裂缝性碳酸盐岩储层保护技术研究进展

概述了近年来国内外裂缝性碳酸盐岩储层保护技术的研究进展。主要介绍了裂缝性碳酸盐岩储层损害的评价方法、损害机理以及储层保护技术的研究现状,并与成熟的碎屑岩储层保护技术相比较,分析了裂缝性碳酸盐岩储层保护技术的发展方向。     

鄂北工区PDC钻头泥包特征分析及预防措施

针对鄂北工区钻井工作特点,结合中石化集团华北石油局三普钻井公司各井队近几年钻井生产情况,对PDC钻头在现场应用中普遍存在的泥包问题进行了分析,提出了一套可行的预防措施。     

内蒙古拜仁达坝银多金属矿矿床地质及成矿流体特征

内蒙古拜仁达坝矿区位于大兴安岭西坡银多金属成矿带,矿体产于元古宇宝音图组下岩段黑云斜长片麻岩和华力西期石英闪长岩中.根据野外脉体穿插关系和矿石结构构造特征可以将成矿分为3个阶段:石英多金属硫化物阶段、萤石-水白云母阶段、方解石-硫化物阶段.岩矿相、扫描电镜和能谱分析表明,矿区主要金属矿物有黄铁矿、白铁矿、磁黄铁矿、闪锌矿、方铅矿、毒砂、黄铜矿、硫锑铅矿等;脉石矿物以石英、方解石和萤石为主.在野外调研基础上,对主要脉石矿物石英、萤石中流体包裹体进行了包裹体岩相学、显微测温分析和包裹体中气液相成分的LRM分析.结果表明,第1阶段石英中包裹体以富CH4包裹体和纯CH4包裹体为主,第2阶段萤石中以富水包裹体为主,流体包裹体均一温度分别为187～343℃(石英)和152～306℃(萤石),据冰点估算的盐度分别为1.4%～9.34% NaCleq(质量分数,下同)和2.9%～9.2% NaCleq.包裹体气液相成分的LRM分析表明,石英中纯CH4包裹体显示较强的CH4峰(2 913～2 917 cm-1),部分样品中检出含一定量的CO2,富CH4包裹体气泡相中也显示了CH4峰的存在.萤石中富H2O包裹体气液相中均只检出H2O.结合矿床地质、区域矿床分布特征和包裹体显微测温结果,认为该矿床为一与燕山期岩浆活动有关的中低温热液矿床,成矿物质以深源为主.     

阿尔泰山南缘赛都金矿床的构造-成矿流体及其演化

赛都金矿床位于新疆额尔齐斯构造带北西段,矿体受韧性剪切构造带的控制,赋存于玛尔卡库里巨型剪切带内的蚀变糜棱岩带内.构造-成矿流体早期以中高温、富CO2-N2等挥发分为特征,包裹体均一温度252.0～408.0℃;中期以CO2-H2O流体为主,包裹体均一温度203.0～325.8℃,反映了中温热液特征;中晚期演化为中低温、中低盐度的盐水溶液体系,包裹体均一温度120.0～221.0℃.矿石中黄铁矿的δ34S变化范围在3.53‰～5.88‰之间;铅同位素组成的206Pb/204Pb变化于18.099 7～18.358 5,207Pb/204Pb变化于15.487 7～15.579 0,208Pb/204Pb变化于38.111 6～38.355 1.硫铅同位素研究表明成矿物质是从深部富集的,在造山作用过程中从深部岩石通过热液萃取获得.主要的金矿化与后碰撞造山的伸展构造环境有关,构造-成矿流体的演化特征与剪切带演化过程相吻合.     

甘肃大水金矿床成矿流体特征与来源

产于西秦岭南缘的大水金矿是一个新型金矿床。作者在前人研究的基础上,通过对大水金矿床流体包裹体的较系统研究认为,大水金矿床的方解石中的包裹体以气液包裹体为主。流体包裹体气相成分的CH4、CO、H2的含量反映属氧化环境;液相成分中阴离子以SO42-为主,Cl-次之;阳离子以K＋为主,Na＋次之。Au在成矿流体中以AuSO42-络合物的形式迁移。矿床成矿温度为120℃～220℃,属中低温范畴。w（NaCleq）盐度为2.7%～9.1%,密度为0.875～0.970g/cm3。流体水的δD值为-101‰～-61‰,δ18O（SMOW）为-0.3‰～19.42‰,δ18OH2O为-4.32‰～8.33‰,显示早期成矿流体来源于岩浆水,晚期成矿流体为岩浆水与大气降水的混合;δ13C值趋向热液成因。综合分析认为该矿床为一层控—浅成-超浅成岩浆期后中低温热液交代型金矿床,为多次构造—岩浆作用的产物。     

