鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬-元城地区构造裂缝特征与形成期次的划分

通过分析鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬-元城地区野外地质露头与井下裂缝特征,结合构造应力场背景分析,获得以下认识：1)该区构造裂缝以斜交于最大主应力的单条裂缝为主,尤其以SWW-NEE或近EW向裂缝和NNE-SSW或近S-N向裂缝较为发育,并发育少量对应的NW-SE和NE-SW向共轭裂缝。2）根据露头区裂缝系统的切割关系,NE向和近S-N向延伸的裂缝为后期发育, NW向和NEE向延伸的裂缝为早期发育;3)燕山期北西-南东向压应力场背景下,早白垩世末构造抬升造成的主应力差是早期共轭裂缝形成的主要原因;喜山期区域北东-南西应力挤压是后一期延伸裂缝的主要原因。     

Antioxidant systems of aquatic macrophytes in three life forms:a case study in Lake Erhai,China

Antioxidant systems are vital in life activities of macrophytes. Species with diff erent life forms need to cope with distinct environments by modifying physiological characters, especially antioxidant systems. In order to find diff erences among life forms and consequence of lake eutrophication, we studied three antioxidant enzymes activity (superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate oxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT)) and total soluble phenolics (TP) content in leaves of 26 macrophyte species in September 2013 in Lake Erhai, China. We found that antioxidation varied accordingly with life forms. The activities of SOD and APX in emergent macrophytes (EM) and floating-leaved macrophytes (FM) were much lower than those of submerged macrophytes (SM). On the contrary, TP content was much higher in EM and FM species. There was a negative correlation between TP and antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT and APX). The results suggested that EM and FM species rely on phenolics might to adapt to adverse environments (higher herbivores predation pressure and UV radiation intensity), while SM species more rely on antioxidant enzymes possibly due to lower demand for antioxidation and/or lack of light and inorganic C availability for phenolics synthesis. We also found FM species represent highest fitness in term of antioxidant system, which would lead to overgrowth of FM species and littoral zone bogginess during lake eutrophication. Finally, it is necessary to carry out the verification experiment under the control condition in the later stage, especially for the dominant ones in eutrophic lakes, to understand the exact adaptive mechanisms of them.     

不同无机氮浓度下三角褐指藻藻际细菌群落变化研究

藻际环境细菌和微藻间存在着独特的生态关系,它们可以通过转化和交换浮游植物分泌的有机质来影响其生理和代谢。尽管一些功能微生物在藻际环境的营养循环中具有重要作用,例如氮代谢,但是关于细菌群落与共生藻类如何响应环境中氮营养条件的改变目前并不十分清楚,其对于我们了解全球营养物质循环、藻华的形成以及生态系统功能至关重要。本文基于16S rRNA基因的高通量测序技术,分析了不同形态、不同浓度无机氮培养条件下三角褐指藻藻际环境中相关细菌群落的多样性和群落结构。系统发育分析结果表明,变形菌（Proteobacteria）和拟杆菌（Bacteroidetes）是所有样品中的优势菌,占序列总数的99.5%。同时发现,不同氮浓度培养条件下,细菌群落结构随微藻丰度的变化而改变。氮浓度及形态的变化对菌群结构的影响不显著。此外,γ-变形菌纲中三种细菌（Marinobacter;Algiphilus;Methylophaga）的相对丰度在氮限制培养条件下明显增加,它们可能在共生体系的氮转化过程中具有重要作用。     

ICP-AES测定金属元素铜活动态及其初步应用

金属元素活动态是我国5种深穿透地球化学技术中应用最广的方法之一。此方法是通过提取地表土壤一定深度介质中元素活动态的微弱隐伏矿信息而找寻隐伏矿,属于通过直接信息找矿,目前该方法的标准化程度不高。为将铜元素活动态应用于地质找矿,该文对铜元素4个活动态的相态(水浸出态、粘土吸附态、有机链合态、铁锰氧化物态)循序提取的条件及ICP-AES测定技术进行了研究,包括采样深度、分析样品粒度、样品存放时间、提取条件、测定干扰等,通过对铜活动态提取液处理方法的改进,提高了分析速度和分析数据的精度。由实验数据计算出各相态方法的检出限和精密度RSD(n=10),水浸出态为0.079mg/L,13.90%~22.49%;粘土吸附态为0.275mg/L,11.99%~23.29%;有机链合态为0.362mg/L,10.70%~57.27%;铁锰氧化物态为0.230mg/L,17.83%~38.61%。该方法操作方便,精密度较好,应用于碑楼隐伏铜矿的野外探测实验,探测结果所圈定的综合异常与实际矿体的水平投影相符,取得了较满意的试验效果,该方法可应用于不同地质景观区。     

Nekhoroshev estimate for isochronous non resonant symplectic maps

We prove that non resonant isochronous symplectic maps in a neighborhood of an elliptic fixed point are stable for exponentially long times with the inverse of the distance from the fixed point. In the proof we make use of the majorant series method together with an idea for optimizing remainder estimates first applied to Hamiltonian problems by Nekhoroshev.     

