Hydrodynamic assessment of planing hulls using overset grids

In conjunction with high performance computers, recent developments in computational science paved the path to more accurate representation of body motions inside fluids. Small motions inside the flow can be computationally approximated by using rigid body motion but it is incapable of accurately predicting the large motions of a planing vessel. The implementation of overset grid has made it possible to better approximate the complex fluid-structure interaction problem of the planing regime. The focus of this study was to evaluate the opportunity of using an overset grid system to numerically solve the flow around a planing hull and to understand the planing regime with this invaluable tool. It was shown in this study that the overset grid better captures the large motions of the planing hull at high Froude numbers. Then, the results obtained by overset grid were used to calculate the resistance components of a planing hull in a wide Froude number range. The resistance components were discussed with respect to values generated by Savitsky approach. Using the benefits that the computational science brings, the flow was visualized to explain some underlying physics relevant to the planing regime.     

Method of predicting soil mechanical parameters in shallow formation while jetting process in deep-water drilling

The mechanical properties of shallow soils in deep water play an important role in drilling design and construction as well as later oil and gas development. Since it is difficult to collect soil samples from layers deeper than 10 m below the sea floor, the acquisition of shallow soil mechanics, based on the variation of drilling parameters in the deep-water drilling process, is not only economical but also reliable. In this article, we analyze the variation of subsea soil properties based on the variation of deep-water jet-drilling construction parameters, calculate the lateral friction resistance of conductor by use of weight-on-bit (WOB) and displacement parameters in the jetting process, and determine the drilled formation’s shear strength and internal friction angle in consideration of restored friction resistance. To verify the accuracy of the prediction-while-drilling model on seabed shallow soil mechanics, indoor unit and field simulation experiments were separately conducted. Moreover, the calculations from field application examples indicate that the prediction-while-drilling of deep-water seabed shallow soil mechanics achieves high conformity with the local practice results, which also indicates that this method could effectively guide field construction operations.     

较低温度(580～700℃)合成的高Tc(Tl-Ba-Ca-Cu-O)系超导体

按照名义组分1113和1112以较低的烧结温度(580～700℃)获得了一系列高Tc Tl-Ba-Ca-Cu-O系超导体,其最佳样品的零电阻温度为112K。电子衍射分析表明,样品中含有两相,主相属四方晶系,晶胞参数为a=b=0.547nm.c=2.931nm.α=β=Υ=90°,空间群为I4/mmm次相属正交晶系,晶胞参数为a=0.335nm,b=0.989nm.c=1.654nm,.α=β=Υ=90°,空间群为Pmmm。     

用静力触探参数确定地基土水平地基抗力系数的比例系数m值--以天津地区为例

承受水平荷载作用的桩基,规范中常采用m法进行桩基水平承载力的计算,地基土水平地基抗力系数的比例系数m值在规范中根据地基土的状态、类别以表格给出。在地基勘察中,现在广泛采用静力触探试验。直接利用静力触探数据给出比例系数m值。将使桩基设计所用参数更加直接准确。本文利用天津地区地层大量静力触探资料与地基土状态数据,利用统计分析回归方法,总结出地基土的液性指数IL与静力触探参数锥尖阻力qc及摩阻比Rf间的关系式,针对天津的地层土体,给出利用静力触探资料查用m值的表格,为桩基的设计计算提供资料。     

天然含水量对海底沉积物贯入阻力的影响

研究浅海表层底质沉积物的天然含水量变化规律及其对海底沉积物贯入阻力的影响.对某浅海海域的72份表层底质沉积物样品的天然含水量测试和贯入阻力测定值进行了分析对比.天然含水量是影响海底表层沉积物贯入阻力的重要因素,沉积物天然含水量与贯入阻力之间具有较强的负相关性,沉积物天然含水量越大,贯入阻力越小.     

