珠江口盆地白云凹陷陆坡区有利成藏组合带

应用长排列大容量震源所获得的穿过珠江口盆地白云凹陷陆坡区主体的地震剖面,并结合邻区钻井资料,对珠江口盆地白云凹陷陆坡区的油气成藏组合进行了分析,识别出5个有利的成藏组合带,这些成藏组合带不仅有构造圈闭,而且还有大型的地层和岩性圈闭。这5个主要的有利成藏组合带包括：①重力滑动前缘背斜带是最有利的成藏组合带,储层层位多,圈闭构造不仅面积大,而且横向上延伸规模大,砂岩储层巨厚;②同沉积背斜圈闭带储层层位物性好,封堵条件良好,断裂构造和岩性组合非常有利;③纵向水道泥质充填封堵地层圈闭带规模大,封堵条件好,属于岩性圈闭;④反向屋脊断块圈闭带储层层位多,油源断裂发育,与上述3种成藏组合相比较圈闭面积较小;⑤低位海底扇大中型岩性圈闭带是多处发育且非常有利的圈闭带。     

吉林省粉煤灰的物理和化学特征

首次对吉林省10个大中型热电厂的粉煤灰特征进行较系统的研究,查明了各热电厂粉煤灰的化学成分、物理性质（密度、堆积密度、实密度、粒度）和物质组成。这些特征作为商品粉煤灰的重要经济技术参数决定粉煤灰利用方向,所以该项研究具有重要的意义。     

黑河流域中下游地区植物物种生存域研究

基于对地境和根群的认识, 从系统论的角度首次提出了植物物种地境稳定层及生存域概念, 运用多种理化指标的组合状态对黑河中下游多年生植物物种地境稳定层层位进行了确定, 深度范围为40~100 cm.根据各典型植物物种地境稳定层的水土条件相应地圈划了它们的生存域, 并提出了黑河下游地区植被分布与地境关系的一些新认识.      

树根桩加固边坡的稳定性分析与评价

参考树根桩应用于托换工程的设计计算方法,根据树根桩的实际特征,详细地推导了树根桩加固边坡后树根桩与土均质化复合“土体”的本构模型,研究了树根桩应用于边坡加固后的应力场、位移场的变化及边坡的稳定性情况。最后,比较了两种本构模型在评价边坡稳定性方面的优缺点,得出采用复合本构模型评价树根桩加固边坡的稳定性是完全可行的。     

沙漠人工植物群落的根系分布及动态

2004年植物生长季,利用根钻取样研究了沙漠4种不同配置类型油蒿与柠条植物群落的根系分布及生长动态;另外,采用挖沟分层取样研究了半固定沙丘两种植物的粗根剖面结构,结果表明：尽管4个样地高峰值和低峰值出现的时间不一致,但沙漠植物细根的生长动态表现为双峰型;整个生长季纯油蒿样地细根密集分布于0~40 cm,其余样地密集分布于10~60 cm;受一年生植物的影响,9月份4个样地表层（0~30 cm）细根的根长密度和根重密度均出现最大值。采用边灌水边取样的办法获得4个样地300 cm深的根系数据,4个样地90%以上的细根分布在0~200 cm层次,其中纯油蒿样地的根系的最大深度是270 cm,其余3个样地均在300 cm以下;细根的根长密度和根重密度随深度而减小且呈指数递减形式（P<0.01）。除纯油蒿样地外的其他3个样地,根瘤的最高值出现在4月份;粗根的根长密度远远小于细根的根长密度。挖沟分层取样研究表明,与柠条相比油蒿具有较高的根冠比;柠条的粗根长主要分布于0~60 cm,粗根重主要分布在0~40 cm;油蒿的粗根分布比柠条的更浅,粗根长主要分布于0~40 cm,粗根重主要分布在0~20 cm。     

Factors controlling the temporal variability in dissolved oxygen regime of salmon spawning gravels

