轮虫生产中两种益生菌的应用试验

鱼类在工厂化育苗中，用面包酵母进行褶皱臂尾轮虫(Brachionusplicatilis)的培养生产时，添加初始浓度为100×10     

路南石林土壤微生物含量及其对土壤CO2浓度的影响

在植被生长缓慢的季节(1999 年12 月), 对石林地区红壤三个研究点土下20 ～ 60cm 不同深度土壤的温度、pH 、有机质含量、微生物含量和土壤CO2 浓度变化进行了研究。研究表明土壤CO2 浓度和土壤中有机碳含量没有直接的关系, 但是与土壤微生物含量(Mo)、土壤湿度(Mt)和土壤CO2 浓度有很好的相关关系。因此在植被生长缓慢的季节, 土壤微生物对土壤空气CO2 浓度变化的影响要远远大于来源于根系呼吸的比例。      

Impact of erosion and accretion on the distribution of enterococci in beach sands

Bacterial pathogens in coastal sediments may pose a health risk to users of beaches. Although recent work shows that beach sands harbor both indicator bacteria and potential pathogens, it is neither known how deep within beach sands the organisms may persist nor if they may be exposed during natural physical processes. In this study, sand cores of approximately 100 cm depth were collected at three sites across the beach face in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, before, during, and after large waves from an offshore hurricane. The presence of DNA from the fecal indicator bacterium Enterococci was detected in subsamples at different depths within the cores by PCR amplification. Erosion and accretion of beach sand at the three sites were also determined for each sampling day. The results indicate that ocean beach sands with persisting enterococci signals could be exposed and redistributed when wind, waves, and currents cause beach erosion or accretion.     

南极菲尔德斯半岛土壤氮循环微生物类群数量与功能活性的初步研究

南极乔治王岛南端的菲尔德斯半岛被认为是研究南极生态与生物资源的理想之地。本研究从该半岛全岛范围采集了3类不同类型的土壤样品,采用传统最大或然法(MPN)对其所含氮循环各类群微生物的总量进行了测定,同时利用常规Griess试剂、纳氏试剂等显色法初步估算了各菌群的功能活性强度,并结合土壤理化性质和采样点生态等进行了初步分析。目的是对该半岛土壤氮循环微生物进行先期初步了解,为进一步深入研究它们的其他特性奠定基础。结果表明:13个土样中所含氮循环微生物总量趋势为氨化菌反硝化菌硝化菌和固氮菌(活菌数),除极个别样品外均具有不同程度的硝化、反硝化、氨化活性。其中,所有土壤样品均具有比较高的氨化菌含量及氨化活性强度;丘陵山坡土壤的反硝化菌含量与反硝化活性强度要高于动、植物区土壤(极个别样品除外);动物区和植物区土壤的硝化菌含量较少,但硝化活性强度较高,预示着可能存在高效功能菌株;而丘陵山坡土壤的硝化菌含量及硝化活性强度则表现得高低不一。本结果为进一步深入研究该地区氮循环微生物提供了前期参考。     

南极长城站微生物考察

198 6- 1 987年中国第三次南极考察中 ,对南极长城站空气、陆上和海滨的微生物作了考察。长城站野外空气中的微生物含量较低 ,海洋性微生物为 1 4 8.7CFU/ m3 ,陆源性微生物为 1 7.9CFU/ m3 ,表明野外空气相当洁净。室内空气微生物数比室外及野外均高得多 ,霉菌的检出率和含量都不高。微生物因人群活动和环境的不同而异。陆上的微生物含量次序是 :冰雪 <湖水 <原土等。海滨的微生物含量相当多 ,>1 0 3 CFU/ cm3 (或 g)。长城站的微生物组成有 1 1属以上 ,包括偶见的芽孢杆菌。温度试验结果表明 ,野外的大部分菌株适于低温生活。没有发现能在≥2 5℃的温度中存活者。低温是控制长城站微生物生态的一个重要因子。在长城站这类环境中 ,低温微生物对物质转化和循环发挥着持久的重要作用     

微生物对某些岩土工程性质的影响

探讨了由于环境因素变化诱发的物理化学和生物化学变化对岩土工程性质的影响，着重研究了有机质和微生物引起的氧化还原作用对起胶结作用的游离氧化铁赋存状态转化的影响。强调指出，这种影响可能导致岩土工程的安全问题。     

