动态大地测量的平差基准

从平差基准的基本概念出发 ,说明动态大地测量的平差基准的意义和基准的数量 ,讨论动态高程系统的转换关系 ,建立等价于原观测值的坐标差与速率差的观测方程及基准方程 ,并通过分析说明 ,四维大地测量平差必须恰当地选取平差基准 ,才能得到具有参考价值的结果。     

High Resolution, Deep-Tow Seismic Survey to Investigate the Methane Hydrate Stability Zone in the Nankai Trough

Abstract. A high frequency deep-tow seismic survey was carried out in the Nankai Trough area in 1996. The objective of the survey was to obtain high resolution seismic sections and velocity profiles of the methane hydrate zone, inferred from the strong BSR events seen on conventional seismic data in the area. A special feature of the survey is that both the source and the streamer cable are towed close to the seabed. This special acquisition geometry requires special data processing to handle the varying source and receiver depths. A CMP floating datum processing sequence was designed which led to high quality sections of the shallow geology. A key step in the processing was devising a residual statics technique to compensate for errors in the measured depths.
The processing sequence was applied to a number of lines, totaling 200 km. The final data quality was highly variable. Some lines produced high quality sections and others, much poorer sections with few interpretable events. Conventional seismic data in the area also shows variation in the data quality so part of the reason is a variation in the sub-sea geology, but the deep-tow data is much more sensitive to change in conditions than conventional data. With the current acquired data and processing sequence the deep-tow system offers most advantages when 1) the water depth is around 1 km or greater, 2) the seabed and underlying geology is not too complex, and 3) the acquisition proceeds smoothly with regular shotpoints, slowly varying depths, and with accurate positioning.     

中国地震基本台网测定面波震级的偏差

作者认为面波震级的基准应该是全球台网各台站测定面波震级值的平均值。美国国家地震信息中心（ＮＥＩＣ）测报的面波震级ＭＳＺ可作为这个基准。在此基准的基础上,作者较全面地比较了中国地震基本台网测定的面波震级ＭＳＰ和ＭＳ７与ＭＳＺ的偏差。由于ＭＳ７的观测仪器和测定方法都与ＮＥＩＣ的一致,故ＭＳ７与ＭＳＺ比较一致,对全球地震两者无系统误差。对中国及邻区地震,ＭＳ７比ＭＳＺ系统高０．０８～０．１级。中国的面波震级测定倾向于采用ＭＳ７标度。     

起算数据误差影响下的方差分量估计

探讨了起算数据误差影响下的方差分量估计方法,给出了顾及起算数据误差影响时求解方差分量估值的方程组及单位权中误差估值的计算公式,并通过实例说明了当起算数据误差较大时,它们对方差分量估计的影响是不应忽略的。     

高精度GPS网数据处理中的系统误差分析

分析了高精度GPS网系统误差产生的原因和分类，推导了消除和估计GPS网系统误差的整体平差函数模型。     

A new approach for distinguishing different deformation trend blocks with displacement observations

Introduction The accumulation of high precision GPS data has great significance for understanding and explaining crustal movement and establishing the geodynamical model correctly. However, it is an important basic task to study block movement with the displacement data which covers the datum influence information, as well as the deformation information of the block and abnormal deforma-tion information in the block such as fault or zone of fracture and so on. Firstly steady or com-parativel…     

以全球参照系为基准的珠峰地区重力场

珠穆朗玛峰位于欧亚板块和印度板块边缘的碰撞地带 ,地壳运动活跃 ,地形复杂。三十余年来 ,我国曾单独或与国外合作在珠穆朗玛峰及其北部毗邻地区进行了五次 (196 6、1975、1992、1998和 1999年 )大规模的大地测量工作 ,其中包括天文、重力、平面、高程和气象等测量工作。根据这些大地测量成果以全球参照系为基准 ,对该地区的重力场进行了研究。提出了适用于该地区的推估重力异常、垂线偏差和高程异常的最佳技术方案和相应成果     

高程基准历元及其统一状态归化

平均海面存在趋势性变化，对于四维大地测量定位而言，必须赋予高程基准以时间特征，本文认为最好是确定高程基准历元。文章提出了高程基准历元的定义，给出了计算公式，求得中国１９８５国家高程基准历元为１９６６．０。文章还讨论了平均海面趋势性变化的数学问题，及提出了高程基准归化至统一状态的概念，研究了由于海水密度不同引起的平均海面高度变化，计算得中国１９８５国家高程基准对于通常海水状态的修正值为－０．０１２ｍ     

三峡水库的建立对库区地球重力场及地壳形变的影响

作为人造工程的三峡水库的建立，使得库区水体聚集，地球质量重新分布，将使地壳的物理结构以及局部地球重力场发生变化．针对上述问题，对库区的水准面、点绝对重力值、垂线方向和高程、高程基准面等的重力场变化以及地壳形变进行了研究．主要结果是：当蓄水水位达到峰值１７５ｍ（坝高）时，大地水准面有２．２３－１１．２ｍｍ的变化，点重力值有（０．８３－４．６）×１０^－５ｍｓ^－２的变化，垂线偏差的变化分别为－０．６２＂－６．５０＂（南北方向）和－６．４２＂－１．３４＂（东西方向）地壳的形变量为１．３２－６．６５ｍｍ，这些变化将引起测区的高程产生３．５５－１７．８４ｍｍ的变化．因此，原有库区及其附近的测量资料（包括水准、天文、重力等）必须审慎使用，并应建立库区形变监测网，对地壳形变、地震、滑坡、大坝变形等进行监测．     

THE ISOSTATIC DATUM FOR STUDYING OF THE SEA LEVEL CHANGES ALONG THE COAST OF CHINA

Relative sea level change can be derived from tide records. In order to study the general sea level change along the coast of China, it is necessary to make a unified reduction for all the results obtained from various tide stations. A so-called isostatic datum of vertical movement of thecoastal land hasbeen suggested as a basis of the unified reduction in this paper, established by useof precise releveling data completed between 50's and 80's.The vertical movement velocities relative