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71.
周口店河谷地区发现古宽谷地形及其相关的沉积物——Ⅳ阶地砾石层。砾石层形成于早更新世,是地表槽状流水作用的结果,命名为“捐兵湾组”。此地层的发现完善了周口店地区晚新生代地层系统,为重建北京猿人先期的古地理环境提供了科学依据。  相似文献   
72.
河南西峡-内乡琥珀矿床的初步研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
河南西峡-内乡琥珀矿床是我国琥珀市场上原料的重要产地。通过对该矿床的地层、岩相、古地理以及水动力条件等因素的分析研究,以及对琥珀矿体地质特征、琥珀物理性质及化学组成特征的研究,认为该琥珀矿床属于晚白垩世河流冲、洪积沉积矿床。  相似文献   
73.
Active meandering rivers are capable of reworking and removing large quantities of valuable land. Therefore, understanding the characteristics of meandering rivers and predicting future meander behaviour can be of great value for local authorities. In this study, we apply a topographic steering meander model to the Geul River (southern Netherlands), using field data to calibrate the model. The present channel characteristics of the Geul River were mapped in the field. Cut‐banks were classified as erosive, unstable or stable. The model outcomes were compared with these field data. Several model runs were carried out, using different sets of parameter values. After studying the results and using the field data, we introduced the concept of a variable channel width in the simulation model. In reality, the river has different channel widths varying from 8 to more than 15 m. These widths are a linear function of local curvature. The model runs using a variable channel width show that the model is capable of predicting locations of lateral migration in conformity with observed active lateral migration and erosive banks. With both models, the sediment reworking time of the floodplain can be calculated. Floodplain reworking times of 200–300 years were calculated. In combination with the lateral migration rate, this reworking time is an important element in catchment sediment budget calculations. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
74.
山区河流准三维水沙输运与河床演变模拟   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
程根伟 《山地学报》2001,19(3):207-212
在渠道水力学和河流动力学研究的基础上,对不规则河流形态下的纵向流速分布和弯道水流进行了讨论,并分析了任意断面和垂线位置的流场计算公式。在综合各种泥沙动力学研究成果基础之上,探讨了在天然河流中的悬移质输沙能力与沉积条件,分析了河床质起动的控制性因素及推移质输沙方程。提出了受冲淤影响的河床质粒径组成和动态递推公式。结合这些流场与泥沙计算方法及河床形态调整技术,作者提出一个准三维河流动力学模型。该模型只需要河流几何形状、人流条件以及泥沙级配参数,能够模拟出不规则几何形态的河道断面流速分布及平面流场分布,并且对于弯道水流特征与泥沙输送一沉积特征也能得到较好的表现。该模型是对有关河流演变理论和实验成果的综合应用,为研究山区高含沙水流下的河床变形以及洪水演进提供了强有力的工具。  相似文献   
75.
四川紫色丘陵区坡坎生态系统分布面积大 ,生物组合类型多样 ;合理建造坡坎生态系统是改善和保护农田生态环境的重要措施 ,生态功能显著 ;优化利用坡坎生态系统是提高土地持续生产力、增加农业收入的有效途径。  相似文献   
76.
河流沉积对于气候和海平面变化响应的讨论   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
张哨楠 《矿物岩石》2001,21(3):23-26
河流沉积地层是古代陆相沉积和大陆边缘沉积的重要组成部分。河流沉积与气候和海平面升降之间的关系虽然研究较多,但是众多的研究集中于河流沉积与相对海平面之间的变化,而研究河流沉积与气候的关系则集中于对近100Ma年以来的河流沉积,而对古代河沉积与气候之间的变化关系研究较少。本文拟对河流沉积与海平面变化和气候变化的响应进行一些讨论。  相似文献   
77.
