关于制备壳聚糖纤维的研究(英文)

研究壳聚糖的脱乙酰度和纺丝原液的浓度对纤维性能的影响。并对湿法纺丝设备及湿法纺丝的条件进行了初步的探索。     

水泥基材料膨胀率与力学性能的试验研究

本文研究了养护条件、纤维及石英砂的加入对水泥基材料膨胀率的影响及机理,对纤维对水泥基材料力学性能的影响做了一定研究。结果表明:养护条件会影响水泥基材料的膨胀,其中恒温水养护的试件膨胀率最大;纤维和骨料的加入会降低水泥基材料的膨胀率,但加入骨料可以减小水泥基材料后期的回缩;纤维的加入可以提高水泥基材料的抗折强度,但对其抗压强度影响不明显。     

Effect of polymer and fiber usage on dewatering and compressibility behavior of fly ash slurries

Coal ash producing is an increasing trend because of its high energy demand worldwide. For transportation, disposal, and reuse of the industrial waste materials, geotextile tube’s dewatering technology has been widely used over the last three decades, which helps to decrease the volume of the dewatered slurry. In this study, effect of usage of polymer and fibers on dewatering characteristic of fly ash slurries was investigated. For the experimental investigation, an anionic polymer and short nylon fibers were used. As a new concept, centrifuge test is introduced as an alternative for the widely used pressure filtration test (PFT). Centrifuge test was used to evaluate final solid content of the retained sediments and change in slurry volume of fly ash. Tests were conducted on unconditioned and anionic polyacrylamide and/or fiber conditioned fly ash slurries. Centrifuge test results were compared with PFT results with respect to final solid content. It was found that fiber and/or polymer usage has remarkable effect on the dewatering rate of fly ash slurry. It was also found that final solid content of fly ash slurries was decreased by inclusion of fibers and polymer, which indicates that fiber and/or polymer usage can create more permeable soil body.     

耗氧微生物的种类对光化学BOD传感膜性能影响的研究

采用同一制膜方法分别对异常汉逊酵母、枯草芽孢杆菌和恶臭假单胞菌进行等量包埋制备固定化微生物膜,并采用自制的光化学BOD微生物传感器试验了各种膜的响应时间、线性范围、重现性等方面的性能,从而选择性能最佳的耗氧微生物。同时也考察了温度、pH、盐度对不同微生物膜的影响。实验结果表明:以恶臭假单胞菌膜制备的传感膜性能最佳,测定BOD时间低于20 min,方法的重现性及精密度较好,其荧光强度变化速率最大值(dI/dt)的相对标准偏差为2.2%,在BOD值0~80 mg·L-1范围内呈现良好的线性关系,相比之下更适用于BOD的快速检测。     

Quality of the Seagrass <Emphasis Type="Italic">Halophila ovalis</Emphasis> on a Thai Intertidal Flat as Food for the Dugong

To determine whether dugongs along the Thai coast prefer relatively faster-growing Halophila ovalis due to its nutritional value, we analyzed the contents of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), ash, fiber, and lipids in several species of seagrass collected near dugong feeding trails. CNP concentrations in the faster-growing H. ovalis were distinctly lower than those in the slower-growing species. Lipid concentrations were comparatively not as low; they were equivalent to the values of the slower-growing Enhalus acoroides in the leaves and to Thalassia hemprichii and Cymodocea rotundata in the rhizomes and roots. The ash content of H. ovalis was the highest of all species in both the above and below ground parts. The reason that dugong feeds exclusively on H. ovalis at this site may be the potentially large supply due to its high growth rate, rather than its nutritive qualities.     

水体光谱测量应用光纤的优选及其影响因素初步分析

比较了两种石英光纤以及不同芯径的光纤对水体光谱测量的影响。通过对水体光谱的实地测量,发现芯径为0.6mm、数值孔径(NA)为0.37的PCS光纤,在波长为350～550nm之间透光量的GER信号损耗较小,与镜头测量值曲线的相似性较好,光纤接入光谱仪的实测值达到原配4度视场角镜头测量值的20%,而0.4mm的PCS光纤以及大芯径光纤,分别只能达到镜头测量值的15%和5%。10m长的芯径为0.6mm的PCS光纤弯折(半径为30cm)后其GER信号仍能达到镜头信号的15%,符合光谱测量的要求。     

输出近百纳焦耳脉冲能量的光子晶体光纤锁模激光器

设计并搭建了一种支持百纳焦耳量级的单脉冲能量输出的锁模光纤激光器.激光器基于σ型腔结构,采用掺Yb偏振型大模场面积光子晶体光纤作为增益介质,利用半导体可饱和吸收镜实现自启动锁模.激光器内没有色散补偿机理,使其工作在全正色散锁模状态.通过在谐振腔内引入多通长腔使激光器的重复频率降低至11.1 MHz,直接获得了平均功率为1.08 W,单脉冲能量为 97 nJ,脉冲宽度为4.17 ps的稳定锁模脉冲输出,经腔外色散补偿,脉冲宽度压缩至740 fs.     

色散缓变光纤中三阶色散对脉冲频谱传播特性的影响

为探讨三阶色散对脉冲传播的意义，用数值模拟的方法讨论了在色散缓变光纤中零色散波长附近三阶色散对脉冲频谱演变的影响。通过对色散缓变光纤和单模光纤中脉冲频谱图的分析表明，三阶色散使得频谱主峰位置产生漂移，并形成振荡峰。三阶色散值越大，振荡峰越高，同时色散缓变光纤中三阶色散的影响明显大于普通单模光纤，说明色散缓变光纤可有效抑制二阶色散作用。     

A creep–rupture model of synthetic fiber ropes for deepwater moorings based on thermodynamics

The synthetic fiber ropes such as polyester, aramid and high modulus polyethylene (HMPE) are increasing applied to deepwater mooring systems for oil and gas exploitation. Due to that mooring ropes generally bear tensions for a long period, synthetic fiber ropes that are composed of the viscoelastic material would present creep behaviors and even the creep rupture, which is the failure mode of greatest concern especially for HMPE ropes and on which still less study can be found. A creep damage analysis of synthetic fiber ropes is of necessity to ensure the safe and economic operation of mooring systems. Therefore further investigation on the creep–rupture behavior is beneficial to fully establishing confidence in the viability of synthetic fiber ropes for deepwater moorings. In the present study, a creep–rupture model is proposed within the framework of thermodynamics to investigate the creep and damage behaviors of synthetic fiber ropes. Methods for identifying the model parameters are also proposed in detail, which apply to any component of fiber ropes such as the fiber, yarn, strand and rope. Experimental data of aramid yarns available from the literature are utilized to validate the constitutive model. Creep and creep–rupture tests of HMPE strands at different loading levels are specially performed to further examine the present model. The present work demonstrates that the proposed model can effectively describe the viscoelastic property and damage evolution of synthetic fiber ropes at different loading levels.     

介绍一种测量溶解氧的微型光纤传感器

本文介绍了一种根据动态荧光猝灭原理而设计的微型光纤溶解氧传感器（氧微光极）,讨论了氧微光极的结构设计、工作原理、技术特点及试验应用情况。该系统具有良好的测量特性,是适合于水环境应用的理想工具