东海地区重磁场特征及其地质意义

重磁方法是地球物理研究中的重要分支,其以位场理论为基础,具有在水平方向上的高分辨率能力并能够提供地壳深部结构的信息,从而对于研究沉积盆地的形成演化过程起着经济有效的作用.文章以东海地区近年的重磁数据为基础,分析了重磁场特征,布格异常值介于-160～460 mGal,在正值背景上发育一些局部的重力低圈闭,布格重力异常的主体走向为NE向,磁力异常值介于-200～+ 500 nT,磁力异常的主体走向为NE向.同时,利用磁异常数据计算了东海的磁性基底界面,磁性基底深度在4～12 km之间变化,各个地区磁性基底深度起伏变化不同,结合前人研究成果,认为东海地区广泛存在中生界地层.     

台湾峡谷中段沉积特征及流体机制探讨

海底峡谷、高弯度水道等深水沉积单元中的流体活动方式是人们关注的热点.本次研究利用高分辨地震资料,结合地形地貌特征对台湾峡谷中段的沉积特征及流体活动方式进行初步探讨.台湾峡谷中段发育内堤岸(inner levee),它成层性好、地层产状倾斜,地震反射特征与峡谷西岸和下覆滑塌体明显不同,内部结构表现为逐级上超的特征,以侧向加积为主.曲流河和深水高弯度水道的点坝均发育于河(水)道拐弯处,由于离心力作用,沉积物在凸岸堆积形成点坝.该内堤岸位于峡谷中段直线型地段,不具备形成点坝的地形地貌条件,综合分析认为该内堤岸是由垂直于峡谷轴向、自西向东的底流与沿峡谷向下的重力流交互作用形成的.     

河南省新县赛山寨铜异常区找矿前景综合评价

在1∶5万水系沉积物测量的基础上,对大别山北麓赛山寨一带的元素分布特征、单元素异常特征、元素相关性分析、异常元素组合特征进行了研究,研究发现Cu、Au、Mo为区内具一定潜力的找矿指标。文章运用成矿系列、缺位找矿新理论,重新对大别山北麓赛山寨一带区域成矿地质条件及地球化学异常特征进行分析,从区域成矿背景、地层、构造等方面探讨了该铜多金属异常区的成矿条件,认为该异常区斑岩型钼矿成矿地质条件优越,深部应具有较大的找矿潜力,并为该地区今后的矿产勘查工作指明了方向。     

土样比重的测量不确定度评定

土样比重的测量不确定度既判定了自身的可靠性,同时又影响了通过比重及其他一些参数换算得到的孔隙率、饱和度等指标的准确性。选用物理性质较为均匀的原状粉土做样品,基于《土工试验方法标准》(GB/T50123-1999),通过比重瓶法重复测量了样品的比重。根据《测量不确定度评定与表示》(JJF1059-1999)的要求,分析了试验过程中影响因素的主要来源,建立了测量比重不确定度的计算模式,较系统地对其不确定度进行了评定。结果表明:土的比重测量误差主要由称量及不均匀性两个因素引起。试验条件下的土样比重测量结果的扩展不确定度为0.005。     

基于TM/ETM影像的复合法遥感蚀变异常提取应用研究

通过甘肃龙首山干旱基岩裸露区碱交代岩提取、青海玉树地区大面积蚀变异常提取、江西相山铀矿田植被覆盖区蚀变异常提取三个实例应用来验证"无损线性拉伸+去除和抑制干扰因素+波段比值法/主成分分析/(波段比值法+主成分分析)+密度分割"复合法在蚀变异常提取的应用效果。在甘肃龙首山提取的碱交代岩与在其两个子区实测的碱交代岩相比较,面积大于1个、1/2个、1/4个像元的碱交代岩提取率分别为100%、94.74%、80%。面积小于1/4个像元的碱交代岩成群出现,岩体之间相距较小,这些岩体也可以被提取出来,并且提取的面积有所扩大,结果显示面积大于1/4个像元的蚀变信息能够有效提取。在青海玉树地区提取的蚀变异常信息与与其区内的84个矿床(点)相比较,提取的蚀变与74个矿床(点)能够吻合,吻合率达88.1%。矿床(点)与提取的蚀变信息吻合关系为铁矿床>铜矿床>锌矿床>铅矿床,且多金属矿床多处于两种或多种蚀变异常叠合部位。在江西相山铀矿田植被覆盖区蚀变异常提取效果相对差,但是提取的蚀变信息在野外得到较好验证。西部矿区矿床(点)与铁化蚀变吻合较好,北部矿区矿床(点)吻合较好,同时分析了部分矿床(点)未能与遥感蚀变异常吻合的原因。     

