螺旋CT机滑环结构探讨与维修

本文主要根据CT基本原理和结构,重点说明螺旋CT机滑环类型、结构及工作原理,介绍经过实际使用的螺旋CT机滑环性能与应用效果,说明优点和不足之处,在CT滑环维修方面,从实际工作出发,说明维修方法、步骤及注意事项,为今后设计、生产、使用和维修提供有用的帮助。     

P波入射下断层参数对地表地震动的影响

基于应用透射人工边界条件的显式有限元法计算断层破碎带宽度及力学参数变化、地震动入射角变化时二维断层场地模型P波入射下地表地震动场的分布。结果表明:(1)低速度破碎带的存在导致整个场地都有P波转换为SV波的分量,且在断层破碎带的区域出现断层陷波;(2)低速度破碎带的存在使输入场地恒定的能量向破碎带集聚放大,随着破碎带宽度增大或其介质波速降低集聚放大效应增大;(3)场地放大效应是频率相关的,宽度较宽或介质波速较低的断层破碎带对输入地震动中较低的频率成份放大显著;(4)竖向断层破碎带能阻隔斜入射地震P波,随着入射角增加隔震效应更显著。     

The effectiveness of “clay” liners as basal isolation of landfills: a case study

A sodium bentonite is being used in the basal-isolation of landfills installed on strongly fractured granitic rocks of N Portugal (NW Iberia). To evaluate the performance of this clay as the ultimate impermeable basal barrier, a detailed study was carried out of the granite fracture network; the Na-bentonite was tested to characterize its mechanical and geotechnical behavior; geophysical surveys were made to search for landfill leakage and the waters found around the landfill were geochemically characterized. Fractures in the granite are usually open and devoid of mineral infillings or clay materials and, thus, permeability of the granite is very high. Dispersal of contaminants can be further enhanced by the position of the landfill on a high steep-sided ridge. Geophysical and geochemical data show evidence for seepage and dispersion of pollutants, which means that the clay failed as an ultimate isolation barrier against seepage. This investigation shows that this can be due to fracturing of the clay under load and/or to its non-homogeneous saturation and extreme shrinking character upon drying, which are accompanied by the formation of extensive cracking. Observations and experimental results suggest that the use of synthetic clays in the safe building of landfill bottom liners needs further research, and extreme care should be taken in preventing that clay water content suffers large variations after saturation, as this process considerably degrades the mechanical behavior and sealing properties of the studied Na-bentonite.     

Effects of compaction moisture content on the shear strength of an unsaturated clay

This paper deals with the results of an experimental study carried out on compacted clay (PL=23%) to investigate the influence of compaction water content on the shear strength of the clay. For the measurement of shear strength parameters, direct shear tests were done on samples compacted at optimum moisture content (i.e. w=24%), at the dry side of optimum (i.e. w=18%, 20% and 22%) and at the wet side of optimum (i.e. w=26% and 28%). Thermocouple psychrometers were used for suction measurements and the suction-moisture content relationship of the soil sample was obtained. The trends for suction, angle of friction and cohesion, which change below and above optimum moisture content, were analyzed. The compacted clay behaves like a granular soil on the dry side of optimum water content; and a reduction in angle of friction and an increase in cohesion are observed as the compaction water contents approach the optimum value. The angle of friction is not affected by soaking, but after soaking cohesion of the sample reduces. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

基于GDS室温条件下盐渍土强度特性的试验研究

以新疆(北疆)地区S201公路沿线的盐渍土为研究对象,通过三轴剪切试验对盐渍土的强度特性进行了较系统的研究。试验结果表明,盐渍土与非盐渍土在力学性能上没有本质的区别,即应力-应变曲线大致都呈双曲线型,抗剪强度与破坏面上的法向应力成正比,且符合库伦定律;含水量和含盐量的变化导致试样发生的破坏形式不同。在含水量低和含盐量高时,试件具有脆性破坏的特征,在含水量高和含盐量低时逐渐显示出塑性特征;含水量和含盐量的变化对盐渍土的强度参数有重要影响,其中对粘聚力C的影响较大,表现较明显,而内摩擦角仅对含水量的变化表现敏感;极限强度与含水量和含盐量之间的关系符合二次抛物线变化规律,在不同应力作用下,抛物线形式不同。     

