矿物纤维粉尘在酸中的稳定性与化学活性研究

通过对一些矿物纤维粉尘耐酸蚀性及其酸蚀残余物化学活性的测试分析和对矿物纤维粉尘的酸蚀历程尤其在酸蚀过程中其表面活性基团的变化及影响耐酸蚀性及其化学活性的诸多因素的较深入的探讨,并结合作者以前和前人的研究成果,探讨了矿物纤维粉尘耐酸蚀性强弱及酸蚀过程澡表面活性基团变化与生物活性大小变化的关系。结果表明,矿物纤维粉尘的酸蚀持久性与其晶体结构、结晶度、晶格缺陷多少有关,也与其表面官能团种类、位置及裸露程     

双包层多芯光子晶体光纤自相干合成的数值分析与实验

依据耦合模理论分析了双包层多芯光子晶体光纤的超模模场特性,通过倏逝波对7束光的相位调节,可实现相干合成,激光亮度得到很大提高.利用相干合成原理对双包层多芯光子晶体光纤的出射光相干功率密度进行了分析与测量,对此种结构的光子晶体光纤实现自相干合成提出了理论和实验依据.     

多波束测深系统及其在水下工程监测中的应用

多波束测深系统也称声纳阵列测深系统,能实现测区全范围无遗漏扫测。GPS系统、罗经和姿态传感器在多波束测深系统中的应用,使得多波束测深系统作为一种高效率、高精度、高分辨率的船载水下地形测绘设备在水下工程监测中的应用越来越广泛,如水中探自然流鱼雷、探死者、探中华鲟、探沉船、大坝水下探伤、近坝水下探坑、检测轮船吃水深等。探讨工程测量中多波束测深技术,对开展工程水下地形测量及水中探物具有重要意义。     

Correcting the errors from variable sea salt retention and water of hydration in loss on ignition analysis: Implications for studies of estuarine and coastal waters

The standard technique of determining the concentrations of total suspended solids (TSSs), particulate inorganic matter (PIM), and particulate organic matter (POM) by filtration with glass fiber filters is subject to an error or bias from sea salt plus water of hydration retention, when applied to saline waters. The sea salt plus water of hydration retention by the filters occurs even after washing the filter with 300 ml of deionized water, a greater volume than any wash recommended in the literature. We determined that the mass retention on a glass fiber filter, at a given salinity, is essentially constant, no matter the volume of seawater passed through the filter. We also determined that the sea salt plus water of hydration retention on glass fiber filters is directly proportional to the salinity of the seawater filtered. Sea salt plus water of hydration retention causes an overestimate of TSS; sea salt retention causes an overestimate of PIM; volatilization of water of hydration causes an overestimate of POM. Thus a correction curve is required for sea salt and water of hydration errors in the determination of TSS and PIM. Corrected POM comes from the difference between the two. Also, filter blanks (procedural control filters), run with deionized (DI) water rather than the seawater sample, are required to correct for possible filter mass loss during the analysis. We demonstrate correction curves for sea salt plus water of hydration retention for Whatman GF/F filters, 47 mm diameter, utilizing the methods of the APHA Manual, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. Application of other glass fiber filter types or an analytical technique differing significantly from that employed here requires a different correction curve for retention of sea salt and water of hydration. These methods can be used to reanalyze older data on PIM, POM, and TSS.We apply these corrections to PIM and POM data from the northern Gulf of Mexico and examine the interactions of these filter corrections with corrections for structural water volatilization from suspended clay minerals in the determinations of PIM and POM. We analyze published data on PIM and POM determinations and their application to remote sensing. We conclude that sea salt and water of hydration retention on filters has an adverse effect on remote-sensing algorithms inverting radiance reflectance to estimate concentrations of suspended matter.     

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基于纤维模型的CFT框架柱滞回性能模拟及模型灵敏度分析

研究了基于纤维模型的CFT框架柱滞回性能模拟的建模方法,建立了基于不同材料本构模型的CFT框架柱数值模型,并探讨了材料本构关系、纤维截面网格划分、积分点数量等因素对模拟精度的影响。以试验为依据,运用Opensees软件,通过计算结果与试验结果的对比,分析了影响滞回模型计算精度的主要因素。结果表明,受约束混凝土本构关系的下降段,钢材本构关系的强化段,是影响滞回模型准确性的主要因素,而网格划分和积分点数量的影响则主要体现在程序运行速率方面。研究将为基于纤维模型法的CFT框架柱滞回性能模拟分析提供理论依据。     

