新疆伽师强震群区基底界面结构特征

用射线分布分析法对伽师强震群区的高分辨折射地震剖面资料进行了更进一步的分析处理， 得到了伽师强震群区更完整的基底界面结构特征. 结果表明，在伽师强震群区地壳上部存在两个明显的结构界面:第一个界面的结构连续、完整，其埋深变化不大， 在2.6～3.3 km之间，为一向天山方向逐渐抬升、 近平直的倾斜界面；第二个界面的埋深变化较大， 在8.5～11.8 km之间，为古老的塔里木盆地结晶基底. 在约37 km桩号附近结晶基底有近2.5 km的深度突变， 推断可能是伽师强震群区超基底断裂所致. 以该断裂为界，结晶基底分为西南、东北两段. 每段内界面的埋深变化不大， 西南段的埋深约11.5 km， 东北段的埋深约为8.5～9.0 km，该段在从西南向东北整体抬升的背景上略有上隆，反映出在塔里木地块西北缘特殊的构造环境下上部地壳的变形特征.      

Ternary geochemical-tracing system in natural gas accumulation

The establishment of geochemical-tracing system of gas generation and accumulation is helpful to re-elucidating the gas migration and accumulation in time and space. To deduce the complex process of gas accumulation, a ternary geochemical-tracing system is set up, according to stable isotope inheritance of source rocks, kinetic fractionation of stable isotopes, time-accumulating effect of noble gas isotopes, mantle-derived volatile inheritance, and organic molecule inheritance of light hydrocarbons and thermally kinetic fractionation in their generation, in combination with the previous achievements of gas geochemistry and geochemical parameters of gas-source correlation. There are tight interactions for the geochemical parameters with much information about parent inheritance and special biomarkers, in which they are confirmed each other, reciprocally associated and preferentially used for the requirement so that we can use these geochemical parameters to effectively demonstrate the sources of natural gas, sedimentary environments and thermal evolution of source rocks, migration and accumulation of natural gas, and rearrangement of natural gas reservoirs. It is necessary for the ternary geochemical-tracing system to predict the formation of high efficient gas reservoir and their distribution in time and space.     

地质动力区划中断裂活动性的模糊综合评判

地质构造尤其是活动断裂控制着动力现象的区域性分布,然而活动断裂与矿井动力现象的关系并不是绝对和完全的。对断裂活动性进行评价,确定断裂的动力活动强度,是进行动力现象的预测与预防的重要内容之一。文章通过分析活动断裂的特征及其对矿区原地应力场的影响,提出了既具有代表性又容易获取的适合多尺度断裂活动性评价的5个主要指标,即活动断裂两侧断块的高程差、活动断裂长度、活动断裂走向与最大主应力的夹角、活动断裂走向与最大剪应力的夹角及断裂地震综合指标。利用模糊数学方法,建立了断裂活动性评价的模糊综合评判模型,确定了隶属函数,并通过层次分析法确定了各个指标的权重,最终获得了断裂活动性的模糊综合评判结果。将该方法应用于新汶矿区协庄矿,结果显示冲击地压多发生于具有强活动性的断裂附近。表明文章建立的评判模型能够较好地对断裂活动性进行分级。文章提出的模糊综合评判方法,改进了地质动力区划中断裂活动性评价方法,提高了评价结果的准确性及合理性。     

东昆仑南部晚新生代逆冲推覆构造系统

通过对东大滩—东温泉地区的路线地质观测与构造填图,在东昆仑南部发现晚新生代大型逆冲推覆构造系统。沿低角度逆冲断层,早二叠世大理岩和早三叠世砂板岩自北向南逆冲推覆于古新统—始新统风火山群紫红色砾岩和渐新世砖红色砂砾岩之上,形成大量不同规模的飞来峰;沿主逆冲断层发育厚层断层角砾岩与断层泥,局部形成碳酸盐质糜棱岩。东昆仑南部逆冲推覆构造的发育时代为渐新世晚期—中新世早期,主要形成、活动时期为26～13.5Ma;估算最小逆冲推覆距离为30～35km,最小逆冲推覆运动速率为2.4～2.8mm/a。东昆仑南部晚新生代逆冲推覆构造运动与现今山脉快速隆升存在着动力学成因联系。     

以海原断裂甘肃老虎山段为例浅析走滑断裂古地震记录的完整性——兼论古地震研究中的若干问题

在简单介绍海原断裂老虎山段松山探槽点古地震工作的基础上,分析了制约走滑断裂上古地震记录完整性的因素。松山探槽点跨断裂开挖的2个探槽揭示颜色和粒度不同的地层互层的沉积序列呈近水平面状展布。在断裂带内地层发生错断、旋转和拖曳等变形现象。多个层位上的这种变形表明该点揭示了6次古地震事件。炭屑的~(14)C年龄限定了6次事件均发生在距今3500～3900年以来,其中最新的4次事件从老到新分别为0～410aAD、890～1000年之后不久、1440～1640 aAD和1990年景泰-天祝Mw5.8级历史地震。该序列及其他例子表明连续的、高沉积速率的微构造环境是走滑断裂上探槽选取的重要原则。     

