分布式布里渊光纤传感技术在工程安全监测的应用

工程安全监测是通过对工程本体及其周边环境进行实时、在线监测,分析其稳定性,并对工程安全进行预警。相对于电子传感系统,分布式光纤传感技术具有很大的优越性,如分布式、长距离、实时性和准确性等,可满足工程安全监测和早期预警的要求。以基坑测斜和隧道涵洞变形监测为例,介绍了依据布里渊频移原理和分布式光纤传感器技术在安全监测方面的应用。结果表明:分布式布里渊频光纤技术能够分别准确地反映基坑工程的变形情况和地铁涵洞顶部的岩层应变,是一种比较理想的工程安全监测方法。     

基于纤维模型的受火后混凝土框架的有限元分析

为了分析受火后混凝土框架结构的残余力学性能,基于纤维模型的思路,将梁、柱构件截面划分成多个纤维,可以考虑构件截面的不均匀温度场分布以及受火损伤后材料力学性能的变化。以ABAQUS通用有限元软件为开发平台,利用Python编程语言对其进行二次开发,将SAP2000建立的模型文件导入到ABAQUS中,对基于纤维模型的混凝土框架进行受火后的温度场分析和非线性力学分析。通过一个多层多跨三维混凝土框架火灾反应的实例,对该框架在受火后的力学反应进行了分析,可为评估混凝土框架结构受火后的残余力学性能提供参考。     

玄武岩纤维片材和碳纤维片材高温后拉伸性能比较

对未经环氧树脂浸渍以及经环氧树脂充分浸渍的单向玄武岩纤维增强复合材料（BFRP）片材和碳纤维增强复合材料（CFRP）片材进行了高温后拉伸性能试验。试验结果表明,常温下和高温后BFRP片材的拉伸强度和拉伸模量均远远小于CFRP片材,但伸长率一般高于CFRP片材;常温下,环氧树脂的存在能够显著提高FRP片材的拉伸强度,但高温处理后,环氧树脂的作用不明显,尤其对于CFRP片材;浸渍环氧树脂的CFRP片材和BFRP片材的拉伸强度随温度的变化规律基本一致,均呈现出先降后升再降的趋势,并在150℃左右时取得最大;浸渍和未浸渍环氧树脂的FRP片材在经历300～400℃高温处理后强度均出现急剧下降;当处理温度大于200℃时,处理时间越长,FRP片材的拉伸强度和拉伸模量下降越多。     

石英丝弹性元件的研究与制作

本文介绍了烧焊熔凝石英的实验设备,拉制及焊接石英丝、石英弹簧等元件的技术。同时,还简要介绍了熔凝石英的物理、化学特性和应用情况。     

基于BOTDR的基坑变形分布式监测实验研究

在基坑开挖和支护过程中深部土体的水平位移监测是一项十分重要的工作。布里渊光时域反射计（BOTDR）是近年来国际上研发成功的一项新型的分布式光电传感技术。通过该技术,将传感光纤按照一定的工艺粘贴在埋置于土体中的测斜管上,由传感光纤实测的应变分布,可以实现深部土体水平位移的在线监测。通过室内的模型模拟试验,由实测的光纤应变可以准确地得到测斜管上任意一点的水平位移。结合南京市某深基坑进行的现场试验,探讨了基于BOTDR的分布式光纤传感器应用于基坑深部土体水平位移监测的具体施工工艺,验证了该技术在实际工程中应用的可行性。     

光纤光栅锚杆传感在隧道应变监测中的技术研究

针对隧道施工和运行长期监测的需要和当前的岩土监测所用电磁传感器的不足,基于分析了光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)传感监测原理和实现方法,在直径为22 mm的普通螺纹钢上设计和制作了隧道应力应变监测用的FBG锚杆传感器,并分析FBG探测锚杆轴向应变的原理。通过试验室和公路隧道现场对已制作的FBG锚杆进行动态测试与应用,效果良好,并突出了FBG锚杆传感灵敏度高、稳定性好、测量范围大、结构简单和能在野外岩土结构工程进行长期有效监测等优点。     

Experimental study of deformable connection consisting of friction device and rubber bearings to connect floor system to lateral force resisting system

