基于Neuman井流理论确定玄武岩潜水含水层渗透系数的应用——以吉林靖宇煤矿为例

全面分析研究区玄武岩潜水含水层水文地质条件的基础上,对稳定流和非稳定理论确定潜水含水层渗透系数的优缺点进行了对比,认为非稳定井流公式确定玄武岩潜水含水层渗透系数是合理的。Aquifer Test软件基于Neuman井流理论配线法求参原理,运用计算机完成了自动求参,避免了人工配线的不足。该文根据吉林靖宇煤矿研究区玄武岩潜水含水层非稳定流抽水试验,分别用Aquifer Test软件和稳定井流公式进行了求参,并对比分析得出:玄武岩含水层弹性释水作用影响时间较长,利用Neuman潜水井流公式求参可靠,且更逼近现实;用Aquifer Test软件实现了自动求参,具有操作简单规范、可比性好的优点。     

高温硬岩空气潜孔锤钻头设计

干热岩试验性开发井钻井施工,在高温硬岩的地层条件下,如何实现高效钻进仍存在很多技术难点。空气潜孔锤钻进技术是解决硬岩地层钻进的有效方法之一,潜孔锤钻头是空气潜孔锤钻进的关键器具。根据青海共和干热岩GH-01井空气潜孔锤钻进技术应用情况,分析探讨了空气潜孔锤钻头断齿、掉齿、磨损严重、使用寿命短等问题,从钻头结构设计、钻头材料选取、钻头冷压固齿工艺等几个方面对空气潜孔锤钻头进行了优化。固齿优化过程中采用有限元分析方法,对钻头冷压固齿过盈量进行仿真分析计算,根据分析计算结果确定最优固齿过盈量。通过对潜孔锤钻头结构、材料、加工等优化,为适用于高温硬岩的空气潜孔锤钻头研制提供了借鉴。为提高空气潜孔锤钻进综合效率,为干热岩钻探开发提供了技术支持和技术储备。     

Application of the weighted residual method to diffraction by 2-D canyons of arbitrary shape: I. Incident SH waves

A solution for the two-dimensional scattering and diffraction of plane SH waves by canyons of arbitrary shape in an elastic half space is presented. The wave field for arbitrary geometry in this paper is computed numerically by the method of weighted residues (moment method). The wave displacement field computed by the present residual method for the case of a semi-circular canyon was shown to agree analytically and numerically with that computed by the exact closed form series solution. The same observations about ground amplifications, their dependence on frequencies and orientations of the incident waves, can be stated here for canyons of arbitrary shape as previously made for circular canyons.     

华南湘赣粤地区红层残积红土的工程地质研究

通过对红层残积红土的粒度成分、矿物成分、化学成分、物理化学特性、宏观结构、微观结构特征的全面系统分析，揭示红层残积红土不仅经历了物理风化作用，而且经受过红土化作用，具有红土的一般特点，是一种强度稍高，压缩性中等，含较多游离氧化物的超固结土。最后对红层残积红土的工程地质评价提出建议，认为其特性与母岩有关，砂砾岩、砂岩残积红土接近花岗岩残积红土；粉砂岩、泥岩残积红土接近红粘土，并对地基承载力和变形等问题提出具体的评价意见。     

地质统计学变差函数人机对话拟合

变差函数的研究在地质统计学中具有十分重要作用，本文运用界面图形图像处理强的Ｃ￣（＋＋）语言实现了界面友好汉化人机对话变差函数的拟合，主要包括管理菜单的生成，实验变差值的求解，变差图的图形显示，标准函数模型的计算及变差函数人机对话求解等部分。最后对比一下回归分析与人机对话拟合结果。     

南极地区小象幅航测内业成图

本文阐述了用１２０型非量测相机对南极中山站地区所摄制的１４００００小象幅航片制作１５０００地形图、正射像片图及１１００００地形图的原理、方法和精度。在外定向中适当增加控制点及考虑到加入适当的权的情况下，其外定向最大对点误差平面为２．２ｍ，高程为１．２ｍ。所制作的正射像片图和相应的地形图套合中误差为０．１４ｍｍ。其结果完全可满足南极科研、考察的要求     

对中国大陆区域地磁场提取的认识

本文从球谐函数理论的物理含义、中国地磁数据的分布情况及实际计算结果的分析,提出对当前用球谐函数拟合法提取中国大陆区域地磁异常的几点认识。     

下扬子江苏地区P_n残差与上地幔波速各向异性

本文搜集江苏台网1982年-1987年2月间发生在江苏及其邻近地区103次地震的1047个P_n数据,经过静校正和质量分类,重新计算了震中距.选择灌云台为参考台,对一次地震的P_n数据,其它台均减去参考台的数据,成功地消除了与震源参数不确定有关的误差.处理中采用质量加权,获得了上地幔平均速度、大部分台P_n残差以及不同方位上P_n视速度估计值. 按Backus给出的波速各向异性的公式,求出江苏地区P_n速度与方位之间有2％左右的速度各向异性,最大方向和对称方向近南北,最小方向为北东东.推断其成因是由于白垩纪至第三纪期间壳下岩石圈北南向流变引起橄榄石晶体从优定向的结果.这为苏北盆地及下扬子碳酸盐岩地区地质构造形成发展动力学的建立提供了有利的深部依据.     

SEARCH FOR CORRELATIVITY OF LIGHTNING(STROKE)WITH ATMOSPHERIC STRATIFICATION FACTORS

In this paper the statistical analysis is carried out on the correlation between lightning strokes andatmospheric stratification factors.It is shown that the total number of strokes in lightning process is mainlydecided by environmental temperature at altitude with the residual instability of 5℃(T_r).The instabilityshould also affect the total number of strokc in lightning process.A forecasting equation of stroke in light-ning process has been deduced and two interesting preliminary conclusions have been obtained.     

Infrared estimates of aliphatic kerogen carbon in sedimentary rocks

An infrared routine has been developed to estimate the aliphatic portion of kerogen carbon in sedimentary rocks. The procedure does not require isolation of the organic matter and is based on a computer-assisted determination of global band areas in the region of the aliphatic carbon-hydrogen stretching vibrations around 2900cm⁻¹. From these integrated absorptions the amount of aliphatic carbon C_al (mg of aliphatic carbon per gram of solvent-extracted rock) is calculated by means of a calibration with model rocks. Carbonate overtones which interfere in the case of limestones are eliminated by comparison to a CaCO₃ standard.The method has been applied to rocks containing kerogens of different types and maturities at TOC levels of 0.5 to 12%. The aliphatic carbon concentrations range from 0.5 to 60mg·g⁻¹ and correlate reasonably well with the residual genetic potentials of the rocks as measured by S₂ values from Rock-Eval pyrolysis. The ratio S₂/C_al is found to decrease with burial depth reflecting a maturity enhanced conversion of aliphatic carbon to fixed aromatic carbon under Rock-Eval conditions.