Distribution of ionospheric O<Superscript>+</Superscript> ion in synchronous altitude region

Based on satellite observation data, using dynamics equation, the ionospheric O⁺ ion’s distribution in the synchronous altitude region for different geomagnetic activity indexK _p is studied by theoretical modeling and numerical analyzing, and semi-empirical models for the O⁺ ion’s density and flux versus longitude in the synchronous altitude region for differentK _p are given. The main results show that in the synchronous altitude region: (i) The O⁺ ion’s density and flux in day-side are larger than those in nightside. (ii) With longitude changing, the higher the geomagnetic activity indexK _p is, the higher the O⁺ ion’s density and flux, and their variation amplitude will be. The O⁺ ion’s density and flux whenK _{p ≥} 6 will be about ten times as great as that whenK _p = 0. (iii) WhenK _p = 0 orK _{p ≥} 6, the O⁺ ion’s density reaches maximum at longitudes 120° and 240° respectively, and minimum in the magnetotail. WhenK _p = 3−5, the O⁺ ion’s density gets to maximum at longitude 0°, and minimum in the magnetotail. However, the O⁺ ion’s flux reaches maximum at longitude 120° and 240° respectively, and minimum in the magnetotail for anyK _p value.     

Surface complexation at hydrous fluorapatite

The adsorption of H⁺, OH^– and ARS (Alizarin Red S) onto hydrous fluorapatite surfaces and Ca²⁺—ARS complexation in solution were studied by means of combined potentiometric and spectrophotometric titrations, as well as zeta potential and FT-IR measurements. Corresponding equilibrium constants of surface and solution reactions are determined. The application in flotation processes is discussed.     

Analytical laboratory comparison of major and minor constituents in an active crater lake

The crater lake water from Maly Semiachik volcano in Kamchatka was used for the international analytical laboratory comparison of major and minor elements, and hydrogen, sulfur, and oxygen isotope data. Eight institutions participated in this program, giving analytical results of 9 major and 20 minor elements mainly by using ICP-AES for cations and IC for anions. Among the major elements, Na, Mg and Si showed coefficients of variation (CV) of 10% or more, whereas B, Al, Fe, Mn had coefficients less than 7%. The CV% of the minor elements Co, Cu, P, Cr, Pb was much greater (>30%) while the V analyses agreed well (<10%). Ti, Sr, Zn, and F were intermediate (between 10 and 20 CV%). The errors observed for these constituents are inherent to the methods applied: large dilutions and spectrometric interferences. Even the major anions such as Cl (>2000 ppm) and SO₄ (>5000 ppm) gave considerable ranges (5.1 and 8.8 CV%, respectively) as did the obtained pH values (22 CV%). The measured δ¹⁸O of the water samples and δ³⁴S of sulfate are in excellent agreement but the δD values had CV% of 8. Technical recommendations are presented to improve the analytical results for these elements with significant deviations from the mean values.     

环电流区中性原子观测特性模拟研究

为了给双星计划中性原子(ENA)探测仪的研制提供可靠 的理论依据，并为未来中性原子探测数据的分析及研究做好准备，针对双星轨道初步模拟计 算了双星ENA探测仪对磁暴时中性原子的观测特性. 建立了磁暴主相期间环电流离子分布的 一 个近似理论模式，并模拟计算了极轨卫星在极区上空、赤道面以及其他位置上对不同强度磁 暴主相期间环电流区ENA空间角分布及能谱的观测结果. 研究表明，存在环电流区方向和南 北极区环电流粒子沉降带两个中性原子强度极大区域；磁暴越强烈，注入区高度越低，环电 流区观测到的ENA通量越高；处于有利位置的ENA探测器可分辨注入区内边界或注入前沿；EN A探测器能够分辨环电流带离子分布的不均匀性；由于离子交换截面的差异，H，O，He 3种E NA的能谱分布不同；在10～80keV能谱范围内通量较强，易于观测；环电流区H，O两种ENA 通 量较强，有利于观测；而环电流区He ENA通量很弱，不易于观测. 模拟计算研究表明，双星 极轨卫星能够对环电流区ENA进行有效探测；低纬轨道上的ENA探测器也能够对环电流区ENA 进行一些观测；ENA探测器的研制应重视低、中能量范围ENA的探测.     

地球弓激波前的低频磁流体波

一、引言 在地球弓激波前存在着低频磁流体波。这种低频磁流体波是太阳风在地球弓激波上的反射粒子和太阳风粒子之间相互作用产生的。根据人造卫星的观测资料可以得到,在地球弓激波前,Pc3-4脉动频率范围内的低频磁流体波的主频率和行星际磁场强度     

离子色谱法测定夏县温泉水中阴离子含量

利用离子色谱法对水中常见的7种阴离子进行定性和定量的分析,在既定的条件下,分别建立校正曲线法(外标法)及单点校正法模板,并对温泉水样校正分析。结果显示,外标法测得离子数据较为平稳,相对偏差均小于5%,适用于观测温泉水中其含量的变化。     

大气季节内振荡对印度洋—西太平洋地区热带低压/气旋生成的影响

文中利用EOF分析大气季节内振荡 (MJO)的时空变化的方法 ,研究了 1996年 9月～ 1997年 6月间的MJO活动对生成在印度洋—西太平洋海域的热带低压 /气旋的影响。结果发现 ,除西北太平洋之外 ,发生在其他区域的热带低压 /气旋有半数以上生成在向东移动的MJO的湿位相中。伴随MJO的向东传播 ,热带低压 /气旋平均生成位置也随之向东移动 ,而生成在西北太平洋的热带低压 /气旋分别受到向东和向西传播的MJO影响     

Characteristics of paleoproterozoic Subduction System in Western Margin of Yangtze Plate

INTRODUCTIONDebate centered on Proterozoic tectonic style and crustalevolution has existed for a long time.The customary viewbelieved that the Proterozoic undeveloped solid plate could notput into effect on the subduction because of the high heat flowin the earth,and the continental crustal growth was dominatedby mafic magm a vertical underplating (Wyborn,1988;Etheridge etal.,1987) .However,many observations recentlyobtained from Proterozoic mobile zones in the world suggeststhat Proter…     

柱撑蒙脱石制备与表征

本文采用多种方法制备keggin离子，并探索出制备稳定keggin离子的适宜酸碱度，用此柱化剂制备出层间距为2．4～2．5nm的柱撑蒙脱石。应用X射线走向衍射技术、红外光谱、差热分析对往撑蒙脱石进行表征，用BET、吡啶吸附考察了其表面物理化学性质。结果表明，用Keggin离子制备出的柱撑蒙脱石其层间距在自然状态下为2．4～2．5nm，350C灼烧，层间距稳℃定在1．8nm，且具有耐热性能好、较大的比表面积和较强的Lewis酸位中心等特点．     

氟离子对在河口区存在形态的理论研究

利用Davies离子强度校正方程,把在标准条件下获取的氟离子对的化学稳定数校正到35%的海水条件下,并应用逐步凑分法计算出F-离子对的几种存在形式:游离态F-占49.9%,MgF+占46.8%,其余为CaF+和NaF0.