1906年玛纳斯7.7级地震孕震过程的数值模拟研究

根据玛纳斯 7 7级强震区的构造格架 ,利用三维有限元方法对 190 6年玛纳斯 7 7级地震的强震区进行了应力模拟研究。结果表明 ,玛纳斯地震的震源区不仅位于应力集中的部位 ,而且该部位集中的应力还会随着时间的增长而增大。数值模拟较好地再现了 190 6年玛纳斯 7 7级地震震源区的应力积累过程     

洪泽湖历史洪水分析(1736─1992年)

根据1736－1911年文献记载的洪泽湖年最高水位及1914－1992年湖区水文测站的水位、流量资料，进行了长、短序列的入湖洪峰流量及不同时段洪量的频率分析，进而推求出不同重视期的设计入湖洪量和洪水年份相当的重现期，并分析洪水的灾害特征，结果表明：1）洪泽湖历史上洪水发生频繁，1786、1851、1906年均发生过特大洪水，高堰志桩分别至163、23．4、16．1尺。2）1953年建库后，湖水位上升。年最高水位历年平均值较建库前升高了1．22m；多年平均水位升高了1．72m。3）1916－1992年淮河蚌埠站年入湖洪峰流量、最大3日洪量、最大30日洪量和年平均流量频率分析显示。1954年分别相当于20、20、45．5和30．3年一遇洪水。1991年分别相当于7．1、7．1、10和14．7年一遇洪水。1991年洪水总体上小于1954年，但灾情超过1954年．表明湖区受灾程度有加剧趋势。     

1996年全球重大气候事件概述

１９９６年，全球平均气温低于１９９５年，但从总体上来讲，气候仍比常年偏暖，是８０年代以来连续出现的第１１个暖年。１９９５／１９９６年冬季，中高纬度地区经向环流旺盛，欧洲、北美东部出现异常冷冬，许多地区遇到数十年未见的风雪严寒；前几年的大范围持久干旱已大大减弱或完全解除，高温热浪的强度与范围也明显少于上年。而洪涝却十分频繁，各洲洪水不断，亚洲尤为严重。北大西洋飓风继去年达５０年来最多之后，今年仍十分活跃。这些气候特点，可能与１９９５／１９９６年赤道太平洋大气状况由长达５年之久的暖位相特征转变为冷位相有关。     

华北夏季旱涝的前期环流异常及其与北太平洋海温的关系

文章分析了华北地区夏季旱涝的前期春季大气环流和北太平洋海温异常（ＳＳＴＡ）分布特征，探讨ＳＳＴＡ与异常环流的关系，并用ＯＳＵ－ＡＧＣＭ进行黑潮地区热源异常强迫的数值试验．结果表明，当春季北极低涡明显减弱，欧亚大陆中高纬度地区纬向环流加强，西太平洋副高位置偏北偏西，且存在负ＰＮＡ型异常环流时，华北地区夏季多雨涝；反之则少雨干旱．此时，西北太平洋和赤道东太平洋ＳＳＴ分别存在较大的正、负异常，它们与春季环流异常密切相关，黑潮区ＳＳＴＡ对北半球副热带及其以北的大气环流产生显著影响，正的ＳＳＴＡ是造成华北夏涝年的前期春季异常环流形势的重要因素．     

洪泛平原农村居民地空间分布特征定量研究及应用探讨

通过对影响居民地空间分布因素的分析,探讨了洪泛平原农村居民地空间分布特征;利用地理信息系统技术对不同高程带内居民地分布规模、等级和空间分布密度作了定量研究,得到了居民地空间分布密度和人口空间分布密度参数;并结合洪灾淹没区居民地损失的估算,对研究结果的应用作了探讨。     

推求无资料地区设计洪水的一种方法

在地貌单位线、菲利浦下渗公式和暴雨特征频率分布的基础上,引用产流开始时刻和净雨量的概念,推求不同净雨情况下不产流暴雨事件的概率,从而求得洪峰流量小于和等于给定Q_p值的理论频率分布及其相应的重现期。在贵州和山西应用结果表明,该方法更适用于半干旱地区。由模型验证实例分析了这种理论洪水频率分布模型的应用前景。     

铋的原子吸收光谱分析进展

文章对１９８５年以来用原子吸收光谱法测定Ｂｉ的情况进行了综述，着重介绍了用氢化物发生法、石墨炉法和火焰法测Ｂｉ时，为了提高灵敏度所采用的各种氢化物发生装置及根据不同试样所使用的各种分离富集手段。主要参考文献１０１篇。     

Hydrous pyrolysis of a Type III source: fractionation effects during primary migration in natural and artificially matured samples

A core from the Cambay Shale Formation of the Cambay Basin, containing immature Type III organic matter, was pyrolysed at 300°C for different durations of time to different maturation levels. Fractionation effects were studied employing a three-step extraction technique after removal of the expelled pyrolysate. The extractable organic matter (EOM) obtained on extraction of the whole core is assumed to be that present in open pores, while that obtained on finely crushing the sample is assumed to be that present in closed pores. The EOM obtained from 1 cm chips is termed EOM from semi-open pores. The gross composition of the pyrolysates expelled during pyrolysis is not similar to the oils reservoired in the area, and there is no significant fractionation observed between expelled pyrolysates and unexpelled EOM. Our study indicates movement of fluids between closed, semi-open and open pores. In both systems, there is a higher concentration of EOM in open pores than in semi-open and closed pores, and the fraction of EOM in open pores is much greater in the artificial system than in the natural system. Fractionation effects on n-alkane and isoprenoid hydrocarbon-based parameters were also studied. n-Alkenes are present in semi-open and closed pores of the immature core and in the core after it was pyrolysed to 300°C for 6 and 48 h, but are absent in the open pores. n-Alkenes are present in closed pores in the naturally matured core. Presence of n-alkenes in the pyrolysates expelled during the 6 and 48 h experiments, but their absence in the open pores of the core, indicates that expulsion also occurs through temporary microfractures during laboratory pyrolysis, whereas in the natural system expulsion from closed pores seems to be only via semi-open and open pores.     

The hydrocarbon generation mechanism and the three-stage type model of hydrocarbon generation for carbonate source rocks

The diagenetic mechanism and process of carbonate rocks, which is different to that of clastic rocks, decides the existence of different existing state organic matters in carbonate rocks. This has been verified by both the microscopic observation of organic petrology and the analysis of organic geochemistry of many samples. Based on the hydrous pyrolysis simulation experiment of the low-mature carbonate rocks, the contrasting study on the yield and their geochemistry characteristics of different existing state soluble organic matters of a series of various maturity samples shows that the different existing state organic matters make different contributions to hydrocarbon generation during every evolution state. So that, the hydrocarbon generation process of carbonate rocks can be summarized as the following three stages: the first is the direct degradation of biogenic bitumen macromolecules during the immature stage, the second is the thermal degradation of a large amount of kerogen at the mature stage, the last stage is the expulsion or release of inclusion organic matter owing to the increased thermal expansion pressure during the high evolution stage. Part of achievements of the Eighth Five-Year National Science-Technology Key-Task Project “85-102-02-07”.