顶管施工引起的土体垂直变形计算方法研究

对前人工作进行总结,将3个已有的经验公式合并成一个通用经验公式,该公式可以计算由土体损失引起的土体中任一点沉降。假定土体不排水,利用弹性力学的Mindlin解推导了顶管正面附加推力、掘进机和后续管道与土体之间的摩擦力引起的土体垂直变形计算公式。结合土体损失引起的土体变形计算公式,得到顶管施工引起的总的土体垂直变形计算公式,该方法适用于施工阶段。算例分析表明,正面附加推力引起开挖面前方地面隆起,后方地面沉降,以开挖面正上方为轴线呈反对称分布,在正常施工时产生的地面变形较小;掘进机和后续管道与土体之间的摩擦力引起的地面变形分布规律与正面附加推力相似,轴线分别位于掘进机中间部位和后续管道中间部位的正上方。     

水下土体剪切界面摩擦力试验研究

基于在自行改进设计的水下土体剪切界面摩擦力测定装置进行的室内试验结果,对不同粒组、含水率及剪切速率条件下土体剪切界面抗剪强度和摩擦力进行了研究。试验结果表明,不同土体间剪切界面抗剪强度和摩擦力与土体颗粒粒组、含水率相关性表现不同。随着含水率的增加,粉砂抗剪强度和摩擦力呈增加趋势,细砂、中砂抗剪强度和摩擦力受含水率变化影响较小。土体颗粒粒组不同,抗剪强度和摩擦力有明显差异,表现在粉砂大于细砂和中砂,小于黏粒含量较高的粉土,细砂和中砂的差别较小。试验条件下得到的粉砂、细砂、中砂土体与粉质土底床间的水下剪切界面摩擦力值在0.2~1.0 kPa区间,并结合海洋地质实例说明界面摩擦力的应用。     

地形摩擦对台风移动的影响

本文从动力学的角度研究了台风流场与台风运动的关系,在实际预报中考虑地形摩擦改变的流场对台风移动的影响取得了明显的效果。     

岩质边坡设计坡角和锚固方案的确定

本文运用赤平极射投影、块体理论和岩体力学的基本原理, 试探求一种可供边坡工程设计采用的确定人工岩质边坡最大安全设计坡角和锚固方案的简易方法。     

3D modeling of earthquake cycles of the Xianshuihe fault,southwestern China

We perform 3D modeling of earthquake generation of the Xianshuihe fault, southwestern China, which is a highly active strike-slip fault with a length of about 350 km, in order to understand earthquake cycles and segmentations for a long-term forecasting and earthquake nucleation process for a short-term forecasting. Historical earthquake data over the last 300 years indicates repeated periods of seismic activity, and migration of large earthquake along the fault during active seismic periods. To develop the 3D model of earthquake cycles along the Xianshuihe fault, we use a rate- and state-dependent friction law. After analyzing the result, we find that the earthquakes occur in the reoccurrence intervals of 400–500 years. Simulation result of slip velocity distribution along the fault at the depth of 10 km during 2694 years along the Xianshuihe fault indicates that since the third earthquake cycle, the fault has been divided into 3 parts. Some earthquake ruptures terminate at the bending part of the fault line, which may means the shape of the fault line controls how earthquake ruptures. The change of slip velocity and displacement at 10 km depth is more tremendous than the change of the shallow and deep part of the fault and the largest slip velocity occurs at the depth of 10 km which is the exact depth of the seismic zone where fast rupture occurs.     