钚在地下水中的存在形态分析

钚是某些放射性废物中的关键核素,在放射性废物地质处置的过程中,钚的迁移行为研究对于处置库的安全评价至关重要。钚的存在形态直接影响其迁移行为,本文选用地球化学模式程序EQ3/6模拟计算了钚在某区钻孔地下水中的存在形态,并对影响因素进行了分析。结果表明某区地下水主要为咸水,具有高矿化的特征,pH值在7～9之间,水化学类型主要以Cl-SO4-Na型和SO4-Cl-Na型为主,地下水中钚的存在形态主要以Pu(Ⅳ)物种为主。并通过结论得出钚的存在形态主要受着地下水化学成分特征控制,同时pH值和Eh的值对钚的存在形态也有很大的影响。     

Interpolation between Businger–Dyer Formulae and Free Convection Forms: A Revised Approach

In this study, profile functions for flux calculations during unstable conditions are proposed and examined. These functions are based on a direct interpolation for the dimensionless wind speed and temperature gradients between the standard Businger–Dyer formulae, , , and free convection forms, , being the Monin–Obukhov stability parameter. A previously presented interpolation between the corresponding profile relationships, in attempting to provide a general relationship for the whole unstable regime, leads to serious restrictions for the values of in the free convection forms. These restrictions rendered available experimental data almost inapplicable, since the behaviour of the formulae in the near-neutral range controls the values of those parameters. The proposed interpolation provides functions that, firstly, fit the standard Businger–Dyer forms for near-neutral conditions and, secondly, satisfy the asymptotic behaviour as , permitting wider ranges of possible values. This step is very important, taking into account the large spread of the experimental data. Thus, as further and more accurate observations at strong instability become available, this approach could prove very efficient in fitting these data while retaining correct near-neutral behaviour.     

全数字摄影测量系统与MicroStation联机测图

论述了全数字摄影测量系统(DPS)与MicroStation联机测图的方法,以及与此相关的层控对应表的制作.以实际生产作业为例,有效地提高了工作效率,降低内耗,减少了作业中间数据的相互转换,避免了有效数据的丢失,很好地保证了产品的质量.     

关中塿土地区土壤pH变化对硒形态及有效性的影响

以关中塿土为研究对象,选择周至-户县中酸性土壤和三原-阎良偏碱性土壤2个典型地区,采集小麦根系土及小麦籽粒样品,测试分析样品中硒含量及土壤中硒的形态,研究土壤pH变化对土壤中Se含量、硒形态、硒的生物有效性的影响,得出以下结论：①关中塿土pH对Se的含量影响不显著,土壤硒形态以强有机结合态、残渣态及腐殖酸结合态为主,大于80%。有效硒（离子交换态硒+水溶态硒）在偏碱性土壤中大于10%,中性土壤为4.91%,弱酸性土壤为8.17%,呈"山谷型"特征。②有效硒中,pH对水溶态Se含量影响不大,对离子交换态硒影响则更为显著。③与青海、宁夏等富硒地区相比,周至-户县、三原-阎良地区塿土中Se含量相对不高,但三原-阎良地区弱碱性、碱性塿土中种植的小麦富硒率分别达89%、100%,表明偏碱性土壤条件下硒的生物有效性较高,其中弱碱性塿土中硒的有效性最高。     

煤中氯赋存形态的试验研究

采用艾氏卡熔样—硫氰酸钾滴定法,对我国41个煤中氯的含量进行测定,并研究了煤中氯含量与挥发分、固定碳、灰分以及碱金属的关系。结果表明,我国煤中氯含量普遍较低,一般为0.1%~0.2%;煤中氯含量与煤的煤化程度有明显关系,煤的变质程度越高,煤中氯的含量越少。煤中氯含量与煤中水分和氟的含量无关。随着煤中碱金属含量的增加,煤中氯含量呈下降趋势,煤中氯与碱金属(Na,K,Ca,Mg)等存在负相关性。煤中氯主要以有机形式存在。