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981.
Given the contrasting behaviour observed for geomaterials, for example, during landslides of the flow type, this contribution proposes an original constitutive model, which associates both an elasto‐plastic relation and a Bingham viscous law linked by a mechanical transition criterion. This last is defined as the second‐order work sign for each material point, which is a general criterion for divergence instabilities. Finite element method with Lagrangian integration points is chosen as a framework for implementing the new model because of its well‐known ability to deal with both solid and fluid behaviours in large deformation processes. A first boundary model considering a sample of initially stable soil, a slope and an obstacle is performed. The results show the power of the constitutive model because the consistent evolution of initiation, propagation and arrest of the mudflow is described. A parametric study is led on various plastic and viscous parameters to determine their influence on the flow development and arrest. Finally, forces against the obstacle are compared with good agreement with those of other authors for the same geometry and a pure viscous behaviour. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
982.
Shyh‐Lung Hwang Pouyan Shen Hao‐Tsu Chu Tzen‐Fu Yui Yoshiyuki Iizuka Hans‐Peter Schertl 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2019,37(8):1079-1098
Metamorphic garnet commonly contains needle‐like rutile inclusions as well as equant rutile inclusions that surround quartz inclusions and range in size from submicrometer to nanometer. Although the origin of these equant rutile inclusions, that is, exsolution or non‐exsolution, has important implications for petrological and tectonic processes, the crystallographic characteristics of these inclusions have rarely been studied because of the small sizes and analytical difficulties involved. Here, we report the crystallographic characteristics pertinent to the genetic origin of minute equant rutile inclusions in cloudy, nearly spherically shaped garnet domains with Ti‐depleted compositions surrounding quartz inclusions in ultrahigh‐pressure garnet from several diamondiferous Erzgebirge quartzofeldspathic gneissic rock samples. TEM analyses show that the equant rutile crystals in cloudy garnet domains are partially bounded by the low‐energy {100}rt ± {110}rt ± {101}rt facets and have rather random crystallographic orientation relationships (CORs) with the garnet host, with preferential alignment of low‐energy lattice planes, for example, {100}rt//{112}grt, for some rutile crystals. Although the rather random CORs are unlikely to be attributed to solid‐state exsolution subjected to the stringent topotactic garnet lattice constraints, the characteristic subhedral {100}rt ± {110}rt ± {101}rt crystal forms of rutile can be rationalized by a metasomatic dissolution‐reprecipitation mechanism via a fluid phase. In this scenario, the quartz+fluid inclusions in garnet were first subjected to decompression microcracking during rock exhumation, followed by dissolution of Ti‐bearing garnet matrix at the crack tips or along the crack surfaces and subsequent reprecipitation of rutile, apatite, gahnite, akdalaite, and Ti‐depleted garnet. The rapid coalescence between rutile and garnet crystals in fluid or direct attachment of rutile crystals onto the dissolving crack surfaces would then yield the rather random CORs as reported here. These results, along with previous work on rutile needles, indicate rather diverse genesis of rutile inclusions in various crystal forms, thus shedding light on the controversial exsolution origin for other inclusion suite/microstructure in minerals. 相似文献
983.
成矿场是指地质历史时期某成矿地区引起岩石变形的应力场,承载成矿作用引起流体效应的流体场,以及成矿元素迁移、沉淀、富集、叠加改造形成的物质场的总称.分析了一个成矿地区应力场、流体场、物质场的空间关系、研究内容与研究方法.根据成矿背景、控制因素、成矿环境将其分为7类成矿场,即:逆冲(推覆)-后伸展构造背景成矿场、走滑-伸展(伸展-走滑)-后逆冲构造背景成矿场、中酸性火山(次火山)岩浆活动背景成矿场、基性-超基性岩浆活动背景成矿场、盆地裂谷-海底喷流环境成矿场、外生海相建造环境成矿场、外生陆相建造环境成矿场.对前5类成矿场(以内生矿产为主)进行了系统的内涵表述.在此基础上对前5类成矿场的矿产勘查过程中关键地质因素进行了归纳分析,这对具体矿产勘查工作具有现实的指导意义. 相似文献
984.
