L evenberg-M arquardt 算法在空间三维测边网中的应用

高精度三维坐标控制网是进行空间大尺寸精密坐标测量的基础,在对大尺寸机构和大型设备的安装、调试、监测过程中发挥着至关重要的作用。现阶段,激光测距的精度可达微米级,因此,利用激光测距可建立高精度的三维控制网。与边角网中点位精度受测角和测距精度两者的影响不同,三维测边网中点位精度仅受测距误差的影响。为了建立全局的精密三维控制网,文中基于激光测距建立了三维测边网整体平差模型,解算出测站点与定向点坐标,并利用Levenberg-Marquardt(LM)优化算法根据距离前方交会原理对三维网进行优化。经实验验证,优化算法提高了定向点的精度。     

Analysis for temperature and pressure fields in process of hydrate dissociation by depressurization

An improved axisymmetric mathematic modeling is proposed for the process of hydrate dissociation by depressurization around vertical well. To reckon in the effect of latent heat of gas hydrate at the decomposition front, the energy balance equation is employed. The semi‐analytic solutions for temperature and pressure fields are obtained by using Boltzmann‐transformation. The location of decomposition front is determined by solving initial value problem for system of ordinary differential equations. The distributions of pressure and temperature along horizontal radiate in the reservoir are calculated. The numeric results indicate that the moving speed of decomposition front is sensitively dependent on the well pressure and the sediment permeability. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

强震短期前兆异常特征物理分析和解释的研究进展

总结了“十五” 国家科技攻关项目强震短期前兆异常特征的物理分析和解释方面的研究成果, 并将主要进展归纳为4个方面, 即: 通过大量台网数据的扫描处理和震例研究, 分析了地电、 地形变、 地下流体强震短期前兆的典型特征; 提出了典型短期前兆特征依托的实验基础和理论依据, 进行了数值模拟和理论解释; 通过数值模拟方法, 探讨了短期地震活动性图像特征和强余震触发机理; 总结了大陆强地震的卫星热红外异常演化过程, 提出了活动断裂带内、 外温度和地表温度场提取的技术方法。     

线源二维瞬变电磁场的正演计算新方法

首先应用有限元直接迭代法,在频域中实现了线源二维电磁场正演计算,然后利用频时转换中较为简便且有效的数字滤波法,实现了频域到时域的转换,从而实现了线源二维瞬变电磁场的正演模拟。该方法具有编程简单,占用内存小,运算速度快和模型输入方便等特点。模拟结果与理论计算结果对比表明,该方法具有较高的计算精度。另外,该方法对复杂条件下的瞬变电磁勘探方法的研究和二维瞬变电磁反演有重要意义。      

水泥土搅拌桩的施工质量问题和解决方法

介绍了水泥土搅拌桩在我国的应用情况和可行性、危机性,指出了当前搅拌桩施工质量上存在的搅拌不均和桩身不连续问题,分析了出现质量问题的3方面原因：规范检测方法严重滞后;成桩工艺不合理;施工管理混乱,并针对性的提出了3大对策和9项工艺改进措施。     

一种半无限土体中圆孔扩张的分析方法

在静压桩贯入问题的研究中,常用无限土体中圆孔扩张法来模拟桩端对土体的扩张。实际上,压桩问题属于半无限问题,必须考虑从无限问题转化到半无限问题后地面边界处应力的差异。针对半无限问题中地表应力的修正,在现有研究的基础上引入了应力函数解答来求解弹性条件下半无限问题,很好地修正了地表应力,得到了相应的解答。与原有的解答相比,提出的解答能够更好地反映半无限的特性,为进一步分析压桩问题奠定了基础。     

矿井电穿透法二维正演数值模拟

通过研究巷道间电穿透二维正演数值模拟理论及复杂模型正演实例分析, 结果表明工作面内顺层电穿透技术, 仍属体积勘探, 探测的有效深度是一个深度段。不同建场方法有不同的建场特性且能分别突出各目的层 (煤层内或顶底板围岩内) 的异常, 为解决采煤工作面附近的具体问题使用相应的方法提供了理论依据。      

Data assimilation using the particle filter for identifying the elasto‐plastic material properties of geomaterials

A computational method, incorporating the finite element model (FEM) into data assimilation using the particle filter, is presented for identifying elasto‐plastic material properties based on sequential measurements under the known changing traction boundary conditions to overcome some difficulties in identifying the parameters for elasto‐plastic problems from which the existing inverse analysis strategies have suffered. A soil–water coupled problem, which uses the elasto‐plastic constitutive model, is dealt with as the geotechnical application. Measured data on the settlement and the pore pressure are obtained from a synthetic FEM computation as the forward problem under the known parameters to be identified for both the element tests and the ground behavior during the embankment construction sequence. Parameter identification for elasto‐plastic problems, such as soil behavior, should be made by considering the measurements of deformation and/or pore pressure step by step from the initial stage of construction and throughout the deformation history under the changing traction boundary conditions because of the embankment or the excavation because the ground behavior is highly dependent on the loading history. Thus, it appears that sequential data assimilation techniques, such as the particle filter, are the preferable tools that can provide estimates of the state variables, that is, deformation, pore pressure, and unknown parameters, for the constitutive model in geotechnical practice. The present paper discusses the priority of the particle filter in its application to initial/boundary value problems for elasto‐plastic materials and demonstrates a couple of numerical examples. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Sinusoidal oscillations radiating from a cylindrical source in thermal conduction or groundwater flow: Closed‐form solutions

The diffusion equation governs thermal conduction and groundwater flow phenomena. In this paper, we study the two‐dimensional radial propagation of a sinusoidal perturbation radiating from a cylindrical source within an infinite slab of homogeneous material. The solution of this problem has several applications. For instance, it can be used to determine the hydraulic diffusivity of the subsurface based on measurements of the hydraulic head around a vertical well during its development. For thermal problems, it can be used to determine the thermal diffusivity based on measurements of the temperature distribution around a cylindrical heat source generating a sinusoidal power per unit length. In this paper, we present a comprehensive analytical solution of this problem and we compare these solutions with numerical solutions. Two approximate analytical solutions, which can be relevant in practice, are also presented. Finally, we give an upper bound for the survival time of the transient part of the solution and we provide an estimate of the radius of influence of the sinusoidal solicitation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.