ball-shaped ones, are adopted in centrifuge tests to investigate the validity of the proposed method. The undrained shear strength estimated from the piezocone test is found to agree well with that from ball penetrometer test. Case studies are also presented to show the application of the proposed method. Comparisons between the predicted and measured values of undrained shear strength indicate that the proposed approach is generally applicable for nonfissured clays, especially intact clays.     

Method of predicting soil mechanical parameters in shallow formation while jetting process in deep-water drilling

The mechanical properties of shallow soils in deep water play an important role in drilling design and construction as well as later oil and gas development. Since it is difficult to collect soil samples from layers deeper than 10 m below the sea floor, the acquisition of shallow soil mechanics, based on the variation of drilling parameters in the deep-water drilling process, is not only economical but also reliable. In this article, we analyze the variation of subsea soil properties based on the variation of deep-water jet-drilling construction parameters, calculate the lateral friction resistance of conductor by use of weight-on-bit (WOB) and displacement parameters in the jetting process, and determine the drilled formation’s shear strength and internal friction angle in consideration of restored friction resistance. To verify the accuracy of the prediction-while-drilling model on seabed shallow soil mechanics, indoor unit and field simulation experiments were separately conducted. Moreover, the calculations from field application examples indicate that the prediction-while-drilling of deep-water seabed shallow soil mechanics achieves high conformity with the local practice results, which also indicates that this method could effectively guide field construction operations.     

Static pullout resistance of anchor chains in cohesionless soil—laboratory testing

This paper investigates the static pullout resistance of anchor chains embedded into cohesionless soil. The anchor chains, which are made of steel, were buried into Jumunjin sand whose relative density was set to approximately 60%. The anchor chains were horizontally pulled out through a displacement of 70?mm in laboratory model tests. Three different embedment depths and seven different numbers of chain links were adopted. The pullout resistance of the anchor chains was found to increase with increasing embedment depth and the number of anchor chain links. The measured resistance was significantly higher than the calculated frictional resistance, implying that the passive resistance at the front of the anchor chain significantly contributes to the pullout resistance. The contribution of the passive resistance tends to decrease with increasing number of chain links.     

EPS颗粒改良土作为寒区路基填料的抗冻性能研究

为研究EPS颗粒改良土作为寒区路基填料的抗冻性能,以冻胀率及割线模量为评测指标对改良土的抗冻性能进行了测试分析。通过冻胀率试验,获得了不同EPS颗粒掺量下冻胀率与冻融循环次数的关系。通过不同围压下的室内三轴试验,获得了改良前后土体割线模量随冻融循环次数增加的衰减规律,据此定义了无量纲单位残余割线模量比并建立了其与冻胀率的关系。结果表明：EPS颗粒的掺入对改良土的抗冻性能有明显的提升,有效地降低了改良土的冻胀率,随着EPS掺量增加,冻胀率逐渐减小,二者大致呈指数关系。冻胀率在冻融的初期发展较快,后期趋于平缓。改良后割线模量的衰减有大幅度的降低,割线模量随着冻融循环次数增加而逐渐减小,残余割线模量比与冻胀率之间近似呈二次抛物线关系。利用灰色理论可以对改良土割线模量的衰减规律进行预测,模型预测结果精度较高,可以作为路基工程冻害防治的参考。     

Pull-out behaviour of wood bolt fully grouted by PS-F slurry in rammed earth heritages

This article presents a laboratory and field investigation of pull-out resistance of wood bolts in rammed earth heritages. The laboratory testing involved axial tensile tests of four grout specimens prepared in specially designed moulds using PS-F (Potassium Silicate solution-Fly ash) slurry to investigate the performance of anchors. The field testing involved pull-out tests of three wood anchors installed in rammed earth heritages by gravity grouting. Experiments reveal that the failure mode is the pull-out of bolt from grout and average skin friction resistance of bolt–grout interface is approximately 0.34MPa. Load–displacement curves and elastic–residual displacement derived from cyclic loading indicate such anchor system has strong ductility with small elastic deformation and large residual deformation. Bond collapse firstly occurs at the loaded end and then propagates towards the full bonded length. Bond stress distribution is not uniform along the bonded length. Maximum bond stress distributes at the range from 0.3 m to 0.4 m. Emergence of compressive strain in the interface reveals such anchor system enjoys the advantages of both tensile and compressive anchor types, which significantly differs from results from other regular bolts. The research conclusion makes scientific senses to traditional material and craft in rammed earth heritages.     

基于RouterOS技术的12322防震减灾电话呼叫系统双线路设计与实现

根据12322电话呼叫系统的实际工作情况,提出了系统线路备份方案,设计了适合新疆维吾尔自治区地震局现状的12322电话呼叫系统双线路,并给出整体思路、实际配置及调试过程,该方案将会提高12322电话呼叫系统线路的稳定运行,同时也提高了系统的安全运行效率。     

砂土中水平受荷桩非线性分析

对水平受荷桩的非线性分析,多采用p-y曲线法。现行p-y曲线模型很多,曲线形式和选用的参数各不相同。分析各桩土参数对现有p-y曲线的影响,并选择合理的标准化参数将各p-y曲线归一化,采用双曲线模型拟合归一化曲线。总结目前对地基反力模量和土体极限抗力的研究,并考虑桩径、施工等因素的影响,选择合理的双曲线模型参数。通过实例对比分析,证明了双曲线模型以及参数选取的有效性和适用性。双曲线模型形式简洁,符合理想土体的应力-应变关系,并能近似拟合现有的砂土p-y曲线,可广泛用于工程中砂土水平受荷桩基的非线性分析