“一带一路”沿线国家科研合作网络的多元结构及形成机制

科技合作是"一带一路"倡议"民心相通"的重要组成部分,2013年以来取得显著进展。以"一带一路"沿线65国为研究区,运用WOS核心集合论文合作数据构建国家间科研合作矩阵,通过GIS空间分析、社会网络分析以及负二项回归分析法,探究沿线各国2013年和2018年科研合作网络的多元化结构及形成机制,结果表明:①在全球尺度,"一带一路"沿线各国与其他国家之间的知识流动日趋频繁,但内部合作紧密程度不及与沿线以外地区的合作程度。沿线区域对全球的科研合作网络由欧洲、美国和中国"三足鼎立"骨架结构向欧洲、美国、中国、加拿大、日本、澳大利亚等多个密集区构成的"多边形"骨架结构转变。②"一带一路"沿线地区的合作网络的空间结构,由中国、中东欧区组成的"双核发散"向"一区多点"构成的"多极化"空间结构转变;等级结构则呈现典型的"中心-外围"等级层次结构,且由单核心向双核心转变;控制结构呈现出由"单核心"向四周高、中间低的"多超多强"盆地型控制结构转变。③沿线国家的科研实力、经济发展水平、对外开放度等国家主体属性以及地理邻近性、社会邻近性等是沿线科研合作网络形成的主要机制,其中科研实力、社会邻近性的作用最大,地理距离对科研合作的阻碍作用逐渐减弱。     

东昆仑断裂玛沁-玛曲段断层结构和应力场特征研究

为研究东昆仑断裂玛沁-玛曲段的活动特征,利用双差定位法对东昆仑断裂玛沁-玛曲段2009-01～2018-09中小地震进行重新定位,并基于CAP(cut and paste)方法反演研究区域3.5级以上地震的震源机制解.结果显示,地震活动沿断裂带分段特征明显,在101°E附近地震沿阿万仓断裂分布,近10 a来玛沁至若尔盖...     

国外创新网络演化机制研究

创新网络研究是创新地理学研究的热点,其中创新网络的演化机制是当前创新网络研究的核心问题之一。论文通过CiteSpace知识图谱定量分析和文献深度分析相结合,对国外创新网络演化机制的研究进行全面解析,结果表明：① 网络内生效应,包括网络的整体特征、根植性、外部性、技术守门员与吸收能力等,对创新网络的演化主要体现在组织要素对当地的依赖程度、对外部知识的吸收能力,以及对整体网络的控制能力;② 网络组织要素的规模、性质和大小等对创新网络的形成演化也有一定的作用;③ 多维邻近性对于创新网络的形成和演化具有重要作用,单一邻近性和邻近性之间的综合作用对于创新网络的演化具有阶段性特征;④ 不同发展阶段创新网络的演化机制不同,机制之间的组合模式也存在差异。最后,在总结国外创新网络演化机制研究的主要内容和方法的基础上,提出了当前该领域研究中存在的不足及未来研究的方向。     

中小城市公共自行车出行模式与驱动机制研究

公共自行车在促进交通可持续发展、方便居民出行等方面意义重大。本文以广东省惠州市惠城区和惠阳区、韶关市区公共自行车为研究对象,利用时间序列数据分析、层次聚类、地理可视化等方法探究出行模式,利用随机森林算法分析出行行为的影响因素及其重要性程度。研究发现,惠州市惠城区和韶关市的公共自行车出行行为有规律、成规模,站点呈现生活居住、工作就业等类型;惠州市惠城区自行车使用目的多元,包括通勤、短途办事、公交接驳等,韶关市中,通勤是主要出行目的。惠州市惠阳区受到骑行道路限制,公共自行车使用率低。本研究可以为提高公共自行车系统运营效率、引导慢行交通政策制定、评估城市用地布局提供参考和建议,也能为其他区域公共自行车的研究提供借鉴作用。     

Magmatic-hydrothermal Evolution and Mineralization Mechanisms of the Wangjiazhuang Cu (-Mo) Deposit in the Zouping Volcanic Basin, Shandong Province, China: Constraints from Fluid Inclusions

The Wangjiazhuang Cu (-Mo) deposit, located within the Zouping volcanic basin in western Shandong Province, China, is unique in this area for having an economic value. In order to expound the metallogenetic characteristics of this porphyry-like hydrothermal deposit, a detailed fluid inclusion study has been conducted, employing the techniques of representative sampling, fluid inclusion petrography, microthermometry, Raman spectroscopy, LA-ICP-MS analysis of single fluid inclusions, as well as cathode fluorescence spectrometer analysis of host mineral quartz. The deposit contains mainly two types of orebodies, i.e. veinlet-dissemination-stockwork orebodies in the K-Si alteration zone and pegmatitic-quartz sulfide veins above them. In addition, minor breccia ore occurs locally. Four types of fluid inclusions in the deposit and altered quartz monzonite are identified: L-type one- or two-phase aqueous inclusions, V-type vapor-rich inclusions with V/L ratios greater than 50%–90%, D-type multiphase fluid inclusions containing daughter minerals or solids and S-type silicate-bearing fluid inclusions containing mainly muscovite and biotite. Ore petrography and fluid inclusion study has revealed a three-stage mineralization process, driven by magmatic-hydrothermal fluid activity, as follows. Initially, a hydrothermal fluid, separated from the parent magma, infiltrated into the quartz monzonite, resulting in its extensive K-Si alteration, as indicated by silicate-bearing fluid inclusions trapped in altered quartz monzonite. This is followed by the early mineralization, the formation of quartz veinlets and dissemination-stockwork ores. During the main mineralization stage, due to the participation and mixing of meteoric groundwater with magmatic-sourced hydrothermal fluid, the cooling and phase separation caused deposition of metals from the hydrothermal fluids. As a result, the pegmatitic-quartz sulfide-vein ores formed. In the late mineralization stage, decreasing fluid salinity led to the formation of L-type aqueous inclusions and chalcopyrite-sulfosalt ore. Coexistence of V-type and D-type inclusions and their similar homogenization temperatures with different homogenization modes suggest that phase separation or boiling of the ore-forming fluids took place during the early and the main mineralization stages. The formation P-T conditions of S-type inclusions and the early and the main mineralization stages were estimated as ca. 156–182 MPa and 450–650°C, 350–450°C, 18–35 MPa and 280–380°C, 8–15 MPa, respectively, based on the microthermometric data of the fluid inclusions formed at the individual stages.     