喜马拉雅中东部镜像均衡重力异常的形成研究

青藏高原南缘处于重力不均衡状态,由北向南可依次分为高原近重力均衡区、喜马拉雅山正均衡异常区和山前盆地负均衡异常区,正、负异常呈现壮观的镜像分布。本文选取喜马拉雅中东部的均衡重力异常数据,结合地貌高程、地壳厚度、降雨量、冰川及山前沉积等的分布状况,探讨地貌分异与均衡重力异常分布的相互关系。由上述资料获得3条跨越喜马拉雅山的综合剖面,结果显示喜马拉雅中东部正均衡重力异常的分布与冰川、河流等代表的地表剥蚀作用存在明显的空间耦合关系,而与降雨量无直接联系,山前盆地负均衡重力异常与沉积厚度的分布也存在很好的耦合。利用数值模型计算得到了喜马拉雅地区的均衡调整时间域在1 Ma左右的时间尺度内。通过与地貌响应时间域相对比,以及对地表剥蚀厚度的估计,认为山脉地区的正均衡异常主要由地壳厚度补偿不足引起(侧重Airy假说),而山前盆地的负均衡异常主要由低密度沉积层的分布引起(侧重Pratt假说),由于地貌响应时间快于均衡调整时间,在大约5～2 Ma以来,地壳的均衡调整始终延迟于山脉的持续剥蚀和山前的持续沉积,使得岩石圈朝着"反均衡"方向演变,最终形成了喜马拉雅现今壮观的镜像均衡重力异常分布。     

Geology and age of the Glikson impact structure,Western Australia

The Glikson structure is an aeromagnetic and structural anomaly located in the Little Sandy Desert of Western Australia (23°59'S, 121°34′E). Shatter cones and planar microstructures in quartz grains are present in a highly deformed central region, suggesting an impact origin. Circumferential shortening folds and chaotically disposed bedding define a 19 km-diameter area of deformation. Glikson is located in the northwestern Officer Basin in otherwise nearly flat-lying sandstone, siltstone and conglomerate of the Neoproterozoic Mundadjini Formation, intruded by dolerite sills. The structure would not have been detected if not for its strong ring-shaped aeromagnetic anomaly, which has a 10 km inner diameter and a 14 km outer diameter. We interpret the circular magnetic signature as the product of truncation and folding of mafic sills into a ring syncline. The sills most likely correlate with dolerites that intrude the Boondawari Formation ～25 km to the north, for which we report a SHRIMP U?–?Pb baddeleyite and zircon age of 508?±?5 Ma, providing a precise older limit for the impact event that formed the Glikson structure.     

Deep 3D structure of the Sydney Basin using gravity modelling

A detailed deep 3D geological model is an important basis for many types of exploration and resource modelling. Renewed interest in the structure of the Sydney Basin, driven primarily by sequestration studies, geothermal studies and coal seam gas exploration, has highlighted the need for a model of deep basin geology, structure and thermal state. Here, we combine gravity modelling, seismic reflection surveys, borehole drilling results and other relevant information to develop a deep 3D geological model of the Sydney Basin. The structure of the Sydney Basin is characteristic of a typical intracontinental rift basin, with a deep north–south orientated channel in the Lachlan Fold Belt basement, filled with up to 4 km of rift volcanics, and overlain with Permo-Triassic sediments up to 4 km thick. The deep regional architecture presented in this study will form the framework for more detailed geological, hydrological and geothermal models.     

Crustal architecture of the Thomson Orogen in Queensland inferred from potential field forward modelling

The basement rocks of the poorly understood Thomson Orogen are concealed by mid-Paleozoic to Upper Cretaceous intra-continental basins and direct information about the orogen is gleaned from sparse geological data. Constrained potential field forward modelling has been undertaken to highlight key features and resolve deeply sourced anomalies within the Thomson Orogen. The Thomson Orogen is characterised by long-wavelength and low-amplitude geophysical anomalies when compared with the northern and western Precambrian terranes of the Australian continent. Prominent NE- and NW-trending gravity anomalies reflect the fault architecture of the region. High-intensity Bouguer gravity anomalies correlate with shallow basement rocks. Bouguer gravity anomalies below –300 µm/s² define the distribution of the Devonian Adavale Basin and associated troughs. The magnetic grid shows smooth textures, punctuated by short-wavelength, high-intensity anomalies that indicate magnetic contribution at different crustal levels. It is interpreted that meta-sedimentary basement rocks of the Thomson Orogen, intersected in several drill holes, are representative of a seismically non-reflective and non-magnetic upper basement. Short-wavelength, high-intensity magnetic source bodies and colocated negative Bouguer gravity responses are interpreted to represent shallow granitic intrusions. Long-wavelength magnetic anomalies are inferred to reflect the topography of a seismically reflective and magnetic lower basement. Potential field forward modelling indicates that the Thomson Orogen might be a single terrane. We interpret that the lower basement consists of attenuated Precambrian and mafic enriched continental crust, which differs from the oceanic crust of the Lachlan Orogen further south.     

大兴安岭东南部油气资源勘查区重磁异常初步解释

区域重磁异常的初步解释表明,西拉木伦河以北的松辽盆地外围地区存在诸多中、新生代盆地,发育3条NW向深大断裂和近NEE向的弧形构造.1∶20万重力异常显示,本区中、新生代盆地边界具有较明显的梯度异常特征,1∶5万航磁异常可较为清晰地勾画中新生代火成岩的分布.重、磁、电剖面联合反演揭示,中生代地层厚度1～4km,古生界规模宏大,厚度可达4～6km,是本区寻找油气的重要层位;古生界含油气盆地基底为志留系及更老地层;大兴安岭NE向展布的花岗岩具有蘑菇状侵入特征.通过重、磁异常联合反演,消除火成岩影响,得出突泉和扎鲁特地区的中生代基底深度1.5～4km,古生代的基底深度为2～6km.