Intrusions and exclusions: Democratization in Thailand in the context of environmental discourses and resource conflicts*

This article sketches the process of democratization in Thailand, focusing on shifting relations between civil society and state actors. Environmental discourse and conflicts about natural resources, specifically forests, during the last two decades, have been one of the main fields of social controversy and change. In the context of these controversies, civil society actors, in resistance to and alliance with state agencies, drove forward democratization by intruding into power domains of the state. State agents, increasingly forced to justify their actions according to democratic norms in the expanding space of public debate, had to search for allies and majorities within civil society. The successful establishment of public debate as an integral part of political decision making, on the one hand, resulted in a diversification of civil society, on the other hand, forced powerful segments of society to organize and defend their interests within the new public political space. Strategies of exclusion, referring to nationalism and ethnicism, have become an important instrument to secure positions and power, threatened in the process of democratization and emancipation of discriminated social groups.     

生命线网络系统增设冗余单元的抗震加固优化策略

探讨了以增设冗余单元来提高在役生命线网络系统的抗震可靠性,通过对可增设单元进行重要度分析,并考虑地震环境下的失效相关性,讨论了冗余单元增设的概念性原则,通过建立增设单元的优化决策数学模型,并利用生命线弧单元设计方案的离散性,建立了增设加固优化设计的实用方法。     

夯管法理论问题的探讨

分析了夯管锤夯入钢管的过程 ,提出了依据地层压力和动力触探结果计算夯入钢管阻力的方法 ;还提出了应用波动力学计算夯入钢管位移、极限钢管夯入长度及钢管内最大压应力的方法。     

饱和砂土液化判别方法中问题浅析

国内外各种勘察规范中所判别砂土液化的方法很多,但其效果如何,很维得到难３,笔者利用唐山地震砂土液化资料对几种目前较为常用、有代表性的方法进行了回判分析,指出了这些方法中存在的问题,并阐述了影响液化的主要因素。     

饱和砂土的剪切波速与其抗液化强度关系研究

根据饱和砂土剪切波速与其抗液化强度的相关性原理,利用剪切波速与振动三轴联合实验装置,进行了控制饱和砂土初始剪切波速的振动液化实验,依据实验结果建立了剪切波速与抗液化强度的定量关系。最后用现场勘查数据对此定量关系进行验证,结果表明：该关系式对实际 66 个未液化地点的判别准确率达到 81.2 %;对 108 个实际液化地点的判别准确率达到 62.8 %;平均判别准确率达到 69.5 %。     

电场处理对毛乌素沙地油蒿抗寒性影响的研究

不同强度的电场处理沙生植物油蒿（Artemisia ordosica Krash）种子,在毛乌素沙地自然环境下研究电场作用后其根系碳水化合物,叶片水分和渗透调节物随气温下降的变化。结果表明:电场强度为2.0 kV.cm-1、3.5 kV.cm-1和4.5 kV.cm-1时,地温降到零下摄氏度时,其根系碳水化合物和可溶性蛋白质含量增加;气温降到零下10℃左右时,叶片相对含水量、自由水和淀粉含量下降,束缚水、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质和脯氨酸含量增加。     

双向土工格栅与黏土界面作用特性试验研究

在加筋土工程中加筋与填土间的界面作用特性是最关键的技术指标,直接决定该工程的稳定性。室内拉拔试验结果表明,双向土工格栅与黏土界面的表观摩擦阻力随法向应力的增加而增加;在较低的法向应力作用下,双向土工格栅与黏土界面间的破坏形式为土工格栅的整体拔出破坏;当法向应力增加到一定值后,双向土工格栅与黏土界面间的破坏形式由土工格栅的整体拔出破坏转变为土工格栅的纵肋拔出破坏;双向土工格栅整体拔出破坏时,表观黏着力小于纵肋拔出破坏时的表观黏着力,而表观摩擦角则相反。     

隧道围岩中全长注浆岩石锚杆的应力分布分析

在弹性状态下,根据锚固体的受力情况建立了锚固体的摩阻力分布模型。根据此模型,结合隧道围岩位移变化函数推导了全长注浆岩石锚杆在围岩变形下的全长受力分布函数。并结合工程实例,分析了锚杆的应力分布特征,得出了注浆岩石锚杆在围岩变形中受力的基本特征。     

一种易于产生冻胀的冻结模式

选取青藏铁路沿线粉质黏土,进行了一维土样在连续、分步两种不同冻结模式下的冻胀响应试验和数值模拟研究,得到并分析其温度梯度场及土样冻胀量的演变规律。结果表明,与连续冻结模式相比,分步冻结模式更易产生较大冻胀量,其机制主要在于该冻结模式使得冻结缘内温度梯度较大。     

Indicators of Great Basin rangeland health

Early-warning indicators of rangeland health can be used to estimate the functional integrity of a site and may allow sustainable management of desert rangelands. The utility of several vegetation canopy-based indicators of rangeland health at 32 Great Basin rangeland locations was investigated. The indicators were originally developed in rangelands of the Chihuahuan Desert. Soil resources are lost through wind and water-driven erosion mainly from areas unprotected by plant canopies (i.e. bare soil). Study sites in Idaho had the smallest bare patches, followed by sites in Oregon. The more arid Great Basin Sagebrush Zone sites in Utah had the largest bare patches. Several vegetational indicators including percent cover by vegetation, percent cover by life-form, percent cover by sagebrush, and percent cover by resilient species were negatively related to mean bare patch size and are potential indicators of Great Basin rangeland condition. Plant community composition and the range of bare patch sizes were different at sites in the three locations in Idaho, Oregon and Utah. Therefore, expected indicator values are location specific and should not be extrapolated to other locations. The condition of study sites were often ranked differently by different indicators. Therefore, the condition of rangeland sites should be evaluated using several indicators.