突变理论在工程地质中的应用

本文说明了突变理论应用于工程地质中的一般方法。着重通过实例介绍尖点突变理论在工程地质中的应用现状,其中包括用突变理论评价层状结构斜坡、地下洞室的顶板冒落及活断层的稳定性,以及斜坡失稳的时间预报等问题。同时对其应用前景作了展望。     

载金石英的阳离子效应及其对含矿性的指示意义

石英的阳离子效应指石英结构中Al~(3+)与Si~(4+)的置换作用.在分析海南戈枕断裂金成矿带石英中普遍存在的这一作用,以及由此造成的石英粉末红外谱(IR)、顺磁共振谱(EPR)及热释光曲线(TL)特征,进而讨论了这些特征与金成矿的关系.     

鲜水河断裂带古构造残余应力场对大地震的控制

以岩体正交异性弹性理论为基础,用X射线法,在鲜水河断裂带测区沿7条测线,测量了岩体三维残余应力,绘成区域残余应力等值线图、主应力线图及其应变能密度等值线图,探讨了其对带内大地震的控制作用     

昆明1943年5级地震的发震地段考证

结合资料记载与调查,认为该地震发生在昆明市区西南边缘的西山断裂地段。     

茅山东侧断裂的断层运动及其与溧阳地震关系的动力学模型

本文依据近年来江苏省茅山地区进行野外调查得到的新资料，对茅山东侧断裂带（简称茅东断裂）的基本特征作了概括和分析，在多种观察资料的约束条件下建立了三维动力学模型，以解释茅东断裂现代运动的力学机制及其与溧阳地震的关系，指出控制断层运动的应力状态是随深度而改变的。最后对有关溧阳地震发生原因的一些力学问题进行了讨论。     

山西断陷带地热特征与地震活动性

山西断陷带是我国著名的地震活动带之一,其地震活动频繁,强度大,震源浅,破坏性严重。山西断陷带地热场特征:各断陷盆地内部大地热流值或地温梯度值都比较高,吕梁山隆起区和太岳山丘陵区则比较低。提出清徐、临汾、蒲县、柳林四个地区的地壳、上地幔热结构,分别计算沉积岩层、花岗岩质层和玄武岩质层底部的温度和热流值。采用逐步逼近法计算浮山—临汾—蒲县剖面二维岩石圈地温结构。并用断陷盆地内的临汾、吕梁山隆起区的柳林、太岳山隆起区的沁源地区的大地热流值推导其岩石圈厚度和底部温度。地热异常影响着地震的孕育和发生,重点探讨了地球内热与地震孕育和发生的内在联系。     

首都圈断层活动性研究

本文分析了首都圈47处监测断层活动性的大地形变测点资料,给出了各处断层现今活动情况及速率。研究认为,首都圈现今应力场受华北区域应力场的支配,活动剧烈的断层主要有:沿河城—南口山前断层、八宝山—黄庄—高丽营断层、南口—孙河断层;1987年之后断层活动平均速率上升到0.40mm/年,应力场处于加强过程;应力集中地段在黄庄—高丽营断层北端、沿河城—南口山前断层北端,狼山断层、怀来—涿鹿北缘断层近年活动剧烈,其北端也是应力加强地区;构造运动的活跃与地震活动同步,目前构造运动继续处于活跃状态。上述应力集中地段的地震危险性应予以重视。     

逸出气体的监测及其与地震活动的关系

地下流体能较好地反映地壳应力的变化,对地震前兆的监测预报有一定的意义。本文通过对地下热矿水中逸出气的组分、总量及其与溶解气量比的观测和试验,表明地下水中的逸出气体有良好的震兆作用,其中逸气总量以及逸出氦等组分可望成为映震的灵敏测项,有必要深入开展观测研究。本文还介绍了自行设计的集气装置及效果较好的现场简易测量方法。     

On the propagation of an in-plane shear fault with super-S-wave velocity

The speedv, especially the problem whether super S-wave velocity in the classical model (linear elasticity fracture mechanics) exists, of spontaneous propagation of a shear fault is investigated theoretically. An in-plane shear crack propagating in the crack plane is taken as the model of the shear fault. The results obtained firstly by Kostrov (1975) is extended from sub-Rayleigh wave velocity to super S-wave velocity, and the analytical expression for the stress intensity factorK ₂ in the case ofα>v>β is derived. It is proved that for Poisson mediumK ₂ is positive and real in the velocity range (β, 1.70β). This demonstrates that (β, 1.70β) is the velocity range which fulfils the conditions for spontaneous crack propagation. The existence, convergence and positiveness or negativeness ofK ₂ forv in individual sections are examined, and it is found that for an in-plane shear crack: 1. There are three sections forv, i.e., [0.v _R], (β, 1.70β), andα, respectively, and 2. There are two physically reasonable sections forv, the first is [v _R, β], and the second is [1.70β, α]. These two forbidden sections behave as barriers to fault propagation. The analytical expressions derived in this paper are not only suitable to classical model, but also to the other derivative models (e. g., the slip-weakening model and the renomalization model etc.). The model considered in this paper is more realistic than the static model employed by previous authors. The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica, 15, 9–14, 1993.     

Numerical analysis model of horizontal displacement of active faults

In this paper, a numerical model was presented for interpreting the movement feature of an active fault zone. This model was based on the analytic solution, given by Crouch (Crouch, 1976), for the problem of displacement discontinuity in an infinite elastic solid, making full use of geodetic and geological data and it was constructed by the boundary element method. A numerous test computation shows that if you want to catch the possible seismic precursor from the displacement’s vector, you have to associate the computation with geological survey in a deep going way, otherwise you would fail in your propose. This method is valid for analysing the zone of strike-slip fault and it has some values for dealing with other analogous problems. The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,15, 153–158, 1993.