平原地区地磁观测室设计研究

基于现代无金属结构设计理念,首次提出了平原地区玄筋混凝土沉井式结构立体地磁记录室设计研究方案,该方案较传统设计在地磁记录室温差控制能力方面有大幅度的提高,可以为记录仪器提供稳定的温度工作环境;真正实现了"地磁观测",地下深层空间观测可以有效的屏蔽地表及外空间的大量干扰因素,地磁台站占地面积可明显减小,该地磁观测室观测资料的质量将会产生飞跃。     

分布式OTDR滑坡岩体推力监测系统的研究及应用

提出了一种用圆形弹膜片及微弯调制机构,进行滑坡崩塌岩体推力传感的分布式光纤传感系统以及一种不需双光路信号,就可减小光源波动及环境因素对测量的影响解调应力方法。推导出传感器的动态范围与分布个数的关系、传感器的灵敏度与应力的关系及瑞利后向散射光功率与应力的公式。建立起对岩体推力进行监测的试验系统。试验表明该传感器具有线性度好、重复性、准确度高及工程实用性好的特点。光纤传感器与其它类型的传感器相比,具有抗电磁干扰、结构简单、性能可靠、耐水性及电绝缘好、耐腐蚀;测量对象广泛,适用于多种物理量的监测;对待测场能够进行远距离、连续实时、分布式测量。因而在许多安全监测领域逐步受到人们的注意。分布式光纤压力传感器在桥梁、水利工程、建筑以及地质工程灾害监测中有着十分广泛的应用前景。其发展受到普遍的重视。目前高分辨率、高灵敏度的分布式光纤应力传感器多采用光相干方式,其光路结构复杂、调整难,工程实用性差。文中介绍的仪器为一种基于OTDR的分布式光纤压力传感器,具有较高的空间分辨率和测量灵敏度,工程实用性好。直接采用光纤应变传感器对滑坡、崩塌岩体、滑体推力进行监测,预测预报其灾害的发生,对滑坡、崩塌岩体防治工程监测,检测其施工质量,...     

Measuring solar irradiance profiles in the Arctic sea ice using fiber optic spectrometry via inclined holes

An irradiance profile measurement approach and profiling system were developed to measure the solar irradiance profile of the Arctic sea ice using fiber optic spectrometry. The approach involved using a miniature spectrometer to sense light signals collected and transmitted from a fiber probe. The fiber probe was small, and could thus move freely in inclined bore holes drilled in sea ice with its optical entrance pointing upward. The input-output relationship of the system was analyzed and built. Influence factors that determined the system output were analyzed. A correctional system output approach was proposed to correct the influence of these factors, and to obtain the solar irradiance profile based on the measurements outputted by this system. The overall performance of the system was examined in two ice floes in the Arctic during the 9 th Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition. The measured solar irradiance profiles were in good agreement with those obtained using other commercially available oceanographic radiometers. The derived apparent optical properties of sea ice were comparable to those of similar sea ice measured by other optical instruments.     

观测仪器和百叶箱的变化对地面气温观测值的影响 及其原因分析

在未来的几年来,中国几十年以来一直使用的地面人工气象观测系统将全部被自动观测系统所取代,观测系统的变化(对气温观测而言,主要是感应器的变化和百叶箱的变化)导致气象要素观测值的系统偏差将是不可避免的。检测地面自动观测与人工观测的地面气温的差异,并分析产生这种差异的原因,对于分析我国气温时间序列的均一性,科学合理使用我国长期气候序列进行气候变化研究具有重要的科学意义,同时对于改进我国地面自动观测系统,减少观测值的系统误差,具有重要的业务应用价值。选取在同一观测场观测、具有同种防辐射百叶箱、不同感应仪器的人工和自动两种地面气温观测系统所获取的5个国家基准站的平行观测资料,分析了不同时间尺度(小时、日、月)的观测和统计值的差异,揭示了两种系统获得的气温测值的偏差,并分析了产生这种偏差的原因,近似估算了仪器精度、仪器灵敏度、太阳辐射和红外辐射等影响因子导致的偏差值。观测仪器的变化对气温测值有较明显的影响,日、月、年平均气温相差0.2左右,太阳辐射对不同仪器的影响不同是主要原因,同时,两种仪器存在0.1左右的系统观测误差,对环境温度变化的敏感性的差异也可引起一天中的不同时段存在0.1—0.15的差异。通过对3个台站不同百叶箱、相同仪器的对比观测试验资料的分析,表明从总体上看,百叶箱的变化对气温观测值的影响不大,但玻璃钢百叶箱内的气温对环境气温变化较木质百叶箱更灵敏。