Flow resistance in the Great Belt,the biggest strait between the North Sea and the Baltic Sea

The Danish Straits are part of the transition area between the North Sea and the central Baltic Sea. More precisely, the Danish Straits connect Kattegat to the Arkona Basin and includes the relatively narrow and shallow sub-areas: Great Belt, Little Belt, Fehmarn Belt and Sound. The flow resistances in the straits are hydraulically determined by among other factors, the contractions, sills and stratification found in the straits. Close to the entrance to the Arkona Basin the Darss and Drogden Sills are located that trap inflowing dense water partially before it enters the central Baltic Sea. Hence, the resistances in the Danish Straits are of crucial importance for the stratification and ecosystems in the central Baltic Sea. The present work comprises calculations of flow resistance in the Great Belt based on measurements collected as part of the Great Belt Fixed Link investigations. The specific resistance in the Great Belt is determined to be an average of 41.2 × 10⁻¹² s² m⁻⁵, but it depends heavily on the interface position. When calculating long-term discharge time-series on the basis of the momentum equation it is advised to apply a seasonal varying resistance.     

粉土中吸力桶沉贯阻力与土塞失稳机理研究

针对粉土中吸力桶在吸力沉贯中的两个关键性问题——沉贯阻力和内部土体稳定性,在自行研制的试验平台上进行了一系列吸力桶沉贯模型试验。试验结果表明,粉土中吸力沉贯时,Andersen所提供的基于CPT锥尖强度的阻力计算公式能较好预测阻力发展趋势,但计算结果偏小;而修正的承载力公式预测结果在沉贯前期与实测值较吻合,沉贯后期预测偏大。吸力沉贯前期,贯入阻力随深度稳步增长,直到贯入深度达到某个临界值后,阻力增长缓慢甚至保持不变。桶内粉土在吸力作用下的失稳机理与黏土或砂土不同,在渗透力作用下表现为从土层表面开始的自上而下管涌或渗流侵蚀。沉贯后期,端部土体在较高水头差下发生失稳并向桶内流动,造成了桶内土体密度降低,端阻力与内壁摩阻力降低,总贯入阻力主要由外壁摩阻力提供。并结合有限元模拟对上述实验现象的内在机理进行了解释。     

Hull hydrodynamic optimization of autonomous underwater vehicles operating at snorkeling depth

Traditionally autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) have been built with a torpedo-like shape. This common shaping is hydrodynamically suboptimal for those AUVs required to operate at snorkeling condition near the free surface. In this case, the wave resistance associated to the wavy deformation of the sea surface induced by the motion of the platform is an important component of the drag. This work has investigated the optimum hull shape of an underwater vehicle moving near the free surface. Specifically a first-order Rankine panel method has been implemented to compute the wave resistance on a body of revolution moving close to the free surface. A simulated annealing algorithm was then employed to search those set of parameters defining the hull shape that minimize the wave resistance. The optimization was constrained to keep constant the total volume of the vehicle. The total drag of scaled models of the torpedo-like and resulting optimum shapes was measured in the naval tank of the University of Trieste. Measurements showed a smaller resistance of the optimized shape in the range of the considered Froude numbers.     

系缆式剖面测量平台运动性能分析

文章简单介绍了系缆式剖面测量平台的结构构成,围绕剖面测量平台升降运动的工作原理,着重对平台的一些固有的基本特性所产生的影响进行了分析,供有关人员参考交流。     

Resistance of the diffusive boundary layer to salt release from saline sediments to freshwater

The diffusive boundary layer （DBL） is the zone for matter exchange between surface water and aquatic sediments. To elucidate the influence of DBL on salt release from saline sediments to freshwater, two experiments with or without wind blowing were conducted. According to the experiments, a 3.5 cm DBL is formed above the smoothed sediments at a steady wind field and this thickness is greater than other studies. The observed flux of salt through the DBL is 6% larger than the calculated value from Fick＇ s first law. The results indicate that molecular diffusion is the dominant mechanism for salt transport through the DBL. The presence of DBL suppresses the hydrodynamic enhancement for matter exchange between sediments and overlying water. Therefore, salts in the sediments of a polder reservoir may influence the water quality chronically.