周期分布桩体对平面SH波隔振效应的解析求解

将排桩对平面SH波的隔振简化为弹性波散射的二维平面问题,基于全空间中无限周期结构的周期特性,给出了一种求解无限周期分布桩体对平面SH波隔振效应的解析方法。该方法采用波函数展开法并结合Graf加法定理,利用全空间中相邻周期单元的散射波场在频域内相差一个相位的特性,仅选取一个周期单元,将入射波场和所有散射波场的贡献叠加后,根据边界条件求解待定系数,从而求得整个散射波场。该解析解能够精确求解无限周期分布桩体的散射问题,分析周期分布桩体数量较多时的隔振规律,弥补了以往理论分析中桩体个数较多时难以求解的不足。重点讨论了桩体个数、桩体刚度、桩体间距和桩体类型等因素对隔振效果的影响,结果表明:(1)该方法显著降低了求解大量桩体问题时的存储量和计算量,有限周期模型计算结果随桩体个数增多收敛于无限周期模型,反映了该方法的正确性;(2)整体上桩体刚度增大有利于提高隔振效果,但桩体刚度对隔振效果的提升有限,桩体剪切波速为土体5倍时已具有足够的隔振效果;(3)桩间距对隔振效果有着直接影响,间距越小则低频禁带宽度越大;(4)桩体类型对隔振效果有着显著影响,实心桩有着良好的隔振效果,而具有柔性内填充的管桩在低频段...     

主应力轴旋转条件下冻结黏土的动强度特性北大核心CSCD

研究冻土动强度对寒区工程和人工冻结工程施工及安全性评价具有重要意义。为了揭示主应力轴旋转对冻结黏土动强度特性的影响,利用空心扭剪仪开展不同围压下冻结黏土动三轴和空心扭剪试验,探讨了主应力轴旋转对冻结黏土动强度、动黏聚力和动内摩擦角变化规律的影响。结果表明:主应力轴旋转导致冻结黏土试样的动强度降低,围压越低主应力轴旋转对动强度影响效果就越明显;随着震动次数的增多,主应力轴旋转条件下冻结黏土动黏聚力衰减速度相对于主应力方向固定时加快;不同于主应力轴方向固定条件下动内摩擦角随震动次数增多而衰减的特点,在主应力轴旋转条件下动内摩擦角随震动次数增多而增大。另外,研究显示主应力轴旋转条件下动强度、动黏聚力和动内摩擦角均与震动次数的对数呈良好的线性关系,用线性方程对其进行了拟合,并给出拟合系数和确定系数。     

自钻式原位剪切旁压仪及其工程应用

精确地评价土的力学性质,提供可信赖的设计参数,对基础工程设计具有重要的现实意义。现有的试验方法中,土的强度和变形参数由精度相异的不同试验方法得出,并且不可避免地存在不同程度地扰动土体,释放土中应力。研制的自钻式原位剪切旁压试验方法（self-boring in-situ shear pressuremeter test）。结合常规的旁压试验和室内直剪试验之长,采用自钻式钻进,将测定器插入到预定深度,尽可能地减少土体的扰动,较好地保持了土中的原始应力;其独特的结构和加加载方式使该方法能够同时直接测出土的强度和变形参数,还能获得土的静止土压力 、剪切反力系数 ,评价桩周摩擦力 等力学参数。由于它是一种在钻孔内的测试技术,所以能获得不同深度土的力学参数。     

冻融作用下草本植物根系加固土体试验研究

为了研究植物根系在冻融作用下对边坡土体的加固效应,取哈尔滨、东营、合肥等地公路常见的3种草本植物根系作为研究对象,基于植物根系与土体之间的界面摩擦效应,对不同植物根系在不同次数冻融作用后的根-土复合体进行了拉拔试验以及直剪试验。结果表明：结缕草根系与土体之间的摩擦效应最为显著,加筋效果最好;狗尾草的根系与土体之间的摩擦效应最差,但狗尾草根系抗冻性较好。根-土复合体模型的抗剪强度随冻融作用次数的增加发生变化,体现在黏聚力不断减小,后趋于稳定;内摩擦角先增大后减小,之后趋于稳定。所得结果可为植物护坡加固工程以及加筋土作用机理研究提供数据参考。