断层上方第四系覆盖层中氡气运移规律的数值模拟

在前人研究的基础上,建立了稳定条件下断层上方第四系覆盖层中氡气的运移方程,给出了相应的边界条件,对断层上方覆盖层中的氡浓度分布进行了数值模拟,并对其影响因素进行了讨论.结果表明,断层上方第四系覆盖层中存在明显的氡浓度异常,其分布与覆盖层的厚度、断层的宽度、氡的扩散系数和对流速度等因素有关.     

Tectonic implications of damage zone-related fault-fracture networks revealed in drill core through the Nojima fault, Japan

1800 m of drill core through the Nojima fault zone, Japan, reveals subsidiary fault and fracture networks that developed in the fault zone that triggered the 1995 Ms 7.2 Kobe earthquake. The subsidiary fault zones contain a fault gouge of < 1 cm bounded by thin zones of foliated cataclasite or breccia. Fractures are filled with calcite veins, calcite-cemented breccias, clay, and iron-oxide and carbonate alternation of the granitic host rock. These features are typical of extensional fractures that form the conduit network for fluid flux close to a major fault zone. The zone of distributed deformation surrounding the main fault is 50 m in width, and the dip of the Nojima fault at > 1 km depth is 75°. The fault-fracture networks associated with the Nojima fault zone are coseismic and were filled with carbonate and fine-grained material during repeated seismic-related infiltration of the fault zone by carbonate-bearing subsurface water. This study shows that fault-related fracture networks plays an important role as fluid flow conduits within seismically active faults, and can change in character from zones of high permeability to low permeability due to cementation and/or pore collapse.     

Prediction of Apparent Equivalent Thickness Using the Spontaneous Potential Method and Its Application to Oilfield Development

The upper spontaneous potential produced by oil and gas accumulation is of a stable potential field, and its intensity is directly proportional to the content of the source and inversely proportional to the radius apart from the source. Theoretical research and practical results show that anomalies of spontaneous potential can indicate oil-bearing sandstone bodies and locate the areas of oil and gas accumulation. In oil areas which have fewer reservoir beds, the petroleum reservoir thickness can be predicted by determining the linear relationship between potential intensity and apparent equivalent thickness. In the Weixing （卫星） oilfield, which is devoid of sufficient reservoir beds, its apparent equivalent thickness can be predicted by the linear equation h= -0.19x＋0.74. On the basis of geological research, we use the spontaneous potential method to predict the equivalent thickness, helping in the selection of the most appropriate drill sites to enhance the probability of successful well boring so as to serve the next round development of the oilfield.     

地面-坑道激电测深方法在山东玲珑断裂带深部找矿中的应用

在山东玲珑断裂带深部找矿中,考虑断裂带处在地电干扰和地形变化复杂地段,且深部地质体产状变化较大,仅依据半空间地面物探方法很难摸清地质体的展布形态,盲目布设钻孔会造成找矿成本的提高。为精确反演深部矿体的边界范围、走向及倾向,提高钻孔见矿率,降低找矿成本,在山东玲珑断裂带地面、坑道采用立体物探技术,试验通过布设多条方位不同的地-坑、坑-坑和地-地纵横激电中梯剖面和双向三极测深剖面,进行了二维电法剖面反演。在地面-坑道激电测深方法中,地面-坑道供电,坑道测量探测深度与坑道深度呈正相关,反映了深部巷道底板以下电阻率和极化率的分布状况,可以实现深地探测目的。由于地面-坑道供电,坑道测量装置处在半空间和全空间两个部分,需要采用"镜像法"和地下倾斜偶极源电流场特征对其装置系数k值重新推导,以反映坑道空间岩矿体真实电阻率的变化。坑道中梯剖面异常与单向三极剖面异常、双向三极电测深反演结果对应较好。经钻探验证,矿体分布与物探推断高极化体基本一致,为快速准确布设深部钻孔提供资料。     

桂南断裂构造和微粒型金矿的关系

燕山期由于受华夏构造自东向西仰冲作用的影响、改造作西侧伏的海西、印支褶皱带形成ＮＥ向分布、断面南倾、向西南撒开、向北东收敛,形如帚状推覆断裂带,在靠近收敛部分控制着金矿的分布。印支期金矿和碳酸盐台地礁岩的消失、礁前滑脱砾岩和火山碎屑浊积岩系上超盆地的复合、有机质的热解、分异有关,形成成岩—后生矿床;燕山晚期金矿以改造作用为主,形成后生矿床。