Flume experiments were conducted on different bed stages across the ripple–dune transition. As flow velocity increases, an initially flat bed surface (made of fairly uniform sandy material) is gradually transformed into a two‐dimensional rippled bed. With further increase in velocity, two‐dimensional ripples are replaced by irregular, linguoid ripples. As the average velocity necessary for the ripple–dune transition to occur is imposed on the bed surface, these non‐equilibrium linguoid ripples are further transformed into larger, two‐dimensional dunes. For each of these stages across the transition, a concrete mould of the bed was created and the flow structure above each fixed bed surface investigated. An acoustic Doppler velocimeter was used to study the flow characteristics above each bed surface. Detailed profiles were used along a transect located in the middle of the channel. Results are presented in the form of spatially averaged profiles of various flow characteristics and of contour maps of flow fields (section view). They clearly illustrate some important distinctions in the flow structure above the different bedform types associated with different stages during the transition. Turbulence intensity and Reynolds stresses gradually increase throughout the transition. Two‐dimensional ripples present a fairly uniform spatial distribution of turbulent flow characteristics above the bed. Linguoid ripples induce three‐dimensional turbulence structure at greater heights above the bed surface and turbulence intensity tends to increase steadily with height above bed surface in the wake region. A very significant increase in turbulence intensity and momentum exchange occurs during the transition from linguoid ripples to dunes. The turbulent flow field properties above dunes are highly dependent on the position along and above the bed surface and these fields present a very high degree of spatial variability (when compared with the rippled beds). Further investigations under natural conditions emphasizing sediment transport mechanisms and rates during the transition should represent the next step of analysis, together with an emphasis on quadrant analysis. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
78.
Cryptic sequence boundaries in braided fluvial successions   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
In braided fluvial deposits, consisting of monotonous successions of sandstone or conglomerate, it may be difficult to distinguish regionally significant bounding surfaces (sequence boundaries) from autogenic channel-scour surfaces. Major surfaces may be characterized by erosional relief and draped by lag deposits, but not all sequence boundaries show these characteristics. Other clues to the presence of a major surface are sharp changes in detrital composition, shifts in regional palaeocurrent trends and evidence of early diagenesis of the sandstones immediately below the sequence boundary. Examples of these attributes of cryptic sequence boundaries are illustrated from three Mesozoic units in the Colorado Plateau area of the United States. In the Chinle Formation (Triassic), near Moab, Utah, angular intraformational unconformities overlie sandstones showing evidence of early diagenesis. In the Castlegate Sandstone (Upper Cretaceous) of east-central Utah, a cryptic sequence boundary can be discriminated from other erosion surfaces by the evidence of detrital petrography and early diagenesis. Palaeocurrent data indicate changes in regional palaeoslope at two sequence boundaries within this unit. Evidence of early diagenesis is also present at a sequence boundary in the Kayenta Formation (Jurassic) of westernmost Colorado.  相似文献   
79.
黄河上游的阶地与水系变迁   总被引:23,自引:3,他引:23  
杨达源  王云飞 《地理科学》1996,16(2):137-143
黄河上游于贵德盆地和共和盆地中有7级阶地,再往上游方向存在阶地级数递减的趋势。共和盆地中还有3级古黄河阶地,黄河上游水系是通过一级级河流袭夺相继贯通的,共和盆地与贵德盆地间的黄河古道始于中更新世末期,龙羊峡河段始于60ka B.P.前后,玛多与唐乃亥 间的峡谷河段是20ka B.P.才贯通的。  相似文献   
80.
The combined effects of climate and tectonism on general terrace stratigraphy and valley asymmetry during the last half million years in the Allier system (France) are simulated by a 3-D conceptual model (LIMTER). This model allows the formulation and evaluation of long term terrace formation scenarios for the Allier system. Simulation results suggest that terrace stratigraphy in the study area is mainly the result of internal dynamics and climatic change. Local tectonism contributed to the development of unpaired terraces while the general regional uplift played a dominant role in determining terrace formation and preservation in general.  相似文献   
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