Coherent synchrotron emission observed: implications for radio astronomy

Synchrotron radiation by relativistic electrons spiralling in magnetic fields is a mainstay of radio astronomy, accounting for emissions from many objects. Conventional models assume that electrons radiate singly, so power scales with number of electrons. Yet recently jets from active galactic nuclei have shown very high luminosity, inconsistent with plausible single-particle synchrotron emission. We report experiments showing that, by stimulating plasma instabilities with relativistic electron beams, one can induce increases in the synchrotron emission by factors of ∼10⁶. Enhancement presumably arises from coherent bunching of the relativistic electrons as they spiral in an ambient magnetic field. Polarization measurements suggest that electrons radiatively cooperate on scales of ∼6.6 cm. Radio telescope Stokes parameters may be able to reveal such polarization effects in high-brightness sources, a new observing diagnostic.     

四川地震辐射能量和视应力的研究

利用国家地震台网和全球地震台网的宽频带远震P波波形数据,通过测定2014—2019年间国内M_W≥6.0和国外M_W≥6.5共105次浅源地震的辐射能量和能量震级,研究了震源机制解对辐射能量估计的影响。结果表明：① 震源机制不同导致地震能量辐射差异较大,其中走滑型地震对辐射能量的影响最大,对能量震级的平均影响因子为0.34,正断型地震对能量震级的平均影响因子为0.08,逆断型地震对能量震级的影响最小,平均影响因子为0.05;② 不同震源机制类型地震的差震级ΔM也不同,走滑型地震的ΔM为 0.31,正断型地震的ΔM为0.21,逆断型地震的ΔM为0.08,这表明走滑型地震辐射能量的效率较高,正断型次之, 逆断型最低;③ 根据鲁甸地震的测定结果分析可知,当能矩比与慢度参数均远高于全球平均水平时,即使该地震震级较小,也存在造成严重破坏的概率;④ 能量震级M_e和矩震级M_W分别反映了震源的动态和静态属性,二者的联合测定对地震灾害合理评估和地震应急具有重要意义。     

球管焦点选择对多排螺旋CT后颅凹成像图像质量的影响

目的:探讨球管大小焦点的选择对多排螺旋CT后颅凹成像图像质量的影响。材料和方法:采用Light Speed VCT(美国GE公司,探测器64×0.625mm,焦点大小0.6mm×0.7mm和0.9mm×0.9mm)多排螺旋CT,在保证其他扫描参数一致基础上,分别使用球管大、小焦点对20例志愿者后颅凹相同层面进行轴位扫描,所得图像调成相同窗宽、窗位后使用Kodak 8700干式激光打印机打印输出。由两位5年以上工作经验放射科医师分别对后颅凹层面的图像质量评价打分。阅片结果采用SPSS 11.5软件包进行组间Kappa检验及组内x²检验。结果:两位医师对于后颅凹层面的图像质量评价结果具有一致性(Kappa值=0.57),使用小焦点扫描颅底图像质量优于大焦点扫描(P<0.05)。结论:多排螺旋CT使用小焦点扫描可以改善图像质量。     

齐热哈塔尔水电站引水隧洞岩爆破坏及机理研究

岩体内部结构对岩体特性产生影响,进而决定岩体的破坏形式。通过对齐热哈塔尔水电站引水隧洞的岩爆现象的研究,提出了岩爆爆裂体的概念,该岩爆爆裂体是指岩爆发生前处于临界破坏状态的碎裂结构岩体,其形成和破坏与岩体的微观结构、地应力场特征和工程布置有关。根据齐热哈塔尔水电站引水隧洞中不同工程部位的岩爆破坏特征,进一步分析了岩爆爆裂体的形成过程、破坏模式和破坏机理,为岩爆问题的研究提供了一个良好的理论基础。     

The multi-band non-thermal emission from the supernova remnant RX J1713.7−3946

Non-thermal X-rays and very high energy (VHE) γ-rays have been detected from the supernova remnant (SNR) RX J1713.7−3946, and the recent observations with the Suzaku satellite clearly reveal a spectral cut-off in the X-ray spectrum, which directly relates to the cut-off of the energy spectrum of the parent electrons. However, whether the origin of the VHE γ-rays from the SNR is hadronic or leptonic is still in debate. We studied the multi-band non-thermal emission from RX J1713.7−3946 based on a semi-analytical approach towards the non-linear shock acceleration process by including the contribution of the accelerated electrons to the non-thermal radiation. The results show that the multi-band observations on RX J1713.7−3946 can be well explained in the model with appropriate parameters, and the TeV γ-rays have hadronic origin, i.e. they are produced via proton–proton interactions as the relativistic protons accelerated by the shock collide with the ambient matter.