矿用高强度钻杆关键制造工艺技术分析

在瓦斯抽采钻孔施工过程中,钻杆承受复杂交变应力的作用,往往从焊缝区断裂,选用合理的摩擦焊接工艺和热处理工艺生产钻杆,增强钻杆焊缝区的机械性能,是延长钻杆服役时间的有效技术途径。     

现浇X形混凝土桩竖向承载性状模型试验研究

为研究现浇X形混凝土桩的荷载沉降特性及其荷载传递机制,利用河海大学的大型试验模型槽开展X形桩的足尺模型静载荷试验。通过在桩身设置的钢筋测力计及在桩底埋设的土压力盒,实测了在竖向荷载作用下X形桩与土相互作用时的工作性状。试验结果表明：X形桩的荷载沉降曲线为缓变型;桩侧摩阻力与桩端阻力随桩顶沉降的增加均呈递增性;但随着桩顶荷载的增加,桩侧摩阻力分担桩顶荷载比例却呈递减性,其分担桩顶荷载比例由初期的约90%下降到极限状态时的70%左右,而桩端阻力分担桩顶荷载的比例呈递增性,其分担桩顶荷载比例由初期的约10%上升到极限状态时30%左右。研究成果可为今后竖向受荷X形桩的设计与研究提供重要参考。     

Hydrology, circulation and distribution of particulate matter in Thermaikos Gulf (NW Aegean Sea), during September 2001–October 2001 and February 2002

The hydrography, circulation and distribution of particulate matter in Thermaikos Gulf (NW Aegean Sea) are described, for September 2001 and October 2001 and February 2002. The observations were obtained to assess the impact of anthropogenic and natural resuspension processes on the coastal ecosystem. The first two periods represent highly stratified conditions and mild weather conditions; in September trawling is prohibited, whilst the October cruise took place following the commencement of the activity. The sampling in February was undertaken to record the contribution of natural resuspension to the system, in a stormy period.The water circulation was mainly baroclinic during autumn and barotropic in winter; this was due to vertical homogenisation of the water column, during the latter period. The distribution of the bottom nepheloid layer (BNL) was very different in the winter than in the autumn.Microstructure measurements were undertaken, which allowed the vertical eddy diffusivity to be estimated, together with the near-bed shear stresses. Computation of the diffusive flux of particulate matter (PM), from the BNL into the intermediate water column in response to turbulent motions, reveals that the PM flux was much higher in October than in September; this is despite the fact that the friction velocities were similar. This observation could explain partly the observed higher PM concentrations (PMC) in the intermediate layer, in October. Likewise suggest that the higher PMC in October could be attributed to trawling. The limited shear stress and friction velocity values obtained during the September and October cruises were always low; these were possibly capable of resuspending only recently deposited, “fluffy” material. Thus, the observed nepheloid layers are likely to be maintained by advection from the shallow water regions and trawled areas.     

基于桩土界面摩擦特性和桩周土体应力状态的基桩极限侧阻力分析

结合基桩承载过程中的桩周土体应力状态分析和桩土界面摩擦特性分析,推导出基于土体应力状态的沿桩土界面的土体抗剪强度计算模型和基于界面摩擦特性的界面抗剪强度计算模型。通过对比土体抗剪强度和界面抗剪强度,推导出受该两种强度耦合作用影响的极限侧阻力计算模型,并用上海某工程算例验证该模型的合理性和可行性,同时利用该模型分析不同类型的土的极限侧阻力随埋深的分布规律。结果显示：因内摩擦角和侧压力系数之间的不同关系,极限侧阻力随埋深表现出不同的分布特点,在特定关系下,存在一个临界深度,超过该深度极限侧阻力维持在一个稳定值甚至不断减小直至为零。     

摩擦与粘性流体耗能器串联体系动力分析

采用粘性屈服模型来模拟摩擦耗能器的力－速度关系，建立了摩擦与粘性流体耗能器串联耗能体系的动力分析方法．为考虑框架杆件和支撑材料的几何非线性，采用增量型Ｒｏｓｅｎｂｒｏｃｋ二级三阶半隐式Ｒｕｎｇｅ－Ｋｕｔｔａ法求解动力方程．比较了仅有摩擦耗能器体系与串联组合耗能体系的减振效果，分析了粘性流体耗能器参数对组合耗能体系减振效果的影响。