聚类统计检验在人工增雨效果检验中的应用

将聚类统计检验分析引入原有的基于聚类的浮动区对比历史回归人工增雨效果检验方法中,减小站点分区的盲目性,聚为同一类的站点相似度更大,使聚类分析具有统计学意义。并把这种方法和未引入聚类检验的方法进行比较,通过对河南4月10次作业的效果评估表明,引入聚类检验提高了效果评估的功效。     

吐鲁番盆地近30年沙尘天气分布特征

通过对吐鲁番盆地1971—2000年30年沙尘天气发生日数的分析，得出了沙尘天气年平均、四季分布空间分布特征及年代际变化特征，分析了沙尘天气形成的原因。     

A Spectral-Mixing Model for Estimating Sub-Pixel Coverage of Sea-Surface Floating Macroalgae

ABSTRACT

In the past decade, floating macroalgae blooms have been increasing on a global scale. Sub-pixel coverage of floating macroalgae in a remote-sensing image is a crucial parameter for the estimation of biomass. In this study, in situ spectra of green macroalgae (Ulva prolifera), brown macroalgae (Sargassum horneri), and sea water were collected, and they were used to simulate the spectra of macroalgae–seawater mixtures in a linear mixing way. Three algae indices, normalized difference of vegetation index (NDVI), difference of vegetation index (DVI), and virtual-baseline reflectance height for floating algae (VB-FAH) derived from the spectra, were examined with the coverage of macroalgae. The results show that all three indices increase monotonically with increasing sub-pixel coverage of macroalgae: VB-FAH and DVI increase linearly, while NDVI shows a logarithmic increase. Based on this characteristic, two sub-pixel coverage models were proposed (i.e., a linear model based on VB-FAH (or DVI) and an exponential model based on NDVI). These models were then applied to the multiple-spectral GaoFen-1 (GF-1, 16?m resolution) satellite image to examine the sub-pixel coverage of green tide in the Yellow Sea caused by the bloom of floating green macroalgae (U. prolifera). The results show that the relative differences between the two models are no more than 5%, indicating good consistency between the two models. Taking into account the sensitivity of these models (or indices) to the coverage of macroalgae, as well as atmospheric and sea surface conditions and their simplicity, we suggest using the linear model based on VB-FAH, DVI, or a similar band-difference index to estimate sub-pixel coverage of floating macroalgae.     

起算数据误差影响下的方差分量估计

探讨了起算数据误差影响下的方差分量估计方法,给出了顾及起算数据误差影响时求解方差分量估值的方程组及单位权中误差估值的计算公式,并通过实例说明了当起算数据误差较大时,它们对方差分量估计的影响是不应忽略的。     

区域性高程基准的统一

全球或区域性高程基准面的统一始终是大地测量学研究的主要内容之一 ,对于构建“数字区域”和“数字地球”及研究全球或区域性环境变化具有重要的科学意义和现实意义。本文利用全球重力场模型EGM 96和WDM94及GPS水准数据 ,确定了香港主要高程基准面与我国 195 6黄海高程基准面的重力位差。计算结果表明 ,这两个基准面的重力位差为 (8 36 6± 0 76 5 )m2 s-2 ,表明香港主要高程基准面平均低于我国 195 6黄海高程基准面 (0 85 5± 0 0 78)m2 s-2 。本文的计算结果有助于本地区高程基准面的统一     

对中国高程控制网现代化工作的思考

随着空间和信息技术的快速发展,我国测绘基准中的国家高程控制网现代化也迫在眉睫。它应包括两个部分,一是国家高精度水准网,即mm级一等水准网的更新;二是具有cm级精度的(似)大地水准面的确定。建议切实执行《中华人民共和国测绘法》中“基础测绘成果应当定期更新,国民经济、国防建设和社会发展急需的基础测绘成果应当及时更新”的规定,尽快组织施测国家三期一等水准网,以保证国家高程控制网mm级高精度的可靠性和现势性。另一方面,应结合GPS水准和重力测量精化我国大陆的(似)大地水准面至cm量级,以利用GPS+(似)大地水准面的技术求解相当于二、三等水准测量精度的正常高,这不仅可以改变传统高程测量的作业模式,节约人财物和时间,而且获得的点位高程的精度比较一致。在海岛、山区等困难或无法传递水准测量高程的地区,采用这一技术可以快捷地测得高程,其成果与国家高程基准、高程系统是统一的和协调的。     

哈尔滨市交通导航系统的研究与应用

在哈尔滨市8个行政区范围内建立5个永久性连续运行GNSS基准站,各基准站观测数据通过专用数据通信网传送至数据管理中心,经过处理后实时通过专用网或因特网向导航用户发布国际通用格式的差分数据,以满足导航用户对高精度实时定位、测速、位移测量的要求,实现物流配送、公共安全、交通导航等现代化管理。     

基于GIS的大地测量数据管理系统设计与实现

介绍了大庆地区大地测量数据管理系统建设技术方案、功能、软硬件配置等情况。该系统的开发建设解决了长期困扰相关技术人员的两个问题:一是可借助数据管理系统统一规范地存储和管理大庆地区三角测量数据、水准测量数据、GPS测量成果等;二是开发了大庆地区大地测量基准转换功能(包括几种主要平面坐标系之间的坐标转换、主要高程基准间的转换以及1∶5000和1∶10000比例尺地形图的基准转换)。     

基于随机模型基准的Helmert方差分量估计

在多类观测数据联合平差中,存在某类观测值的验前协方差阵正确而其他类不正确的情况,传统Helmert方差分量估计在求解此类问题时没有对正确的验前协方差阵加以区别,从而造成正确的随机模型经估计后同样也被调整.针对上述情况,首先分析了Helmert方差分量估计迭代收敛结果的实质,然后提出了随机模型基准的概念,并推导了基于随机模型基准的Helmert方差分量估计公式.经计算表明,新公式完全可行,可以用于解决实际问题.     

基于城市引力模型与随机扩散方程的城镇基准地价平衡(英文)

A balance of urban datum land prices is achieved to harmonize regional land prices and make the prices truly reflect different economic development levels and land prices among cities. The current piecewise linear interpolation balance method widely used has two drawbacks that always lead to an unsatisfactory balance among some cities. When the excess of land price in the central city to the surrounding zone reaches a certain degree, land price in the circumjacent city is not only consistent with the local land grade and land use level, but also influenced by the diffusion of land price in the central city. Thus, a new balanced scheme of datum land prices based on the city gravitation model and stochastic diffusion equation is brought forward. Finally, the new method is examined in the practice of datum land price balance in Hubei Province, China.