冷水坑斑岩型银铅锌矿床成矿流体特征研究

斑岩型银铅锌矿床世界上并不多见, 目前我国典型斑岩型银铅锌矿床仅冷水坑一处。笔者通过对冷水坑斑岩型银铅锌矿床的流体包裹体地球化学、稳定同位素地球化学研究, 结合岩相学研究、激光拉曼探针(LRM)和扫描电镜/能谱(SEM/EDS)测试, 揭示了冷水坑斑岩型银铅锌矿床成矿流体特征及演化过程, 并进一步探讨了成矿物质来源和矿床成矿机制。研究表明, 冷水坑矿床成矿流体及主要成矿元素(硫)来自于斑岩系统, 大气水在整个成矿过程中均有不同程度的参与。     

辽河西部凹陷南段油气运移史研究与有利聚集区预测

通过流体包裹体均一温度测试、含油气包裹体指数GOI统计和盆地模拟,研究了渤海湾盆地辽河西部凹陷南段的油气运移史,预测了油气聚集的有利地区.包裹体均一温度资料表明,本区有三期成藏:东二期、东一期和明化镇期;以前两期为主.盆地模拟研究表明,尽管沙河街组烃源岩在沙一期末开始生烃,但在东营期才开始大规模排烃和成藏.GOI的统计分析表明,GOI>5%的区域为油气聚集的有利地区,其中的圈闭应成为下步首选的钻探目标,已发现的欢喜岭油田和双南油田就分布在GOI>5%的区域内.     

存在流体介质夹层时瑞利波频散曲线的完整求解

应用介质分界面上位移应力连续性的变化关系,采用δ矩阵法和固体层状介质中的瑞利波频散方程,推导了含流体介质夹层情况下瑞利波的频散方程。利用推导的频散方程对理论模型进行模拟计算,并与以往文献计算方法进行比较,模拟结果吻合较好,验证了公式的正确性;同时,模拟计算结果也说明了本文公式的普遍适用性和计算结果的完整性。根据文中对4个理论模型的模拟结果来看,与固体层状介质的情况相比,当存在流体夹层时,瑞利波频散曲线模式中多出了一个文中定义的0阶模式,在今后的多道瞬态瑞利波法应用中,应该可以将其看成是流体介质夹层存在的标志性曲线。     

Pan-African high-grade metamorphism of southern Sinai,Egypt, fluid inclusion evidence

Fluid inclusions in the leucosomes of Wadi Feiran migmatites showed that CO ₂ , H₂O and (H₂O-CO₂) fluids were likely to have been present when partial melting began in these rocks. Low salinity, aqueous fluid, to a lesser extent, CO₂-rich fluids are the most abundant fluids. The present study suggests that high-density CO₂ inclusions were formed at the earliest stage, while H₂O inclusions were formed at the late stage. In an intermediate stage, low-density CO₂ and H₂O, CO₂ inclusions were formed. At the early stage of uplift and during melt crystallization, the CO₂-bearing vapour was trapped at grain boundaries. At the late stage of uplift, H₂O released at the time of crystallization of the melt was trapped as inclusions.     

Determining Pressure with Daughter Minerals in Fluid Inclusion by Raman Spectroscopy: Sphalerite as an Example

Abstract: Raman frequency of some materials, including minerals, molecules and ions, shifts systematically with changing pressure and temperature. This property is often used as a pressure gauge in high pressure experiments with the hydrothermal diamond anvil cell (HDAC). Since the system of fluid inclusion is similar to that of HDAC, it can also be used to determine the internal pressure of fluid inclusions. Sphalerite is a common daughter mineral. In this study, the frequency shift of the 350 cm?1 peak of sphalerite has been studied from 296 to 523 K and from 0.07 to 2.00 GPa using the HDAC. The global slope of the isotherms (?n350/?p)T is 0.0048 in the studied pressure range. No significant variation of the slopes with temperature has been observed. The correlation between the frequency shift of the 350 cm?1 peak of sphalerite and pressure and temperature is constrained as P=208.33(?np)350+3.13T?943.75. This relationship may be used to estimate the internal pressure of the sphalerite-bearing fluid inclusions.