南设得兰群岛区域的微生物

198 6年 1 2月 - 1 987年 3月对南设得兰群岛海区和麦克斯威尔湾的空气、长城湾远岸表层海水、欺骗岛潮间带表层海水、底质和火山灰的微生物作了考察研究。结果表明 ,两个测区的空气中陆源性微生物的检出率在 90 %以上 ,每立方米空气中一般含几个 CFU。海洋性微生物的检出率在 50 %以上 ,数量较小 ,每立方米空气仅 1个左右的 CFU。麦克斯威尔湾比南设得兰群岛海区的空气微生物数稍高些。测区的空气微生物受岛屿的影响较大。空气微生物数呈现出某种昼夜变化。空气微生物数受气温、相对湿度的影响不大明显。每立方厘米的长城湾远岸表层海水含几百个 CFU的微生物。其数量随水温的逐月降低减少 ,并显示出某种昼夜变化趋势。该湾海水比较洁净。空气中的海洋性微生物与海水中的微生物呈现出某种关系。长城湾海水细菌有1 3属以上。以假单胞菌为常见者。欺骗岛潮间带每立方厘米海水中只有几个 CFU,火山灰中的含菌量达每克数千个 CFU。以上结果基本反映了南设得兰群岛一带空气、海洋和陆上的微生物一般状况 ,并为进一步考察和开发该区域的微生物资源提供了资料     

Monthly botanical composition of the diet of cattle in the rangelands of Mendoza plain, Argentina

Monthly botanical composition of cattle diet was determined for the period July 1994 to June 1995 in faecal samples by microhistological analysis. Principal components and cluster analyses were used to evaluate diet homogeneity among months. November through March diets were mainly composed of grasses and forbs (50 to 73%). During the April–September period, shrubs represented 36 to 57% of the overall diet. In October more than half the diet came from two species, one shrub (32%) and one grass (25%) making this month very different from the rest. The composition of cattle diets was significantly correlated with temperature and/or rainfall.     

Effective Removal of Microorganisms and Biostimulants of Wastewater by the Application of Various Electrolytes

A variety of electrolytes FeCl₃, CaCl₂, CuSO₄, Al₂(SO₄)₃, and LaCl₃ was investigated for their efficiency in removing biostimulants (phosphorous and nitrogen) to improve the water quality. Results show that the removal of PO₄^3– was achieved below the detection limit (BDL) by two electrolytes, CuSO₄ and Al₂(SO₄)₃, and up to 1.0 ± 0.0 mg/L by LaCl₃ from a value of 15.0 mg/L, of the concentration of PO₄^3– in amended water. The turbidity was found to be removed significantly by FeCl₃, CuSO₄, and Al₂(SO₄)₃ by about 5.8 ± 2.6, 9.7 ± 1.0, and 5.4 ± 1.1 nephalometric turbidity unit (NTU), respectively. The removal of the members of Enterobacteriaceae viz., Escherichia coli, Enterobacter spp. Pseudomonas fluorescence, and Pseudomonas spp. was found almost in all the chemical precipitants but their removal was more significant in the water samples treated with CuSO₄, Al₂(SO₄)₃, and LaCl₃. To achieve a complete removal and to sustain the after effects of precipitation, such as recurrence of algal growth, the combination of CuSO₄ and Al₂(SO₄)₃ was investigated. Reduction in the turbidity from 30.83 to <2 NTU, phosphate ion from a value of 1.28 mg/L to BDL and ammonia ion from a value of 44.71 to 36.48 mg/L of natural pond water were observed after the treatment with CuSO₄ and Al₂(SO₄)₃ in combination.     

珠江三角洲城市群大气微生物优势 种群及时空分异特征

用JWL-IIB新型固体撞击式多功能空气微生物采集仪,于2005至2007年,分别在春、夏、秋、冬不同的季节,对珠江三角洲8个城市(广州、深圳、珠海、佛山、江门、东莞、惠州、中山)的四个不同的功能区(交通枢纽、商业区步行街、居民区和工业区)161个样点,进行大气微生物采样、测定与时空分布规律初步研究,拟为珠江三角洲城市环境污染的综合防治和卫生防疫工作提供依据。研究结果表明:珠江三角洲城市群大气微生物真菌的优势种群有:曲霉属(Aspergillus)、青霉属(Penicillium)、枝孢属( Cladosporium)、芽枝霉属(Clodosporium)等,共19属21种,细菌的优势种群有芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)、微小杆菌属(Exiguobacterium)、链霉菌属(Streptomyces)等,共4属15种。大气微生物含量在珠江三角洲城市群中广州和东莞较高,细菌比真菌含量高;室内较室外高,无绿化地较有绿化地高,大气微生物含量在全年中,春、夏季相对较高。