基于浮动车轨迹数据的路口车道结构求解

文章针对道路交叉口处车道转向信息变化快、采集困难的问题,提出了利用浮动车轨迹数据自动提取道路交叉口处车道结构及转向的方法.首先根据选取规则对研究区域轨迹点进行约束选取,并依据预处理策略对研究区轨迹点序列进行去噪与优化;其次运用混合高斯密度模型对交叉口处道路的细部车道结构进行建模,利用贪心EM算法解算高斯混合密度模型参数,求得车道数目和车道结构特征;然后给出通过轨迹相关性计算车道转向的计算思路;最后选取一组真实路口数据进行实验,结果验证了该方法的有效性:该方法为车道信息更新提供了参考,亦可应用于精细化导航以提高出行者的服务体验.     

Quasi-Geoid Near Xisha Islands by the Geo-Potential Propagating Technique

Height datum is an important part of national geodetic network. Establishment of a unified national land and sea elevation benchmarks and implementation of height datum connection between the Chinese mainland and offshore islands are issues that need to be resolved in geomatics and marine sciences. Derived from basic definition of elevation datum and relationship between geo-potential and normal height, the scientific theory and algorithm for transferring height datum from mainland to islands with geo-potential are elaborated. The accuracy of geo-potential difference is discussed using a numerical analysis method. We also give criteria to choose virtual leveling routines and algorithm to give optimized results. One experiment in the China seas, among 26 tidal gauge stations in the sea coast of the mainland with known normal height, has confirmed the reliability and accuracy of the method developed in this paper. Further optimizations for improving accuracy of island elevation are also introduced. Distribution of quasi-geoid near Xisha Islands is also given with this method.     

Book Reviews

The UK Hydrographic Office (UKHO)-sponsored Vertical Offshore Reference Frames (VORF) project aims to develop tidal level transformation models that are referenced to the GRS80 ellipsoid and thus compatible with GNSS positioning; in particular, heighting. Benefits include increasing the efficiency of hydrographic surveying, providing a stable consistent reference frame and enabling integration with land data in the coastal zone. Seven contemporary global ocean tide models are used to derive Lowest Astronomical Tide (LAT) surfaces which are each assessed by comparison with LAT values from the 7,389-strong UKHO tide gauge database, with the results correlated with distance from land. The proportion of truly offshore and pelagic gauges is relatively limited; however, the transition zone whereby the global ocean tide models commence to deteriorate in accuracy is evident at approximately 30km from the coast. The DTU10 model was selected as the strongest candidate overall. Subsequently, a thin plate spline method is used with the tide gauge dataset to enhance the DTU10 LAT surface in the coastal zone, creating a high resolution global LAT surface with respect to mean sea level. It is seen by cross-validation that the method may be used to predict LAT in near-shore locations with a standard error of 0.23 m.     

Transportation of floating structures by using newly built heavy lifting semi vessel HYSY278

Transportation of floating structures for long distance has always been associated with the use of heavy semi transport vessel. The requirements of this type of vessel are always special, and its availability is limited. To prepare for the future development of the South China Sea deepwater projects, COOEC has recently built a heavy lift transport vessel — Hai Yang Shi You 278 (HYSY278). This semi-submersible vessel has displacement capacity of 50k DWT, and a breath of 42 m. Understanding the vessel’s applicability and preparing its use for future deepwater projects are becoming imminent need. This paper reviews the critical issues associated with the floating structure transportation and performs detailed analysis of two designed floating structures during transportation. The newly built COOEC transportation vessel HYSY278 will be used to dry transport the floating structures from COOEC fabrication yard in Qingdao to the oil field in the South China Sea. The entire process will start with load-out/float-off the floating structures from the construction sites, offload the platform from the vessel if needed, dry transport floating structures through a long distance, and finally offload the platform. Both hydrodynamic and structural analyses are performed to evaluate transport vessel and floating structures. Critical issues associated with the transportation and offloading of platform from the vessel will be studied in detail. Detailed study is performed to evaluate the response of the system during this phase and additional work needed to make the vessel feasible for use of this purpose. The results demonstrate that with proper modifications, HYSY278 can effectively be used for transporting structures with proper arrangement and well-prepared operation. The procedure and details are presented on the basis of study results. Special attentions associated with future use will also be discussed based on the results from analysis.     

调和常数及深度基准面的变化与历元订正

分析和验证了黄海沿岸部分长期验潮站M2分潮振幅的线性变化趋势及深度基准面L值增大趋势,发现了长周期分潮调和常数不稳定性对深度基准面确定的影响。研究表明,在剥离了深度基准面变化趋势后,由年观测数据分析结果确定的深度基准面可达到厘米级的精度水平,而由月分析结果确定的深度基准面存在周期性变化,其深度基准面不宜直接计算确定。论证了对潮汐调和常数附加历元信息的必要性和基本方案。通过研究得出对统一深度基准建立的指导性结论。     

苏丹尼罗河水上钻孔灌注桩快速定位及施工技术

在苏丹尼罗河上进行钻孔灌注桩施工时,采用无动力长方体浮箱做为施工平台,达到了低造价、短工期的目的。介绍了浮箱施工措施和快速定位方法,以及灌注桩设计与施工技术。     

秩亏自由网平差及其通解

通过坐标转换将初始坐标系下的特解转换得到任意坐标系下的通解,研究了秩亏自由网基准转换的实质。结果表明,秩亏自由网平差最优解实质是基于近似值所确定的基准下的最优解,在实际应用中确定合适的基准是关键。以西安地区GPS沉降监测网为例,不同基准下秩亏解均为该基准下最优解,但只有顾及板块运动的基准才具有物理意义。     

甘肃省陇东地区黄土塬地区煤田地震勘探技术方法探索

甘肃陇东地区是典型的巨厚黄土覆盖区,黄土层厚度高达200多米,多次波发育,地震反射波能量极弱,信噪比低,处理中静校正问题较为突出。为保证目的层反射波的能量和高频信号,采用了多井大药量组合激发方式及5个60Hz检波器串接组合接收方式,排列采用大偏移距,以克服近道面波及声波的干扰。资料静校正选用浮动基准面静校正及初至折射静校正,选用了多道统计的地表一致性反褶积,以保证空间上各地震反射道之间的均一性。通过上述技术措施,取得了比较理想的地质效果,基本解决了巨厚黄土覆盖区有效波能量不足及资料处理中的难题。     

半潜型风机浮式基础设计及幅频运动特性研究

针对5MW海上风机,进行了半潜型浮式基础的概念设计,研究了其幅频运动特性。考虑风机浮式基础的稳性和运动要求,对浮式基础的构件进行设计,并进行舱室划分;考虑叶片产生的气动载荷影响以及风载荷作用,计算分析风机浮式基础的完整稳性及破舱稳性;考虑浮式基础构件及压水板的粘性阻尼,计算浮式基础的幅频运动响应特性。计算结果表明,设计的浮式基础运动性能满足风机发电作业的要求。     

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