基于2002~2017年三维大气再分析模型、水文模式及GRACE卫星重力数据,采用负荷格林函数和卫星重力反演方法分析青藏高原大尺度地表流体的重力效应特征。结果表明,青藏高原地区大气扣除季节项前后的重力效应峰对峰变化介于1.9~10.7 μGal和1.1~4.6 μGal,其负荷效应呈现出显著的季节性特征;土壤水和积雪扣除季节项前后的重力效应峰对峰变化介于0.9~9.9 μGal和0.7~8.3 μGal,其负荷效应呈现出显著的季节性和年际变化特征;GRACE时变重力场扣除季节项前后的重力变化峰对峰变化介于4.4~24.1 μGal和3.4~18.3 μGal,考虑观测误差、构造运动和信号泄漏误差的影响,其显著的季节性和年际变化反映了多种地表流体的综合影响。 相似文献
985.
长英质岩浆中不混溶流体的运移机理——兼论成矿作用发生的条件 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
与岩浆作用有关的热液矿床的形成,在一定程度上是岩浆体系内富含挥发分流体的组成、压力及性质演变的结果。长英质岩浆中无水硅酸盐矿物的结晶导致挥发性组分以气泡形式存在。气泡的体积随岩浆演化程度增强而不断增大,由于两不混溶流体之密度差而产生的力的作用使气泡相对硅酸盐熔体(+晶体)超前向上迁移,最终到达岩浆房顶部。长英质岩浆中富含挥发分流体的迁移运动是通过气泡的上浮实现的。气泡能否上浮主要取决于气泡的体积大小和受力的强度。只有体积较大的气泡才可能迅速迁移并到达岩浆房顶部。修正后的Darcy定律对气泡(岩浆体系中的流体)的上述运动特征给予了物理学方法的描述。 相似文献
986.
987.
988.
凹坑地形风流结构对污染物散布的模拟研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用建立的三维非静力高分辨率高阶湍流闭合模式与随机游动扩散模式研究了一个深凹露天矿区污染物散布的规律,同时在风洞中进行了示踪实验。结果表明,由于凹坑内复环流结构的存在,使得坑内污染物浓度较大,且浓度最大值出现在源的上风侧。数值试验与风洞试验结果吻合较好。 相似文献
989.
地下流体地震前兆多层次跟踪法在华南及沿海地区的应用 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
利用多层次跟踪法,对80年代以来华南及沿海地区发生的9次大于Ms5.0级和2次陆区接近Ms5.0级地震的发震时间进行了系统验证。在11个震例中预测时段正确的有:中期10个、短期5个和短临2个,表明该方法应用于华南及其沿海地区未来中强震发震时间的预报。 相似文献
990.
Pathways and distances of fluid flow during low-grade metamorphism: evidence from pyrite deposits of the Cameros Basin, Spain 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Alonso-Azcárate Rodas Bottrell Raiswell Velasco & Mas 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1999,17(4):339-348
New geochemical and sulphur isotopic data are presented for a number of pyrite deposits from the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous Cameros Basin, Spain. The deposits were formed at, or close to, the peak of metamorphism and are always related to sandstone units in the mainly metapelite sequence. Iron remained immobile and conservative, pyrite iron being derived by sulphidation of chlorite in the host metapelites. Reduced sulphur, however, was supplied from two external sources: thermochemical reduction of sulphate and release of S during metamorphism of sedimentary sulphides. These sources provided isotopically heavy and light S, respectively, with variation in pyrite isotopic composition between different deposits resulting from differences in their relative importance at each site. During metamorphism, the sandstone units acted as aquifers, carrying the sulphidic pore waters to locations where permeability provided by syn-depositional fractures on a scale of 0.5–5 m allowed its interaction with the metapelites. Transport distances for sulphide during metamorphism were of the order of hundreds of metres. 相似文献