This paper presents experimental and numerical studies of a full‐scale deformable connection used to connect the floor system of the flexible gravity load resisting system to the stiff lateral force resisting system (LFRS) of an earthquake‐resistant building. The purpose of the deformable connection is to limit the earthquake‐induced horizontal inertia force transferred from the floor system to the LFRS and thereby to reduce the horizontal floor accelerations and the forces in the LFRS. The deformable connection that was studied consists of a friction device (FD) and carbon fiber‐reinforced laminated low‐damping rubber bearings (RB), denoted as the FD + RB connection. The test results show that the force‐deformation responses of the FD + RB connection are stable under quasi‐static sinusoidal and earthquake loading histories and dynamic sinusoidal loading histories. The FD + RB connection force‐deformation response is approximated with a bilinear elastic‐plastic force‐deformation response with kinematic hardening. The FD is axially stiff, compact, easy‐to‐assemble, and able to accommodate the FD + RB connection kinematic requirements. The FD elastic stiffness controls the FD + RB connection elastic stiffness. The FD friction force controls the force when the FD + RB connection force‐deformation response transitions from elastic to post elastic. The RB provide predictable and reliable post‐elastic stiffness to the FD + RB connection. The machining tolerances for the FD components, the “break‐in” effect, the sliding history, and the dwell time affect the FD friction force. Numerical simulation results for a 12‐story reinforced concrete wall building with FD + RB connections under seismic loading show that a reduction of the FD friction force increases the FD + RB connection deformation demand.     

采用非线性纤维梁单元法的钢管混凝土组合框架动力响应分析

钢管混凝土结构已经广泛应用于我国高层和超高层建筑中,为研究该类结构的抗震性能,分别采用分离模量法和统一模量法对某13层钢管混凝土框架结构进行抗震性能分析,研究不同地震波作用下组合框架的模态和多遇地震下的弹性动力时程,对比组合框架顶点位移反应、加速度反应、层间侧移及动力放大系数等。研究结果表明,分离模量法和统一模量法建模方法在分析钢管混凝土框架抗震动力特性上总体相差不大,但前者可以考虑材料弹塑性,从而对结构弹塑性进行分析,而后者在弹塑性阶段需要用全曲线表达式,尚需进一步的研究。     

Effect of ground motion selection methods on seismic collapse fragility of RC frame buildings

Variation in the seismic collapse fragility of reinforced concrete frame buildings predicted using different ground motion (GM) selection methods is investigated in this paper. To simulate the structural collapse, a fiber‐element modelling approach with path‐dependent cyclic nonlinear material models that account for concrete confinement and crushing, reinforcement buckling as well as low cycle fatigue is used. The adopted fiber analysis approach has been found to reliably predict the loss in vertical load carrying capacity of structural components in addition to the sidesway mode of collapse due to destabilizing P–Δ moments at large inelastic deflections. Multiple stripe analysis is performed by conducting response history analyses at various hazard levels to generate the collapse fragility curves. To select GMs at various hazard levels, two alternatives of uniform hazard spectrum (UHS), conditional mean spectrum (CMS) and generalized conditional intensity measure (GCIM) are used. Collapse analyses are repeated based on structural periods corresponding to initial un‐cracked stiffness and cracked stiffness of the frame members. A return period‐based intensity measure is then introduced and applied in estimating collapse fragility of frame buildings. In line with the results of previous research, it is shown that the choice of structural period significantly affects the collapse fragility predictions. Among the GM selection methods used in this study, GCIM and CMS methods predict similar collapse fragilities for the case study building investigated herein, and UHS provides the most conservative prediction of the collapse capacity, with approximately 40% smaller median collapse capacity compared to the CMS method. The results confirm that collapse probability prediction of buildings using UHS offers a higher level of conservatism in comparison to the other selection methods. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

爆炸荷载下FRP约束钢筋混凝土结构动力响应研究现状

纤维增强复合材料（Fiber Reinforced Polymer,简称"FRP"）具有轻质高强、耐腐蚀、耐疲劳和低导热系数等优点,现已广泛应用于土木工程各领域。针对FRP约束钢筋混凝土结构的抗爆性能,通过综述近年来国内外爆炸荷载下FRP约束钢筋混凝土结构动力响应的研究现状及进展,表明FRP材料的约束对钢筋混凝土结构的抗爆性能有显著的提高作用。此外,从相关理论研究、试验研究和数值模拟3个方面介绍了主要成果。针对现有成果,对爆炸荷载下FRP约束钢筋混凝土结构动力响应研究提出了需要进一步研究和解决的问题,可为后续研究提供一定的参考。