Dissolved oxygen (DO) plays a critical role in the development of the juvenile stages of benthic spawning fish and salmonids in particular. Factors influencing the DO regime within spawning gravels include the accumulation of fine sediment, penetration of groundwater or surface water into the gravels, thermal regime, and the consumption of oxygen by sediment and its associated organic fractions. In this field study, we quantify the DO regime within an artificial salmon redd at high temporal resolution. The environment within the redd is shown to be complex, with large variations in DO. Application of a numerical model (SIDO‐UK) enables for the first time, the quantification of the relative contributions to DO consumption from thermal regime, sediment accumulation and sediment oxygen demand. Sediment accumulation is shown to have a minor impact on DO in the redd whereas upwelling groundwater is identified as the most likely cause of the major changes in DO. Bed mobility has a minor impact on DO regime of the redd. The effects of fine sediment and oxygen supply on salmon embryo survival are estimated. Implications for river catchment management and prospects for future research are discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Benthic control upon the morphology of transported fine sediments in a low‐gradient stream

The structure of fluvial sediments in streams has environmental implications to contaminant fate, nutrient budgeting and the carbon flux associated with fine particulate organic matter (FPOM). However, the influence of sediment structure is lacking in environmental predictive models. To this end, the present study links field‐based results of sediment aggregate structure to seasonal biological functions in the surface fine‐grained laminae (SFGL) of a low‐gradient stream. Fluvial sediment collection, microscopy and image analysis are used to show that aggregates collected over a 20 month time period support the concept that aggregate structure can vary seasonally in low‐gradient streams where temporarily stored sediment is prominent. Results show that the structure of the transported aggregates is more irregular in the summer with the structure being elongated about the long axes. In the winter, the aggregate structure is compacted and more spherical. Statistical analysis and results suggest that heterotrophic and autotrophic biological activity within the SFGL exhibits seasonal control upon the morphology of transported sediments. Implications of this research are highlighted through calculations of the reactive surface area of the transported suspended sediment load. The surface area of transported sediment is estimated to be 40% greater in the summer as compared to the winter time period, which implies that (i) the affinity of sediments to sorb contaminants is higher in summer months and (ii) the downstream reactivity of FPOM in large rivers, lakes and estuaries is not just a function of microbial drivers but also the seasonally dependent structure of transported FPOM derived from low‐order streams. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Estimation of compaction parameters of fine‐grained soils in terms of compaction energy using artificial neural networks

The determination of the compaction parameters such as optimum water content (w_opt) and maximum dry unit weight (γ_dmax) requires great efforts by applying the compaction testing procedure which is also time consuming and needs significant amount of work. Therefore, it seems more reasonable to use the indirect methods for estimating the compaction parameters. In recent years, the artificial neural network (ANN) modelling has gained an increasing interest and is also acquiring more popularity in geotechnical engineering applications. This study deals with the estimation of the compaction parameters for fine‐grained soils based on compaction energy using ANN with the feed‐forward back‐propagation algorithm. In this study, the data including the results of the consistency tests, standard and modified Proctor tests, are collected from the literature and used in the analyses. The optimum structure of a network is determined for each ANN models. The analyses showed that the ANN models give quite reliable estimations in comparison with regression methods, thus they can be used as a reliable tool for the prediction of w_opt and γ_dmax. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

紊流对粘性细颗粒泥沙絮凝影响

以分形聚集生长模型为基础,通过三维模拟泥沙颗粒在布朗运动、重力沉降和紊流作用下的碰撞、粘结和破碎过程,探讨了紊流对粘性细颗粒泥沙絮凝速度、絮团平均粒径及分形维数的时空影响。试验结果表明:紊流作用下,泥沙絮凝及絮团平均粒径的变化可分为加速段、等速段和减速段,絮凝等速段的作用时间及粒径等速增长段的速度均随紊动强度呈先增后减的规律,且中部区域的絮凝速度和絮团平均粒径较小;泥沙絮团分形维数随水流紊动强度的增加逐渐增大,最终趋于稳定,随时间呈先减后增的规律。模拟空间下部区域分形维数最大,上部次之,中部最小。     

无填料振冲法处理新近吹填粉细砂地基的工程应用

唐山港曹妃甸港区煤码头二期（新近吹填区域）采用无填料振冲施工工艺对粉细砂地基进行处理,消除了地基液化,提高了承载力,减小长期地基变形。在大面积施工前,采取不同桩间距（2.2、2.5 m）进行试验,用标准贯入法检测,分析其地基承载力及液化消除情况,对大面积施工提供参考数据。