Numerical and theoretical research on stress distribution in the loosening zone of the trapdoor problem

The traditional theory of soil arching effect was developed on the assumption that stress distribution in the loosening zone is uniform. However, because of the deflection of principal stress' direction, the stress distribution in the loosening zone is actually ununiform. For the evaluation of principal stress axis deflection and stress redistribution, a discrete element method numerical model of trapdoor problem is established for the simulation of soil arching effect. Based on the numerical results, an arc shape of major principal stress trajectory and uniform horizontal stress distribution at the same depth of the loosening zone are adopted. An analytical model is raised to estimate the average loosening earth pressure acting on the trapdoor and stress distribution in the loosening zone at a limit state. In addition, comparison studies are carried out between the predictions of the proposed solutions and discrete element method numerical results as well as available model test results, thereby validating the accuracy of the proposed theoretical model. Both numerical and theoretical results indicate that the vertical stress distribution in the loosening zone is obviously ununiform. The load acting in the middle of loosening zone is transferred toward two sides so that the vertical stress distribution in loosening zone is concave.     

我国煤炭资源开发利用中某些问题的探讨

针对我国煤炭资源开发利用中存在的诸如煤炭资源的低效率应用、无序开采、生态环境恶化等问题，指出了我国煤炭资源管理法规中存在的问题，提出了加强煤炭资源开发管理、构建煤炭循环经济体系、加大安全投入、加强煤炭矿区环境的治理和保护、健全有偿使用资源法规制度等对策。     

地热井常见主要问题分析与研究

针对目前地热井施工技术现状及地热井使用中常见的问题，进行了较为详细的分析和研究，并就今后发展方向和建议进行了初步探讨。     

An integrated wavelet concept of physical geodesy

For the determination of the earth's gravity field many types of observations are nowadays available, including terrestrial gravimetry, airborne gravimetry, satellite-to-satellite tracking, satellite gradio-metry, etc. The mathematical connection between these observables on the one hand and gravity field and shape of the earth on the other is called the integrated concept of physical geodesy. In this paper harmonic wavelets are introduced by which the gravitational part of the gravity field can be approximated progressively better and better, reflecting an increasing flow of observations. An integrated concept of physical geodesy in terms of harmonic wavelets is presented. Essential tools for approximation are integration formulas relating an integral over an internal sphere to suitable linear combinations of observation functionals, i.e. linear functionals representing the geodetic observables. A scale discrete version of multiresolution is described for approximating the gravitational potential outside and on the earth's surface. Furthermore, an exact fully discrete wavelet approximation is developed for the case of band-limited wavelets. A method for combined global outer harmonic and local harmonic wavelet modelling is proposed corresponding to realistic earth's models. As examples, the role of wavelets is discussed for the classical Stokes problem, the oblique derivative problem, satellite-to-satellite tracking, satellite gravity gradiometry and combined satellite-to-satellite tracking and gradiometry. Received: 28 February 1997 / Accepted: 17 November 1997     

一维连续导电剖面的反演问题

基于Schlumberger装置测得的视电阻率,在Coen理论的基础上对一维连续直流导电剖面的反演问题进行研究。分别给出了导电剖面是常函数、线性函数、幂函数、指数函数、分段函数情况下的精确数据和噪音数据反演结果。利用一个野外场地反演的例子,把利用该方法进行反演得到的连续模型和Inman得到的层状模型进行了相应的比较,发现该方法在处理实际场地数据也是有效的。     

吉林省煤炭资源供需形势及对策

煤炭工业可持续发展必须有煤炭资源作为基础和支撑。近年来我省煤炭资源开发强度大,尚未利用资源中可供建井的资源、储量严重不足,受我省煤炭资源聚煤规律、赋存总量、地质条件和主要预测区勘查程度低等条件的限制,资源勘查形势严峻。通过对吉林省煤炭资源开发情况、煤炭供需形势及预测和存在的突出问题进行分析、研究,提出建议和对策以加大、加快地质勘查力度,保证煤炭资源的接续和供给。     

高频浅地层剖面技术在海底管道探测中的应用

在海底管道的探测中,为获知海管在海底的真实赋存状态,确定其埋藏深度或悬跨高度,多使用高频浅地层剖面仪等传统声学设备。但在海底斜坡、凹坑、凸起等不平整地层处,由于设备自身原理造成的地层探测界面偏移、图像失真及资料多解性问题仍困扰着工程人员。通过正演模拟的方法探究高频浅地层剖面仪在海底特殊地层处海管检测的波场传播特征,探讨资料的解释陷阱,并提出了解决方案。研究结果表明,利用浅地层剖面仪探测管道在海底的赋存状态,应将探测图像与海底地形、地貌、沉积物运移等因素结合起来综合考虑,把探测图像回归到真实海底环境中,以准确评价海底管道的安全状态。     

基于贝叶斯理论的逐次迭代非线性AVA反演方法

常规AVA三参数反演方法均基于横波速度与纵波速度之比γ为常数这一假设条件,且常被近似地取为0.5。然而在许多情况下γ并不为常数,而是在横向与纵向都渐变。若一概假定γ等于0.5,反演出的岩性参数势必要偏离真实值,因此有必要合理地选择γ。笔者基于贝叶斯理论,提出逐次迭代非线性AVA的反演方法。该方法把γ看成横向与纵向都渐变的反演初始背景,通过给定初始模型计算初始背景γ,并采用逐次迭代的策略求解该反演问题,解决了关于γ的选取问题以及由于引入变γ值而带来的非线性问题,提高了AVA三参数反演结果的精确度。     

A BME solution of the inverse problem for saturated groundwater flow

In most real-world hydrogeologic situations, natural heterogeneity and measurement errors introduce major sources of uncertainty in the solution of the inverse problem. The Bayesian Maximum Entropy (BME) method of modern geostatistics offers an efficient solution to the inverse problem by first assimilating various physical knowledge bases (hydrologic laws, water table elevation data, uncertain hydraulic resistivity measurements, etc.) and then producing robust estimates of the subsurface variables across space. We present specific methods for implementing the BME conceptual framework to solve an inverse problem involving Darcys law for subsurface flow. We illustrate one of these methods in the case of a synthetic one-dimensional case study concerned with the estimation of hydraulic resistivity conditioned on soft data and hydraulic head measurements. The BME framework processes the physical knowledge contained in Darcys law and generates accurate estimates of hydraulic resistivity across space. The optimal distribution of hard and soft data needed to minimize the associated estimation error at a specified sampling cost is determined. This work was supported by grants from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Grant no. 5 P42 ES05948 and P30ES10126), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Grant no. 60-00RFQ041), the Army Research Office (Grant no. DAAG55-98-1-0289), and the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMS-0112069.